2022年高考英語二輪總復習 第1講 冠詞學案

2022年高考英語二輪總復習 第1講 冠詞學案1. Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. (xx浙江卷) A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 【答案及解析】1. D考查冠詞在語境中的用法。句意為“專家認為，最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫可能是畢加索的作品?！眛he painting特指最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫；a Picasso意為a Picasso's painting，泛指畢加索的一件作品，有one的含義。 2. Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body. (xx浙江卷) A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /【答案及解析】2. B句意：許多生活方式對人類的健康有害，他們加速了人類身體的衰退?！皩τ泻Α笔枪潭ǘ陶Z“do harm to”，名詞前無冠詞；之后的weakening是動詞加­ing形式，是一個抽象名詞，當表達一種概念、狀況時需要加上the。 3. I don't understand what the engineer means, but I've got _ rough idea of _ project plan. (xx浙江卷) A. the; a B. 不填； the C. the; 不填 D. a; the【答案及解析】3. D句意：我不明白那個工程師的意思，但我已大致了解了這個項目的計劃。have a rough idea是固定詞組，意為“大致了解”，而plan在本句中表示特指，故用定冠詞the。 定冠詞的基本用法 1. 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2. 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 3. 用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物之前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。4. 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right5. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級之前。如：the first, the tallest定冠詞的基本用法 6. 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded7. 用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前。如：the United States, the United Nations8. 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake9. 用于復數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如：the Smiths 10. 用于西洋樂器名詞前。如：play the piano, play the violin11. 用于發(fā)明物前。如：The pass was invented in China. 12. 用于年代名詞前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 13. 用于固定詞組中。如：in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the other hand, at the same time不定冠詞的基本用法 1. 泛指一個。如：There is a book on the table. 2. 指人或事物的某一種類。如：His father is a driver. 3. 指某一個人或事物，但不具體說明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 4. 用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day. 5. 表示同樣的。如：They are of an age.6. 表數(shù)量，相當于one，但語意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 7. 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. 8. 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry不用冠詞的情況：1. 表示總稱的復數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons. 2. 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：We are studying English. 3. 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如：I like this picture.I do not have any money.As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct. 4. 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most. 5. 稱呼語前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother?6. 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch?7. 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 不用冠詞的情況： 8. 球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 9. 在一些成對出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牽手); side by side(肩并肩); day and day(日日夜夜)；young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨門挨戶); from beginning to end(從頭到尾); from morning till night(從早到晚)等。 易錯易混點1. 抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可能會與a/an連用。如： a heavy rain一場大雨 a surprise一件怪事 a pleasure一件樂事 a success / failure一個成功的或失敗的人，一件成功的或失敗的事 2. 形容詞比較級前用the表示“兩者中較的”，而形容詞比較級前用a/an則表示“再/更”。 形容詞最高級前用the表示“三者或三者以上中最的”， 而形容詞最高級前用a/an時無比較含義。如： Which is the_larger country, Canada or Australia? If there were no exams, we should have a_much_happier_time at school. It is a_most_useful book. ( a very useful book) He is the_most_diligent_student in this class. 3. “the 序數(shù)詞”表示排序， “a/an 序數(shù)詞”則表示“再一、又一”之意。序數(shù)詞修飾動詞事實上已成為副詞，這時要用零冠詞。如： Can you give me a_second_chance,_please？(another chance) He was only 5 years old when I first saw him. 4. 表示世界上獨一無二的事物時一般用the修飾，但如果此類名詞已有修飾成分，也可能加a/an。如：all over the_world,_ a peaceful world。 5. “零冠詞 單數(shù)名詞 as/though 主語謂語”， 意為“雖然/盡管但是”。考生易犯帶上冠詞的錯誤。如： Hero as he is, he has some shortings. Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world. 6. 牢記高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：weather, fun, space, advice, word(置于句首相當于news), progress, information, news。以上這些詞不能與不定冠詞連用。如： Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.