廣東省中山市重點(diǎn)高中2020屆高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題演練 名詞01

名詞專題演練一 1． “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted, with ________ clearly in her voice. A. anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：“湯米，快跑！快點(diǎn)兒！房子著火了！”媽媽大喊，嗓音中明顯帶著恐慌。A項(xiàng)意為“怒氣”；B項(xiàng)意為“粗魯”；C項(xiàng)意為“遺憾”；D項(xiàng)意為“恐慌”。根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)所處環(huán)境可知媽媽?xiě)?yīng)該是驚慌失措。 [答案]D 2．There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：我們辦公室有一個(gè)慣例，當(dāng)有人過(guò)生日時(shí)，他們要帶來(lái)一個(gè)蛋糕供我們大家分享。tradition 慣例，傳統(tǒng)；balance 平衡；concern 關(guān)心；relationship 關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]A 3．The lack of eco­friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________ of global climate change. A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：公眾中缺乏不損害生態(tài)環(huán)境的習(xí)慣被認(rèn)為是全球氣候變化的一個(gè)主要原因。result 結(jié)果；cause 起因；warning 警告，告誡；reflection 反映。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 4．What's the ________， in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn't make an effort to help himself? A. sympathy B. theme C. object D. point [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：如果他自己都不努力幫助他自己，你認(rèn)為幫助他有什么意義呢？sympathy 同情，憐憫；theme 主題；object 對(duì)象；目標(biāo)；物體；point 意義，目的。故答案為D。 [答案]D 5．Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children's ________. A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：一定要記住，把那些像刀子一類危險(xiǎn)的東西放在孩子夠不著的地方。out of one's reach 為常用短語(yǔ)，意為“在某人夠不著的地方”。 [答案]C 6． Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence [解析]本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：老師得經(jīng)常更新他們的知識(shí)以保持他們的專業(yè)能力。consequence結(jié)果，后果；independence 獨(dú)立；competence 能力；intelligence 智力。由句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]C 7．Giving up my job to go back to full­time education was a big ________， but now I know it was the best decision I have ever made. A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition [解析]本題考查名詞辨析。句意：放棄工作再回到全日制教育中去是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)，但是現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，那是我做出的最好的決定。A項(xiàng)意為“工程”；B項(xiàng)意為“重?fù)?dān)，義務(wù)”；C項(xiàng)意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；D項(xiàng)意為“野心”。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，一個(gè)不容易做的事情常被看作是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，一項(xiàng)難以完成的任務(wù)或一份重?fù)?dān)。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。 [答案]B 8．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ________. A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization [解析]句意：這位醫(yī)生在治療心臟病方面技術(shù)高超而且從不接受病人的禮物，因此他有很好的聲譽(yù)。本題考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)表示“期待；預(yù)料”；B項(xiàng)表示“名聲，聲望”，have a good reputation 為固定搭配，意為“享有很好的聲譽(yù)”；C項(xiàng)表示“貢獻(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)表示“文明”。根據(jù)句意選B。 [答案]B 9．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________. A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D. measure [解析]句意：自從薩拉長(zhǎng)大我就沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她，她已經(jīng)變得認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。A項(xiàng)表示“聽(tīng)力”；B項(xiàng)表示“力量，力氣”；C項(xiàng)表示“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)表示“測(cè)量，度量，尺寸”。根據(jù)句意選C。 [答案]C 10．This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A. circle B. range C. area D. division [解析]句意：由于食物范圍廣，適合各種口味和收入水平(的人)，因此這家餐館很受歡迎。division 劃分，區(qū)分；area 面積，地面；range 范圍；circle 圓，圈子。 [答案]B 11．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________. A. solution B. target C. measure D. function [解析]句意：學(xué)校顧問(wèn)幫你談?wù)撃愕膯?wèn)題，但他們沒(méi)給你任何直接的解決問(wèn)題的辦法。solution 解決辦法；target 目標(biāo)；measure 尺寸；衡量；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；function 功能，作用。 [答案]A 12．James took the magazines off the little table to make ________ for the television. A. room B. area C. field D. position [解析]句意：詹姆士從小桌上拿下雜志，給電視讓出了空地兒。make room for 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“為……騰地方”。room 此處為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“空間，地方”。 [答案]A 13．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ for the homeless families. A. occupation B. furniture C. equipment D. accommodation [解析]句意：地震過(guò)后當(dāng)?shù)卣龅牡谝患率菫槭ゼ覉@的人提供食宿。accommodation 膳宿，食宿；occupation 占領(lǐng)；職業(yè)；equipment 設(shè)施；furniture 家具，由句意知D項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]D 14． Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year. A. average B. number C. amount D. quantity [解析]句意：去年拿到駕照的學(xué)員數(shù)量達(dá)到了20萬(wàn)，平均每年4萬(wàn)。an average of“……的平均數(shù)”，符合句意。a number of 許多，大量；an amount of 許多，大量；a quantity of 許多，大量。 [答案]A 15．Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter [解析]句意：那些頭痛患者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能通過(guò)這種藥減輕疼痛。relief 緩解，減輕；safety 安全；defense 保護(hù)，防御；shelter 保護(hù)，庇護(hù)。由句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]A 16． I'm trying to break the ________ of getting up too late. A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure [解析]句意：我正努力改掉晚起的習(xí)慣。tradition 風(fēng)俗信仰的傳承；傳統(tǒng)；convenience 方便，便利；habit 習(xí)慣；leisure 休閑。break the habit of“改掉……的習(xí)慣”，為固定搭配，故C項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]C 17．—He says that my new car is a ________ of money. —Don't you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste [解析]句意：—他說(shuō)我新買的小汽車是浪費(fèi)錢。—難道你不認(rèn)為那是吃不到葡萄說(shuō)葡萄酸嗎？ lack 缺乏；load 負(fù)荷；question 問(wèn)題；waste 浪費(fèi)。a waste of“浪費(fèi)”，是固定搭配，故D項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]D 18．From their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation [解析]句意：從他們?cè)陔娨曀數(shù)奈恢?，游客們可以更好地看到這個(gè)城市。stage 階段；舞臺(tái)；position 位置；地位；姿勢(shì)；condition 條件，環(huán)境，情形；situation 形勢(shì)，環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 19． The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any ________ when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2020. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration [解析]句意：2020年4月當(dāng)H1N1病毒在墨西哥爆發(fā)時(shí)，世界衛(wèi)生組織立即向公眾發(fā)出了警告。without delay(＝immediately) 立即，毫不延遲地，符合句意。effort 努力；schedule 時(shí)間表，計(jì)劃(表)；consideration 考慮。 [答案]A 20．Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character [解析]句意：獨(dú)自徒步旅行會(huì)很有趣并且有益于健康，或許對(duì)性格的培養(yǎng)也有好處。respect 尊重，愛(ài)戴；friendship 友誼；reputation 名譽(yù)，榮譽(yù)，聲望；character 性格，品格，品質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)，特性。character building“性格培養(yǎng)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]D 21． China has got a good ________ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge [解析]句意：在抗擊流感方面，中國(guó)以認(rèn)真和暢通的組織工作而獲得良好的聲譽(yù)。reputation 聲譽(yù)；influence 影響；impression 印象；knowledge 知識(shí)。根據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]A 22．In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ________ for everyone to stand up. A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure [解析]句意：在我們的課堂上，鈴聲響起，老師合上書(shū)就是我們要起立的信號(hào)。signal 信號(hào)；導(dǎo)火線，符合句意。chance 機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣；mark 分?jǐn)?shù)；標(biāo)志；measure 措施，辦法；尺寸。 [答案]A 23． The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach [解析]句意：設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目的是讓學(xué)生迅速、方便地使用圖書(shū)館的數(shù)字資源。access to 是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“有權(quán)使用；有機(jī)會(huì)接近”。passage 通道，通路，與 through 連用；way 表示去某地的路；approach 通道，辦法，途徑，與 to 連用。 [答案]A 24．Dogs have a very good ________ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. A. sense B. view C. means D. idea [解析]句意：狗有很好的嗅覺(jué)，常常用于搜尋地震中的幸存者。sense“感官，感覺(jué)”，如：a sense of smell/hearing/taste/touch“嗅/聽(tīng)/味/觸覺(jué)”。view 觀點(diǎn)，看法；means，方法；idea 主意，想法。 [答案]A 25．What's the ________ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion [解析]句意：擁有這樣一個(gè)公共場(chǎng)所，你不可以吃喝，甚至不可以走動(dòng)，有什么意義呢？ sense 意義；matter 問(wèn)題；case 情況，狀況；opinion 觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意選A項(xiàng)。 [答案]A 26． I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ________. A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business [解析]句意：我只花了10美元就買了一條裙子，真劃算。exchange 互換；bargain 便宜貨，廉價(jià)貨；trade 貿(mào)易；business 生意。根據(jù)題意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 27．The young man made a ________ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution [解析]句意：這個(gè)年輕人向他的父母作出承諾畢業(yè)后將會(huì)自謀生計(jì)。prediction 預(yù)測(cè)；promise 承諾；plan 計(jì)劃；contribution 貢獻(xiàn)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與 make 搭配，make a promise“許愿，承諾”，根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 28． The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ________. A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon [解析]句意：兩個(gè)國(guó)家的高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氣氛中舉行了會(huì)談。atmosphere 氛圍；state 狀態(tài)；situation 情形；phenomenon 現(xiàn)象。 [答案]A 29．The ________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into______ car. A. girl's; Tom's B. girl's; Toms' C. girls'; Tom's D. girls'; Toms' [解析]句意：那些女孩的鞋子沾滿了泥巴，因此在上湯姆的車之前我讓她們把鞋子脫掉。由后文的 them 可知，此處的 girl 應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此其所有格形式應(yīng)該是 girls'，而名詞 Tom 的所有格是直接在其后加's即可。 [答案]C 30．—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? —No, it's out of ________. A. distance B. range C. control D. reach [解析]本題考查名詞的固定搭配。out of range 在射程外；out of control 失去控制；out of reach 夠不著；distance 不與 out of 搭配。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“鳥(niǎo)在射程之外”，故B項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 31． To the great ________ of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases. A. relaxation B. disappointment C. relief D. surprise [解析]to the great disappointment of sb.令某人大為失望的是；to the great relief of sb.令某人大為寬慰的是；to the great surprise of sb.令某人大為吃驚的是；無(wú) to the great relaxation 的搭配。由句意可知，此處表示“令市民大為寬慰的是”，故C項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]C 32． To their disappointment, Dr Wang gave a speech about the economy without even a passing ________ to the problem of unemployment. A．connection B．a(chǎn)ppointment C．reference D．exploration [解析]reference 提及，參考。句意：使他們失望的是，王博士做了關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的演講卻對(duì)失業(yè)問(wèn)題只字未提。connection 聯(lián)系；appointment 約會(huì)；exploration 探索。 [答案]C 33．We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should go in ________. A．company B．sympathy C．a(chǎn)ssociation D．harmony [解析]in harmony 和諧地。句意：我們應(yīng)牢記社會(huì)的發(fā)展應(yīng)該和大自然的平衡和諧。company 陪伴；sympathy 同情；association 聯(lián)系。 [答案]D 34．The speech that Mr Smith made today gave a strong ________ on the students. A. expression B. expectation C. reputation D. impression [解析]expression 表情，表達(dá)；expectation 期望，盼望；reputation 名聲；impression 印象，give an impression on sb.“給某人留下印象”，為固定搭配，故D項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]D 35．Eat less and take more exercise or you'll be out of ________. A. order B. shape C. weight D. balance [解析]out of order 出毛病了，壞了；out of shape 健康狀況不佳；變形；weight 不與 out of 搭配；out of balance 失去平衡。由句意“少吃點(diǎn)，多鍛煉，要不然，你的身體就不好了?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 36．When advised dieting, Marsha would say, “What's the ________ in working so hard to lose weight, only to gain it all back again？” A. concern B. matter C. effect D. point [解析]concern 關(guān)心，擔(dān)心；matter事物；問(wèn)題；effect 后果，影響；point 意義，what's the point in doing sth.？為固定句式，意為“干某事有什么意義”，故選D。 [答案]D 37．You should take ________ of this opportunity and try to make a good impression on them. A. care B. advantage C. charge D. panic [解析]本題考查名詞的固定搭配。take care of 照顧，照料；take advantage of 利用；take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)，主管；panic 不與 take 搭配。由句意“你應(yīng)該利用這次機(jī)會(huì)給他們留下個(gè)好印象?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]B 38．I've read the letter twice, but I can't make any ________ of it at all. A. sense B. meaning C. explanation D. idea [解析]本題考查名詞的固定搭配。make sense of“了解……的含義”，符合句意。句意：這封信我讀了兩遍了，但我一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)讀懂。 [答案]A 39．Scientists have been worried for years about the ________ of air pollution on the earth's natural conditions. A. effect B. reason C. account D. cause [解析]解題關(guān)鍵是題干中的介詞 on，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 effect 與介詞 on 搭配，意為“對(duì)……的影響”。句意：關(guān)于空氣污染對(duì)地球自然條件的影響，科學(xué)家們已擔(dān)心多年了。 [答案]A 40． A dog's________to his master deserves to be respected. A. devotion B. principle C. identity D. guidance [解析]devotion, 忠實(shí)，熱愛(ài)；principle, 原則，準(zhǔn)則；道德操守；identity，身份；guidance, 指導(dǎo)。由句意“狗對(duì)主人的忠心值得尊敬?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。 [答案]A