廣東省天河區(qū)2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法精講精煉 省略句

省略句精講精煉核心考核要點(diǎn)解讀在高考試題中對(duì)于省略的考查常體現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句的省略、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略以及交際用語中一些習(xí)慣性的省略中。重要知識(shí)要點(diǎn)突破省略和替代一樣，也是一種避免重復(fù)、突出關(guān)鍵詞語并使上下文緊密連接的語法手段。只要不損害語法結(jié)構(gòu)或產(chǎn)生歧義，能省略就應(yīng)省略。尤其在對(duì)話中，它是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)樗兄谡Z言上的簡(jiǎn)潔。1.可省略主語和謂語。A word about your composition.我現(xiàn)在談一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say.)Though tired，he was not disheartened.他雖然累了，但沒有泄氣。(省略了he was.)Got a light?有火嗎？(句首省略了Have you.)2.可省去從句。You have done better this time.這一次你做得好些了。(省去從句than you did before)Oh，that reminds me.噢，這使我想起了一件事。(me之后省去了that從句，其內(nèi)容由具體情況而定)3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的謂語動(dòng)詞。Jack didnt pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克沒有通過駕駛證考試，但他仍希望能通過。4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定與否定。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你認(rèn)為周末會(huì)下雨嗎？I believe not/I believe so.我想不會(huì)/我想會(huì)的。(即I dont believe its going to rain)5.根據(jù)不同語境可省略不同成分。如：only if，If only，what so ever， in case6.特殊疑問句的省略。Where to?去哪里？(=Where are you going to?)What for?為什么？(例如：What do you come here for?你來這里干什么？)Why not do it?為什么不做那件事呢？(=Why dont you do it?)How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么樣？Whats on tonight?今晚上映什么？Whats up?發(fā)生什么事了？【考點(diǎn)詮釋】省略是為了使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔，同時(shí)又不影響句子意義的表達(dá)。因此，省略的部分常?？梢詮木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)本身或句子所處的語境中可以明確領(lǐng)會(huì)其成分。如：You are as tall as he (is).When (you are) in Rome,do as the Romans do.1.比較從句中的省略I love classic music more than (I like)rock and roll.He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.2.在時(shí)間狀語和條件狀語從句中的省略While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.3.在其他狀語從句中的省略I wont go there unless (I am) invited. Things have turned out just as (they were) expected. How beautiful ( it is)!4.在并列從句中的省略The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 5.命令和請(qǐng)求No talking！Silent, everybody!6.特定問題的回答Where have you been?(Ive been) Out.Have you been waiting long?(Ive been waiting for) About an hour.7.簡(jiǎn)略的提問句Tom, go and water the flowers.Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?典型例題：1._for the rain,the construction work would have been faster.A. If it were notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If it hasnt答案：C解析：省略if時(shí)，虛擬條件從句人要倒裝。2.The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than_.A. ours B. those of oursC. it had for oursD. it did for us答案：D解析：這句話也可以省略為the purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than for us.其中had是has的過去式。3.Dont forget to post the letter for me on your way._.A. I dont B. I wontC. I cant D. I havent4.Mary had a wonderful time at the party._, and so did I.A. So she had B. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she答案：C解析：So she did 是省略加強(qiáng)調(diào)。原句應(yīng)該是She did have a wonderful time.她的確玩得很開心。5. _ we move the couch over there. Dont you think the room will look larger?A. What about B. What ifC. How far D. How come答案：B解析：What if在這里相當(dāng)于是What will the room look like if we move the couch的省略句。what about 后面要用動(dòng)名詞；how come怎么會(huì)。6.I hear that Tom was writing a book last year and he still_ .A. does B. isC. has D. was7.John plays football_, if not better than, David. A. so well B. so well asC. as well D. as well as答案：D解析：省略句。John plays football as well as (David), if not better than David.8.Land to the east of Ural is called Asia; land to the west_ Europe.A. / B. isC. calledD. calls答案：A解析：省略句。Land to the west (is called) Europe.【2020高考模擬試題精講精煉】1. Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個(gè)“it is that”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”結(jié)構(gòu)。2.I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.Adid the local government care forBthe local government cared forCdid the local government care aboutDthe local government cared about【答案】C【解析】考查倒裝和短語辨析。否定詞little為否定副詞，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B和D。care for喜歡，care about在乎。答語句意為：我也很震驚，當(dāng)?shù)卣苌僭谝庳毨和陌踩?. _ at the news that her eyes rained tears.A. So was Rebecca sad B. So sad was RebeccaC. So sad Rebecca was D. Was Rebecca so sad【答案】B【解析】考查倒裝?！皊othat”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 和形容詞提前，后面要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。4. Not only _ a promise ,but she also kept it.A. did she makeB.she madeC. does she makeD. had she made【答案】A【解析】考查倒裝句式。 Not only提前，用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：他不僅許下了諾言，而且還堅(jiān)守了諾言。5. Nowhere else, as his mother told us, _ except the cabin in the backyard.A. did he go B. he did goC. went he D. he went【答案】A【解析】 考查倒裝。nowhere【意思是：沒有一個(gè)地方】表示否定意義的副詞位于句首要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。6.Do you still believe in love?Absolutely. It is not time, money, power or whatever but love cures our pain.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat【答案】C【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。這是一個(gè)“it is that”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“not time, money, power or whatever but love”，里面使用了“not but”結(jié)構(gòu)。7. Are you free tonight? _, I'd like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the StatesAEven so BWhen necessaryCIf not DIf so【答案】D【解析】考查替代。If so.意思是：如果這樣的話。這里so替代的是上文的：you are free。8. It was not until 1920 _American women had the chance to vote in national elections.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】B【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此處not until 1920是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。句意：直到1920年美國婦女才能在國家選舉中有機(jī)會(huì)投票。9. He ought to have been warned of the danger_, but he wouldnt listen to meAyes, he ought to BSo he didCSo it was with him DSo he was【答案】D【及解析】考查特殊句式。 so+主語+助動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 表示“確實(shí)如此”。根據(jù)答語后半句可知空處表示他確實(shí)被警告了，因此選D項(xiàng)。10I am shocked at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.So am I. Little the safety of the poor children.Adid the local government care forBthe local government cared forCdid the local government care aboutDthe local government cared about【答案】C【解析】考查倒裝和短語辨析。否定詞little為否定副詞，所以用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故排除B和D。care for喜歡，care about在乎。答語句意為：我也很震驚，當(dāng)?shù)卣苌僭谝庳毨和陌踩?