三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題06 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣（含解析）

三年（2017-2019）年高考真題分項(xiàng)匯編專題06 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真遺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次觀光，否則，我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過(guò)一段愉快時(shí)光的。根據(jù)上文，可知是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選C。2.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：工人們沒(méi)有被更好的組織起來(lái)，否則他們用一半的時(shí)間就能完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organized可知，這是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從句：If+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他，主句：主語(yǔ)+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他，故選D。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018·江蘇】24. Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：真奇怪，他竟然沒(méi)有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that.”中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中的should可以省略。故選B。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主語(yǔ)從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀看法。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。試比較： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虛擬語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。）2.【2018·江蘇】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：1用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）。2用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。3wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。分析此題需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可以判斷出此題wish用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。3.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：我不能找到我的錢包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done，再根據(jù)后句but Im not sure.可知，此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，表示“可能”。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考的熱點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。本題抓住兩點(diǎn)：第一、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以判斷出是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done；如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的推測(cè)，才用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v原形。第二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。must為肯定推測(cè)，表示“一定”，could為不肯定推測(cè)，表示“可能”，這樣就能選出正確答案。4.【2018·北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：在今天的信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題是客觀上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況，即“客觀可能性”，故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒(méi)有該用法。need需要；should應(yīng)該，竟然；must必須，肯定。點(diǎn)睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，會(huì)；2. (表示推測(cè))可能，可能會(huì)；3.（表示允許，請(qǐng)求）可以；4.（表示客觀可能性）有時(shí)會(huì)。5.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果他們多開幾公里的話，他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，該句是表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。if _ a few more kilometers是條件句部分，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，條件句部分要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故D選項(xiàng)正確。6.【2018·天津】15. If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動(dòng)詞形式判斷所考查的動(dòng)詞的虛擬時(shí)間，一般要保持一致，但要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故用had + v-ed，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 三、2017年高考真題1.【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C試題分析：A. must 必須；B. should應(yīng)該；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我們班最高的男生，能很輕松地夠著書架頂上的書。此處需要一個(gè)表示能力的詞，故用can，答案為C。考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A試題分析：句意：如果這個(gè)新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用過(guò)的話，這個(gè)事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)主句確定是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，所以從句謂語(yǔ)用had done形式，此外根據(jù)句意可知是被動(dòng)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故A項(xiàng)是正確的?？键c(diǎn)：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】英語(yǔ)中的三種語(yǔ)氣，語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)說(shuō)明我們對(duì)自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。1、 陳述語(yǔ)氣（疑問(wèn)，否定，肯定，感嘆）2、 祈使語(yǔ)氣（命令，要求，建議，警告）3、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣：不可能發(fā)生的事，愿望，建議，與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等.一、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件中的具體用法真實(shí)條件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虛擬條件句（假設(shè)情況不存在，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had done would/could/might/should+have done3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反a.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be一律用were）b.should+動(dòng)詞原形（不能用would）c.were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形3.【2017·江蘇卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略。虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時(shí)把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故選B?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，be動(dòng)詞只能用were；虛擬條件句省去連詞if時(shí)，從句主謂部分倒裝：Were/Had/Should+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首?？键c(diǎn)：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和倒裝4.【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt【答案】C【解析】試題分析： 句意：我的房間很亂，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打掃，我可以明天早晨再打掃。A.不敢；B.不應(yīng)該；C不需要；D.不許。根據(jù)句意，故選C。考點(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查句意和說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)弱，這幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式意思各不相同，確定各自的含義，弄清它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境就不難理解了。 darent通常表示“不敢”，shouldnt強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒(méi)有義務(wù)，必要性；neednt表示“不需要”，mustn't 表示不許，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈，它們之間有明顯不同。 5.【2017·天津卷】15. Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎？有。否則我昨天就聯(lián)系不到她了。此處otherwise(否則)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，由yesterday可知本句對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行虛擬，由此可以判斷出主句用wouldnt have done，故選B。 2016年高考真題1.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】試題分析：題目考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我喜歡周末，因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也恍枰缙?。A. neednt不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.【2016·北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考點(diǎn)：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣3.【2016·江蘇】27.If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A4.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：這真是令人心煩；我不能進(jìn)入你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。wouldnt不愿意；couldnt不能；shouldnt不應(yīng)該；neednt不必。根據(jù)句意可知選B。5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果我沒(méi)有系安全帶，我就會(huì)受傷了。使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)if條件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，而且I和injure是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 【解析】句意：如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)就不會(huì)從2005年的最高點(diǎn)下降。使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if條件句用的had done，而且省略if，將had提前，主句用would have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬。故選D。8