全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)《綜合教程》第一冊(cè)U.ppt

全新版 大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程 第一冊(cè)Unit8CopingWithaEducationalProblem I CulturalNotes1 U C L A UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles thelargestoftheeightbranchesoftheUniversityofCalifornia Itwasestablishedin1919andnowhasabout35 000students UCLAisknownespeciallyforitsfilmstudies 2 TheWealthofNations animportantworkofeconomicandsocialtheorybyAdamSmith aScottishphilosopherandeconomist publishedin1776 ItsfulltitlewasAnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations Initheanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenworkandtheproductionofanation swealth Hisconclusionwasthatthebesteconomicsituationresultsfromencouragingfreeenterprise aneconomicsysteminwhichthereisopencompetitioninbusinessandtrade andnogovernmentcontrol ThisideahashadagreatinfluenceoneconomictheoriessinceanditformedthebasisoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheConservativegovernmentinBritaininthe1980s LanguageStudy1 runoutof useuporfinishasupplyof sth Examples 1 Toourdisappointment ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome 2 Whentheyranoutoffood thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore 2 handful asmallnumber usedassingularnoun followedbyof Examples 1 You dbetterhurryup Ahandfulofpeoplearealreadywaitinginthehall 2 IhavetogiveuptheplanbecauseonlyahandfulofstudentsarewillingtospendtheNewYear sEveoncampus 3 inamazement withafeelingofgreatsurpriseordisbeliefExamples 1 AuntSophiagazedatherpictureinamazement shelookedlikeateenagegirlinit 2 Allthepeopleinthelecturehallstaredathiminamazementwhenhetalkedloudlywithhisfriend 4 upset make sb worryorfeelunhappy usu usedinthepattern beupsetby about Examples 1 Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak upoftheirparents marriage 2 Hewasupsetabouttheargumenthehadwithhiswife 5 ignorant knowinglittleornothing oftenusedinthephrase beignorantof about Examples 1 Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming 2 Shewasignorantofherhusband sillegalactivities Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim ignorancen 6 slice 1 apartofsth followedbyof Examples a Fictiontakesupalargesliceofthepublishingmarket b Thebosspromisedthateveryonewouldgetasliceoftheprofits 2 athinflatpiececutfromsth oftenusedwithof Examples a Trytoeatatleastfourslicesofbreadaday b Cuttheporkintothinslices 7 TheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsisonlyamemoryamongmanystudentsIsee ManystudentswhomIseedon thavetheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsanylonger ability powerorskilltodo make orthink talent followedbyinfinitiveto Examples Weelectedhimmonitorbecausehehadtheabilitytobringoutthebestinothers Helosttheabilitytowalkafteracaraccident 8 sumup giveabriefsummary ofsth Examples 1 AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword Terrible 2 Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass 3 Wediscussedtheproposedchangesformostofthemeeting Thechairmanonlytookafewmomentsattheendtosumup petewith against trytobebetterthan sb else usedinthepattern competewith againstsb forsth Examples 1 Morethan2 300candidatesfrom93politicalpartiesarecompetingfor486seats 2 Wearehavingtocompetewiththreeotherdepartmentsforthefund 3 Theyfoundthemselvescompetingwithforeigncountriesforashareofthemarket 10 humancapital Herehumancapitalreferstopeople sknowledgeandskills 11 accumulate collect orgathertogether esp overaperiodoftimeExamples 1 Ihaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears 2 Whilewewereawayonvacation alotoflettersaccumulatedinourmailbox 12 affect haveaninfluenceonExamples 1 The20thcenturywasfullofinventionsthathaveaffectedthewaywelive 2 Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought 3 TheAsianfinancialcrisisdidn taffectournationaleconomy 13 function operate actExamples 1 Whenthecameraisfunctioningproperlythegreenlightcomeson 2 Athensfunctionedasacenteroftradeinthethirteenthcentury 14 idle lazy notdoinganythingExamples Mostofthemenwereidleduringthedepression Sheissoidle wecannevergethertodoanything 15 jam getstuckExamples 1 ThelockjammedandIcouldn topenit 2 Thetape recorderjammedandtheteacherhadtoreadthestorytotheclassbyherself jamn trafficjams16 breakdown stopworking fall collapseExamples 1 Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown 2 Ihaveaccumulatedsomanydirtyclothessincemywashingmachinebrokedownlastweek 3 Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement 17 drivehome make sth clearsothatpeopleunderstandit usedinthepattern drivesth home tosb Examples 1 Wemustdrivehometothemwherethedifficultieslie 2 Peterwaslazy Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork 18 humble 1 notproud modestExamples Hethankedusagainwithahumblesmile Frankstrikesmeasaveryhumbleperson 2 lowinimportance status orconditionExamples Michaelstartedhiscareerasahumblefisherman LacoccarosefromhumblebeginningstobecomebossofFord 19 suggestion sth suggested oftenfollowedbyof for that clause Examples 1 Theoldmanfollowedthedoctor ssuggestionofastrolltotherivereveryday 2 Ihavelotsofsuggestionsforthepark sfuture Notethatinthethat clauseafter suggestion thesubjunctivemoodshouldbeused Example Theydidn tlikemysuggestionthatshesharetheroomwithherclassmate 20 portable lightandsmallenoughtobeeasilycarriedormovedExamples 1 ProfessorSmithalwayscarriesaportablecomputerwithhim 2 Istillrememberthatmyparentsboughtmeaportableradioatmy20thbirthday 21 searchfor lookforExamples 1 ManyplanesandshipsweresenttosearchtheSouthSeaforthemissingChinesepilot 2 Thepoliceweresearchingtheyardforclues 22 luxury 1 sth expensivewhichisnotnecessarybutwhichgivesyoupleasure usedasacountablenoun Examples Aweekbytheseaisaluxurytheycannolongerafford Houseswithswimmingpoolsarestillaluxuryinmanypartsofthecountry 2 verygreatcomfort esp amongbeautifulandexpensivesurrounding usedasanuncountablenoun Examples Shewasbroughtupinanatmosphereofluxuryandwealth Hetookoverhisfather scompanyandledalifeofluxury luxuriousadj 23 betteroff richerthanyouwerebefore morecomfortableExamples Today sfarmersarebetteroffthantheyusedtobe It sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon t 24 scared frightened oftenfollowedbyof to that clause Examples Whenshesawasnakeonthefloor theladywastooscaredtomove Ihavealwaysbeenscaredofdogs Alexwasscaredthathisclassmatesmighttelltheteacherhebrokethewindow 25 wakeup stopsleepingExamples ThismorningIwokeupwithaterribleheadache Stewartwokemeupwithhiscoughing 26 andgovernmentoffersnoservicestotheworkingclass Here services plex notsimpleExamples 1 Theproblemwassocomplexthattherewouldbenoeasysolution 2 WhenIvisitedShanghaiforthefirsttimeIgotlostintherathercomplexnetworkofroads 28 adequate enough oftenfollowedbyinfinitivetoorfor Examples 1 Myparentsarepreparedtooffermeanamountofmoneyadequatetopurchaseanapartment 2 HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob 29 decline agradualdecreaseinthequality quantity orimportanceofsth followedbyin Examples 1 Thefirstsignsofeconomicdeclinebecamevisibleinthatregion 2 Somepeopleareworriedthattherewillbeagreatdeclineinthestockmarket Phrases indecline onthedecline graduallydecreasinginimportance quality orpowerExamples 1 ThebirthrateinChinaisonthedecline 2 Heisstilloneoftheworld smostpopularsoccerplayers buthisfameisindecline 3 Classattendanceisindeclinerecently 30 acquire getExamples I vemanagedtoacquireacopyofthereport J P Gettyacquiredafortuneinbusiness 31 astonish surpriseverymuch amazeExamples Herdevotiontostudentsalwaysastonishesus Dianaastonishedherfamilybywinningthreecompetitionsinarow 32 swear makeaseriouspromiseabout oftenfollowedbyinfinitivetoorthat clause Examples ThewitnesssworeontheBibletotellthewholetruthandnothingbutthetruth Hesworethathewouldneverlie 33 makealivingby earnmoneyby doingsth Examples Manyfarmersinthisareamakeagoodlivingbygrowingflowers Hemakesalivingbywriting 34 miracle anamazingorwonderfulevent esp sth thathappensunexpectedlyExamples Itisamiraclethatnoonewaskilledintheearthquake Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm 35 faculty mentalandphysicalabilitiesExamples Heis90yearsoldbutstillhasmostofhisfaculties Itisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople KeytoTranslationExerciseThismorningIheardaninterestingpieceofnewsovermyportableradio Amanof36andhissonof10attendthesameclasscompetingwitheachotherforhighmarks Thestorygoes It slikethis Theman LiWeibyname wastooidletolearnanythingwhenyoung Withlittleeducation withnousefulskills hecouldhardlyearnanadequatelivingwage Hislifeexperiencesdrovehometohimthepointthathehadtoacquireknowledgebeforehewasabletoaccumulatewealth SoLiWeisworethathewouldgotoschoolwithhisson determinedtolearn