2022年高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解推理判斷學(xué)案

2022年高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解推理判斷學(xué)案閱讀理解 專題二：推理判斷Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn't always easy. The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) persessionare quick to intellectualize (高談闊論), slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say one feels， or people think，” Lehanne told them. “Say I think，Think me”A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un­French. But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours, a fast­food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening. The city's “psychology cafes”， which offer great fort, are among the most popular places. Middle­aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed e to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they e to Lehanne's group just to learn to say what they feel. “There's a strong need in Paris for munication，” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she'd like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn't exist，” she says. “If life weren't a battle, people wouldn't need a special place just to speak.” But then, it wouldn't be France.32What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?ALearn a new subject. BKeep in touch with friends.CShow off their knowledge. DExpress their true feelings.33How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?AThey are less frequently visited.BThey stay open for longer hours.CThey have bigger night crowds.DThey start to serve fast food.34What are theme cafes expected to do?ACreate more jobs. BSupply better drinks.CSave the cafe business. DServe the neighborhood.35Why are psychology cafes being popular in Paris?AThey bring people true friendship.BThey give people spiritual support.CThey help people realize their dreams.DThey offer a platform for business links.根據(jù)提示將答案寫在橫線上。Step 1：瀏覽問題，速讀全文。本文介紹了_。Step 2：審題、解題。32_。考查_。根據(jù)第一段中的“Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings”一句表明the cafe La Chope的作用。33_。考查_。根據(jù)第二段可知，多年來，咖啡館受到人們生活方式變化的影響。由文中的“l(fā)onger working hours, a fast­food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home”可推知人們(現(xiàn)在)不經(jīng)常去咖啡館了。34_?？疾開。根據(jù)第二段第三句中的“It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes”可知，主題咖啡館的目的就是拯救日趨沒落的咖啡行業(yè)。35_。考查_。根據(jù)最后一段可知，“心理咖啡館”之所以變得受歡迎是因?yàn)樵谶@里舉辦討論活動(dòng)的心理學(xué)家能撫慰人們的心靈。文中的“People have few real friends. And they need to open up”暗示來這里的顧客需要精神支柱。Step 3：驗(yàn)證答案。認(rèn)真分析題干與選項(xiàng)以及與題干相關(guān)的信息，結(jié)合文章主題驗(yàn)證答案正確與否。技法點(diǎn)撥·突破高考題型概述TIXINGGAISHU推理判斷題考查學(xué)生根據(jù)字面意思，通過全面邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示、推敲作者的態(tài)度、理解文章寓義的能力。推理判斷題涉及到的可能是文中一句話或幾句話，甚至是文章或段落的主題。該類題型在閱讀理解中在近幾年高考中所占比例有上升的趨勢(shì)。1深層理解推理(1)What can be inferred from the passage?(2)It can be concluded from the passage that.(3)We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that.其中常包含infer, indicate, imply, suggest, assume, show, mean和conclude等詞。2文章出處推理(1)The passage would be found in/taken from/e from.(2)The passage is written for.3寫作意圖及態(tài)度傾向推理(1)The author of the passage aims to/intends for.(2)What's the author's attitude to.?根據(jù)以上幾種不同的命題方式推理判斷題分為以下幾種：深層理解推理、文章出處推理、寫作意圖及態(tài)度傾向推理，下面對(duì)各類型的解題策略進(jìn)行講解。1深層理解推理(1)定位與題目相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位信息。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位信息。(2)深層理解文中信息：文中信息是正確選項(xiàng)的依據(jù)，即正確選項(xiàng)源于文中信息，但又不是文中信息的全部，只是推斷的依據(jù)。(3)驗(yàn)證答案：正確選項(xiàng)與文中信息相關(guān)，但文中信息并未告之結(jié)論。正確選項(xiàng)必須不能脫離文章主題。典例1I never told my mother about my “miraculous (奇跡般的)” experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.49What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author has bee a successful writer.BThe author's mother read the same book.CThe author's mother rewarded him with books.DThe author has had happy summers ever since.2文章出處或讀者對(duì)象推理解答這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。如果沒有以上格式，就需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷。典例2When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn't pletely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long­term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.35This passage most likely es from _.Aa fishing guide Ba popular sales bookCa novel on childhood Da millionaire's biography3寫作意圖及態(tài)度傾向推理(1)在閱讀文章時(shí)，關(guān)注文章字里行間對(duì)人物情感及態(tài)度的描寫，揣測(cè)和體會(huì)修飾性詞語。(2)分析這些修飾性詞語，并特別注意作者在文中的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。典例3I'm gratefulto a point. The truth is, after years of balking, I've e to enjoy my walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole being into the here­and­now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.60What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?AOne should learn to enjoy hard times.BA disaster can change everything in life.CMoments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.DPeople will change their attitudes toward you when you are in difficulty.典例4My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I actually began to build up my arm muscles shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.24How does the author sound when telling the story?ACurious. BAnxious.CCautious. DHumorous.1原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論。(考生易誤選)2推理過渡的片面結(jié)論。3與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論等。4符合考生已有常識(shí)，但文章中沒有信息支持。(考生易誤選)