2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 介詞學(xué)案

課題名稱二輪復(fù)習(xí) 介詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：復(fù)習(xí)介詞短語在句中可作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：介詞短語的應(yīng)用主要介詞區(qū)別1表示時(shí)間的at，in，on：at表示片刻的時(shí)間，如：at 8 a.m. 常用詞組有：at dawn, at noon，at night，at midnight，at the end of，at that time， at Christmas，at New Year等。in表示一段的時(shí)間，如：in the morning/afternoon/evening，in October，in 1998，in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on指特定的日子，時(shí)間：on Monday，on Christmas Eve, on May Day，on a warm morning, on September 12, on that day等。2表示時(shí)間的since和from：since “自從以來”，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。from “自起”，一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./We have not seen each other since 19953表示時(shí)間的in和after：in+時(shí)間段，一般用于將來時(shí)。如：We' II be back in three days.after+時(shí)間段，一般用于過去時(shí)。如： After two months he returned.注意：after+時(shí)間點(diǎn),可用于過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如：After seven the rain began to fall. / What shall we do after graduation?4表示方位的in，on，to：in表示 “在內(nèi)”， Beijing is in the north of China.on指 “與接壤，在河/江畔”， Korea lies on the east of Chinato指在境外某方向，只強(qiáng)調(diào)方向Japan lies to the east of China5表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，如：There is a book on the piece of paper.in表示占去某物一部分，如： There is an interesting article in the newspaper. / He dug a hole in the wall.6表示“穿過”的through, over和across：through 指在內(nèi)部穿過，across則指在表面上的橫穿，over指在上方過去，跨越。如：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.7In the end，at the end of，by the end ofin the end意為“最后”、“終于”； 如： In the end they reached a place of safetyat the end of表示“在末梢”，“到盡頭”，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體；如：At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.by the end of作“到末為止”解，只能指時(shí)間，如：By the end of last month he had finished the novel.8between，among：between一般表示兩者之間。如：You are to sit between your father and meamong用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：. The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd.注意：有時(shí)雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，仍用between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在談事物間的差別時(shí)，總是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley9besides，except，but，except for：besides指“除了還有”。如：Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith；except指“除外”，不能放在句首。如：We go to school every day except Sundaybut與except意思相近, 常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything ,no等詞和其他疑問詞后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing? except for表示“如無就，只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.10表示用工具和手段的by, in, with：by表用工具(by train / land / hand / email)或手段(by reading)，其后的名詞前不帶冠詞；with表用工具(with a pencil / our eyes)，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞修飾；in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等(in pencil/English/a low voice)11as，like：as指身份、資格，意為“作為”。 如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事實(shí)是父親)like作“象一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father(事實(shí)上不是父親)。12as, with都有“隨著”之意。as為連詞，后接從句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worsewith為介詞，后接名詞或代詞。. 如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、 介詞比較精練，用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.1) _ the night of May 4th, my good friend left for Canada.2) _ night you can see the stars twinkle in the sky.3) _ Sunday morning/a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise.4) _ the morning she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.5) _ the 1970s we had a hard time.2.1) Kate is writing _ a friend of hers.2) Kate is writing _ a piece of paper.3) Kate is writing _ blue ink.4) Kate is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard.5) Kate is writing a letter _ an old man who cant write.3.1) We all passed the exam _ the end.2) We had finished learning five books _ the end of last term.3) We will hold a party _ the end of this term.4.1) The apples _ the tree are ripe.2) The birds _ the tree are singing merrily.3) There is a map of China _ the back wall.4) There is a small hole _ the wall.5.1) China lies _ the west of Japan.2) Canada lies _ the north of the USA.3) Canada lies _ the north of North America.6.1) He can do everything _ cooking.2) He can speak two other languages _ English.3) He did nothing _ watch TV all day.4) The road was empty _ _ several cars at that time.7.1) The man tried to walk _ the big rock.2) The man walked _ the road and got on a bus.3) The man saw some beautiful birds when walking _ the woods.8.1) There is no secret _ you and me.2) You are the tallest _ my friends.3) There is a break _ classes.9.1) _ time passed, things seemed to get worse.2) _ time going by, he knows more and more.10.1) He will leave for Korea _ three days.2) He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.3) He will be back _ 3 p.m.4) He has lived in Paris _ three years ago.5) It kept raining heavily _ Monday _ Wednesday.二、 精典考題1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair.A. on          B. off         C. into              D. to2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door.A. for B. by C. across D. out3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men.A. under B. with C. on D. by4. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and_the point.A. at B. on C. to D. of5 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success.A. to B. for C. as D. by6.（2020;2020陜西，19）Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams.A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon7.（2020;2020上海，25）The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands.A. with B. on C. in D. to