三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語(yǔ)真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專(zhuān)題04 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（含解析）

三年（2017-2019）年高考真題分項(xiàng)匯編專(zhuān)題04 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ man's intelligence and creativity.A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：城市是人類(lèi)的雙手和思想的產(chǎn)物，反映了人的智慧和創(chuàng)造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顧；restoring恢復(fù)，根據(jù)題意，故選B。2.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't _ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意： 凱特聽(tīng)到背景中有一個(gè)男人的聲音，但她聽(tīng)不清他在說(shuō)什么。set aside“存儲(chǔ)，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨認(rèn)出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避開(kāi)”。故選C。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才獲得了成為一名優(yōu)秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display顯示；B. acquire獲得；C. teach教；D. test測(cè)試。故選B。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系句意進(jìn)行判斷，從而選出正確答案。2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：起初，羅伯特不愿讓他女兒去潛水，但最終他讓步了，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，讓步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闖入；打斷；D. turned up出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最終他讓步了。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。分析后句的原因狀語(yǔ)可以判定出羅伯特最終讓步，再聯(lián)系所學(xué)短語(yǔ)就不難選出正確答案。同學(xué)平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要多注意詞匯和短語(yǔ)的積累，尤其是含義比較多的詞匯和短語(yǔ)。3.【2018·江蘇】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：發(fā)展長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一項(xiàng)需要清晰的路線圖和時(shí)間表的系統(tǒng)工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on號(hào)召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故選A。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。分析全句句意，再聯(lián)系所學(xué)短語(yǔ)就不難選出正確答案。同學(xué)平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要多注意詞匯和短語(yǔ)的積累，尤其是含義比較多的詞匯和短語(yǔ)。4.【2018·江蘇】22. Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：孩子不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影，因?yàn)樗麄円苍S會(huì)模仿他們所見(jiàn)的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate調(diào)查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故選C。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的考查是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，解題時(shí)要區(qū)分清選擇項(xiàng)的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系句意進(jìn)行判斷，從而選出正確答案。考生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要注重動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的識(shí)記與掌握。三、2017年高考真題1. 【2017·天津卷】5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他們的女兒安頓下來(lái)，結(jié)婚生子。A. 安頓下來(lái)；B. 遠(yuǎn)離；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根據(jù)句意，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】辨析動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有捷徑，只有加強(qiáng)平時(shí)的記憶，包括動(dòng)詞本身的含義、一詞多義以及詞組的搭配，做題時(shí)要弄懂句意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系再進(jìn)行判斷。學(xué)生平時(shí)要特別注意這方面的積累。2.【2017·江蘇卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。A. shape塑造，決定的形成，影響的發(fā)展；B. switch轉(zhuǎn)變，交換，調(diào)班；C. stretch拉長(zhǎng)，拉緊，伸展，伸長(zhǎng)，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖銳，變得清晰。句意：快速回顧一年的成敗將會(huì)決定來(lái)年的發(fā)展。故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞的辨析3.【2017· 江蘇】25.Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。held out堅(jiān)持；提供機(jī)會(huì)；伸出手；B. brought out使顯現(xiàn)，闡明，出版；C.picked out使容易看見(jiàn)，找出精心挑選，認(rèn)出來(lái)；D. given out用完，停止運(yùn)行，分發(fā)，發(fā)出，公布。句意：在非洲同醫(yī)療隊(duì)一起工作已經(jīng)使她表現(xiàn)出了作為醫(yī)生最好的一面。這里取“使顯現(xiàn)”之意，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析 2016年高考真題 1.【2016·江蘇】25.He did noteasily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB.wrestleC.compromiseD.communicate【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。動(dòng)詞approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗爭(zhēng)，努力解決；compromise妥協(xié)；和解；讓步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥協(xié)，但是對(duì)于正義的事業(yè)，他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。 考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析2.【2016·江蘇】30.Many businesses started up by college students have_thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB.taken offC.turned offD.left off【答案】B【解析】試題分析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飛，成功，受歡迎；turn off關(guān)閉；leave off停止，中斷；根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。3.【2016·江蘇】33.Parents should actively urge their children to_the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查短語(yǔ)辨析。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)gain admission to 獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入；keep track of記錄；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母親應(yīng)該積極鼓勵(lì)孩子抓住機(jī)會(huì)參加體育活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。考點(diǎn)：考查短語(yǔ)辨析4.【2016·天津】8. Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she _ her opinion on the subject. A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：瑪麗在討論的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她說(shuō)出自己對(duì)這個(gè)話題的觀點(diǎn)。A.將說(shuō)出，透露，表明；B.注意，照看；C.對(duì).充耳不聞；D.踏上。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)都是固定搭配，不能僅僅看字面意思，應(yīng)該在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中注意累積這方面的詞匯，這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)有個(gè)特點(diǎn)，都含有一個(gè)人體部位的名詞，學(xué)生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，可以將短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)記憶。做題時(shí)找到關(guān)鍵詞和切入點(diǎn)，這道題的關(guān)鍵是opinion和選項(xiàng)中的voice。5.【2016·天津】12. Im going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. A. put B. make C. take D. give【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：我要利用這次旅行來(lái)探索這個(gè)城堡的歷史。短語(yǔ)take advantage of意為“利用”，其他選項(xiàng)不能和advantage of搭配。故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】對(duì)于動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題目，首先可以從句意著手，看懂句意是解答此類(lèi)題目的關(guān)鍵；其次，對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思也要了如指掌。這對(duì)于平時(shí)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)仔細(xì)度提出了要求，學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要勤積累，多記憶，多查字典，以便在考試時(shí)能夠迅速準(zhǔn)確解出答案，對(duì)于一些固定搭配也需要了如指掌。6.【2016·天津】14. I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to _ a conversation with her. A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：我討厭她在上班的時(shí)候給我打電話。我總是太忙了不能和她進(jìn)行談話。A.進(jìn)行；B.破門(mén)而入；C.拒絕，聲音調(diào)低；D.切斷。故選A?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】辨析動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有捷徑，只有加強(qiáng)平時(shí)的背誦，包括詞組本身的含義，一詞多義，以及詞組和動(dòng)詞的搭配，做題時(shí)別忘了弄懂句意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行判斷。學(xué)生平時(shí)要特別注意這方面的積累。7.【2016·浙江】8. We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _ us.A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon【答案】A【解析】句意：當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)讓我們的差異聯(lián)合起來(lái)而不是將我們分開(kāi)的時(shí)候，我們就會(huì)獲得很多。A.將分開(kāi)；B.拒絕，拒收；C.控制；D.放棄。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，故選A。考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】詞義辨析題在高考中有所涉及，每年的趨勢(shì)不盡相同。動(dòng)詞非常重要，它在句中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，掌握好動(dòng)詞非常關(guān)鍵，這也是高考試題中經(jīng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞的原因。本題要找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞unite，unite和divide是反義詞。這題要找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞unite，和divide是反義詞。8.【2016·浙江】12.When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt _from the world.A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up 【答案】C【解析】試題分析： 句意：當(dāng)孩子遠(yuǎn)離他們生活的時(shí)候，這些老人感覺(jué)和世界隔絕了。Carry away帶走，奪走；break down崩潰，破壞，拋錨，分解；cut off切斷；bring up養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)。故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是高考?？純?nèi)容。可以按照以下方法學(xué)習(xí)：1.在每個(gè)部分找出自己最熟悉或者最理解的短語(yǔ)，并根據(jù)該短語(yǔ)助記總體意思；2.熟記動(dòng)詞本身所具有的全部意思；3.重點(diǎn)根據(jù)小品詞在該項(xiàng)中的總體意思結(jié)合動(dòng)詞本身的意思，理解自己最不理解和不熟悉的短語(yǔ)4.脫離漢語(yǔ)，只看英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，并放到具體句子和場(chǎng)景中認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)5.注意有些短語(yǔ)意義很接近, 這要結(jié)合例句和上下文掌握它們的用法。9.【2016·浙江】14. When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that _my interest.A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：當(dāng)最后決定課程的時(shí)候到了，我決定申請(qǐng)能反映我興趣的課程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.寵壞。故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】對(duì)于動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題目，首先可以從句意著手，看懂句意是解答此類(lèi)題目的關(guān)鍵，其次四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思也要了如指掌。這對(duì)于平時(shí)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)仔細(xì)度提出了要求，學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要勤積累，多記憶，多查字典，以便在考試時(shí)能夠迅速準(zhǔn)確的答出，還有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌。Reflect意思較多，有：反射，反照; 表達(dá); 顯示; 折轉(zhuǎn)。平時(shí)記憶要準(zhǔn)確，全面。7