2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)案

課題名稱二輪復(fù)習(xí)-非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1 分類2 各自在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种攸c(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：1做狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語的區(qū)分2非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的正確選擇參考資料： 創(chuàng)新教程217-219，233-235，248-2491非謂語動(dòng)詞在類別上大致可分為三類?！镜谝活悺浚骸癷ng”類型，在語態(tài)上,“ing”分詞表主動(dòng)。在時(shí)態(tài)上，分為一般式和完成式?？键c(diǎn)解析：非謂語動(dòng)詞“ing”類，考簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)，可以直接考語態(tài)，也就是考察學(xué)生對(duì)事或物與動(dòng)作之間主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系的理解。如1. In April, 2020;2020, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,    the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.A. marking                       B. marked                  C. having marked    D. being marked解析：這道題主要考察了非謂語動(dòng)詞中的語態(tài)問題。顯然President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao與mark應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以這里用marking the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.在句中作結(jié)果狀語。所以選A。當(dāng)然，也可以將時(shí)態(tài)的考察放進(jìn)去。例如，04年江蘇卷2.The old man,    abroad for twenty years , is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work            B. working            C. to have work      D .having worked解析：此句用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，注意for twenty years，所以應(yīng)該用分詞的完成式。故選D。【注意】：分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能作狀語。但是非限制性后置定語則可用分詞的完成式?！練w納總結(jié)】：一看語態(tài)，二看時(shí)態(tài)，三注意語法上的限制?！镜诙悺浚骸癳d”類型，在語態(tài)上表被動(dòng)。在時(shí)態(tài)上，一般只有一般式?？键c(diǎn)解析：“ed”類型在語態(tài)上的考察與“ing”類是一樣的，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)的辨別力，但有所不同的是在時(shí)態(tài)上，“ed”類型的非謂語動(dòng)詞在作狀語時(shí)一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后，只說明原因條件等，但這不是絕對(duì)的，有時(shí)題目中會(huì)有明顯的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，我們就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化。例如，09年北京卷第34題3. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten     B. Bitten     C. Having bitten    D. To be bitten解析：此題中，postman與bite應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其次考慮時(shí)態(tài)，顯然這里是作狀語表原因，并且也沒有很明確的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，所以用bitten就可以了。所以選B。但也不是絕對(duì)的，例如我們可以說Having been told several times, he couldnt understand what I meant. 也可以說Told several times ,he couldnt understand what I meant.一般題目不會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，如果出現(xiàn)，就要觀察句意是否著重強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的先后。例如，Being used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you.這句中就著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了所處的時(shí)間段“now”，所以the bike cant be lent to you！【歸納總結(jié)】：一看語態(tài)，二看時(shí)態(tài)，仔細(xì)斟酌?！镜谌悺浚骸癷nf”類型，不定式的考察主要聚焦在它在句中所作的成分以及所對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的理解。時(shí)態(tài)上，不定時(shí)有一般式（與謂語動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生），完成式（先于謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生），和進(jìn)行式（在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。如，4. _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing    B. Having completed   C. To have completed D. To complete解析：此題考察了不定式在句中作目的狀語，由題意可知complete應(yīng)在work之后，所以只需用一般式就可以了。所以選D.5 5 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A sail        B. to sail             C. to be sailing        D. to have sailed解析：很顯然，sail 應(yīng)該在imagine之前就發(fā)生了，所以選D.同時(shí)在動(dòng)詞不定式的考察中還會(huì)涉及到一些小的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)歸納如下1.“only+動(dòng)詞不定式”常表示未預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，令人失望的結(jié)果。2.動(dòng)詞接不定式或ing形式意義不同，例如forget to do 和forget doing，regret to do 和regret doing 等等。3.分詞作狀語時(shí)，注意動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語與主句中的主語是否一致4. 注意動(dòng)詞不定式在句中的成分，一般動(dòng)詞不定式可以作主語、定語、狀語、賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等等，理解其成分有助于解題。5 .have letmake 使役動(dòng)詞，notice、observe, see, observe等后接sb+do.【歸納總結(jié)】：把握題意，關(guān)注時(shí)態(tài)，注意語法細(xì)節(jié)。非謂語動(dòng)詞除了時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)上要注意，它們各自在句中的成分分析也不容忽視，這往往也是解題的關(guān)鍵。一、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)的考察】(07安徽)6.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _his advice!A. to take         B .taking        C .not to take       D. not taking解析：regret doing 意為后悔做過某事，顯然這里成立,taking his advice在句中作regret 的賓語，not直接加在前面就可以了。二、【對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的考察】(07湖南)7.Things _never come again! I couldnt help talking to myself!A. lost           B. losing         C. to lose          D. have lost解析：對(duì)句意的分析可知，此處應(yīng)用lost作后置定語來修飾things.所以選A.三、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語的考察】(09江西)8. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.A. Giving     B. Having given     C. To give       D. Given解析：本題考查了不定式作原因狀語。Give 與 soccer players應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選D.四、【對(duì)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語的考察】（07全國(guó)）9.I smell something _in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning       B. burnt        C. being burnt     D. to be burnt解析：本題考察分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語something與補(bǔ)足語burn應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A.【注意】：謂語動(dòng)詞hope, agree等不能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。經(jīng)典高考題1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost2. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating3. The Olympic Games, _ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4. I would love _to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading7. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make9. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects10. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep11. Tony was very unhappy for _to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invited12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out13. I really appreciate _to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told15. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed16. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _the problem is to meet the demand _by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made17. The research is so designed that once _nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18. Generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.（副作用）A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken19. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating22. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry23. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completedD. Having not completed24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing25. The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned27. He looked around and caught a man _his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting28. This company was the first _portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced29. _with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing30. The storm left, _a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused31（09安徽）The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the _ local cultureAproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced32(09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow33（09福建） _not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded34（09海南）Now that we're discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take35（09湖南） Every evening after dinner, if not _ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired36(09江蘇) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _reduce unemployment pressures.A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped37（09江西） The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced38(09天津) _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged39（09四川） _ many times , he finally understood it.A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told40（09浙江）_ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired