廣東省天河區(qū)2020屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法精講精煉 閱讀理解20

閱讀理解精講精煉20109.CoconutCoconut trees can be seen all over the tropical countries everywhere in the world. Coconut trees need warm weather and produce green coconuts which are filled with a colorless coconut juice. If the coconut is fresh, inside are almost all juice and little flesh. Coconut milk is white in color and is extracted from coconut. Green coconuts have the size of a small ball. They have to be opened on top with a knife. You will get the whole coconut in front of you and you drink the coconut juice with a straw(吸管). Once you finish you can ask to cut the coconut in pieces and eat the flesh inside.DragonfruitDragonfruit's official name is Pitaya. It's a kind of fruit which is very tasteful despite its outside looks. The pink colored skin is not to be eaten. Cut the fruit in half and use a spoon to eat the grayish flesh. The black seeds can be eaten but they are not digestible.Cempedak(小木菠蘿)Cempedak is a native kind of Malaysian fruit. The taste of the fruit is similar to the related Jackfruit(波羅蜜)with a hint of Durian(榴蓮). A sweet, mild, and juicy flesh surrounds the peanut­like seeds in a thick layer. The outer cover of the fruit is slightly sticky. Cempedak can be eaten fresh.DurianDurian is one of those tropical fruits you love or hate. I was once told that the smell of durian is the “smell of hell” though I can not comment on this as I have never been to hell! I was also told that in many parts in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thai hotels, durian is not even allowed because of the smell. However, durian is a very popular tropical fruit in Malaysia. Durian is easy to recognize. They are huge green brownish fruits, usually sold at markets and on the roadside. It is known as “the King of Fruit” on the basis of the fact that it has many vitamins, calcium, iron and other minerals.20Which of the following has the seeds that can be eaten?ACoconut. BDragonfruit.CCempedak. DDurian.21According to the passage, we can learn that_.Acempedak is the other name of JackfruitBthe home of cempedak is MalaysiaCcempedak has the flavor of durianDcempedak has a smooth cover22In many Malaysia and Thai hotels, why is durian not even allowed?ABecause it can make eaters addicted.BBecause the local governments forbid the selling.CBecause it has a smelly flavor.DBecause it can be used as a weapon.23Why is durian called “the King of Fruit”？ABecause it contains many vitamins and minerals.BBecause it looks strong.CBecause it has a strange flavor.DBecause all the people like it.【要點(diǎn)綜述】文章向我們介紹了幾種水果，以及這些水果的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值以及弊端。20B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析全文可知，只有火龍果的種子可以吃，只是不易消化。21B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析Cempedak部分可知，這種水果原產(chǎn)地是馬來(lái)西亞。22C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析Durian部分可知，榴蓮由于具有奇特的臭味，在印度尼西亞，馬來(lái)西亞和泰國(guó)的許多賓館，這種水果是不允許出售的。23A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析Durian部分最后一句可知，榴蓮之所以叫“水果之王”，因?yàn)樗缓S生素，鈣，鐵等礦物質(zhì)。110.Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.Top 6 Unusual Guinness World RecordsFastest 100 m running on all foursThe 2020 Guinness World Records Day was, according to GWR，their biggest day of record­breaking ever, with more than 290,000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with “super powers”. His “super power” is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2020.Most people inside a soap bubbleLongest ears on a dogMost living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on record­breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great­great­great­great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great grand­daughter aged 52, her great­great grand­daughter aged 33 and her great­great­great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great­great­great­great grandson on January 21, 1989”Most T­shirts worn at onceHeaviest pumpkin46Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？AHe set a good example to all Japanese.BHe made record attempts in 15 different countries.CHe set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”DHe participated in the 2020 Guinness World Records Day activities.47Jeffries is the name of _.Athe owner of the dog with the longest earsBthe grandfather of the dog with the longest earsCthe present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”Dthe former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”48How many T­shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?A68. B120. C238. D245.49According to the given information, which Guinness World Record was most recently set?AThe record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”BThe record for “Most living generations”CThe record for “Most T­shirts worn at once”DThe record for “Heaviest pumpkin”【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要向讀者介紹6個(gè)不同尋常的吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的情況。46. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一則紀(jì)錄中提到的He is just anothersuper powersKenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours知，Kenichi Ito創(chuàng)造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”紀(jì)錄，所以選C項(xiàng)。47. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三則紀(jì)錄中Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前紀(jì)錄保持者，所以選D項(xiàng)。48. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第五則紀(jì)錄中The T­shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T­shirt No. 120可以知道Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感覺有點(diǎn)困難再穿上T恤了，所以選B項(xiàng)。49. A推理判斷題。從文章的紀(jì)錄中可以知道，A項(xiàng)是2020年4月4日創(chuàng)造的；B項(xiàng)是1989年1月21日創(chuàng)造的；C項(xiàng)是2020年5月22日創(chuàng)造的；D項(xiàng)是2020年10月9日創(chuàng)造的，由此知A項(xiàng)是最近時(shí)間創(chuàng)造的，所以選A項(xiàng)。111.Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(預(yù)測(cè))in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments under­predicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet­warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _.Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingBthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because_.Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文為科普類文章。文章論述了全球變暖的氣候環(huán)境會(huì)讓植物提前開花，進(jìn)而影響整個(gè)食物鏈及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。57. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段話給讀者傳達(dá)的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句上。根據(jù)“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知讀者植物開花的增速超出了科學(xué)家的預(yù)期。故選B。A為次要信息。58. C推理判斷題。第五段話“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示讀者：對(duì)于植物所設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該有所改進(jìn)，故答案選C。59. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物對(duì)氣候變化的反應(yīng)對(duì)整個(gè)食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都至關(guān)重要。故答案選B。60. D推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；從最后一段敘述可知，如果本世紀(jì)地球變暖超過(guò)2，便會(huì)出現(xiàn)weather extremes。暗示我們這個(gè)世紀(jì)地球溫度的上升需要控制在2的范圍之內(nèi)。故答案選D。112.For those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this weekSamsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安裝)a large number of Internet­connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, it's Wi­Fi­enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it's not just something newthe app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go，” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates(電價(jià))varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies doenable laziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?A. The machine will be a big success.B. Their wives like doing the laundry.C. The machine is unrelated to their lift.D. This kind of technology is familiar to them.73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.C. They are difficult to operate.D. They are sold at a low price.74. We can conclude from Samsung's statements that _.A. the app connection makes life easierB. it is better to dry clothes in the morningC. smartphones can shorten the drying timeD. we should refresh clothes back at home75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently checked.B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems.D. Television may help do the laundry.【要點(diǎn)綜述】短文介紹了一種能為人們帶來(lái)便利的洗衣機(jī)，但是也向我們提出了一個(gè)令人思考的問(wèn)題：新科技會(huì)讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越懶惰，如何應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題或許值得深思。72. D推理判斷題。由第二段的Strange though it may seem“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week看出“盡管看上去有點(diǎn)奇怪，但是這項(xiàng)技術(shù)對(duì)于人們來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)很熟悉了”。故選D。73. B推理判斷題。由第四段的“The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control”看出它是由智能手機(jī)控制的，由此可知選擇B項(xiàng)。74. A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中對(duì)這一洗衣機(jī)裝置以及其功能和操作的描述可以看出，它使得人們的生活更加輕松便捷。故選A。75. C主旨大意題。最后一段的Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies doenable laziness.告訴我們，該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能使人們變懶，也就是C項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的“優(yōu)良技術(shù)也會(huì)帶來(lái)問(wèn)題”。故選C。113.You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Let's start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90°angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45°angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap(擺動(dòng))It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors' strength. BWave levels.CWind directions. DSize of sails.46What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind.CThe sail. DThe angle.47What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line.BAllow the sail to flap.CLower the sail.DTack the boat.48Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine.BIn a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook.DIn an official report.【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文主要介紹了航行中關(guān)于風(fēng)向的問(wèn)題。首先要考慮風(fēng)向，然后再根據(jù)風(fēng)是從船的后面，側(cè)面還是前面來(lái)確定航行的方法。45. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話“And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的內(nèi)容，可知首先要考慮風(fēng)向的問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)是不需要考慮的，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)沒有提及。46. C代詞指代題。結(jié)合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的the sail可知后面的it指的是“風(fēng)帆”。而不是“船”，“風(fēng)”或“角度”。47. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“You may want to go in that direction.This is called tacking.”可知是逆風(fēng)航行的時(shí)候要不斷地改變方向，因此選D。48. A推理判斷題。本文主要涉及的是大眾的航行運(yùn)動(dòng)的知識(shí)，而不是有關(guān)旅游和物理方面的知識(shí)，也不是一個(gè)官方的報(bào)告，因此選A。114.Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station(ISS)ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2020, the Internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(沖浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans.60What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AFind. BCopy. CChange. DLose.61Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?AThey are caring and thoughtful.BThey are worried and upset.CThey are impatient and annoyed.DThey are excited and curious.62In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts _.Aget more pleasure in space than on the EarthBfind living in space a bit boring and tiringCregard space life as commonDlove to see the Earth from space63The passage mainly discusses how astronauts _.Awork for longer missions in spaceBconnect with people on the EarthCobserve the Earth from spaceDspend their free time in space【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文是記敘文。宇航員的生活往往是與眾不同的，但是在國(guó)際空間站的工作人員的生活可以跟在地球上的生活很相似。他們可以與家人或者朋友聯(lián)系，也可以做一些日常的活動(dòng)。60. B詞義猜測(cè)題。聯(lián)系They work five days on and two days off我們知道，他們的生活與地球上是一樣的，因此答案為B。61. A推理判斷題。從第二段我們知道，在飛行前，這些航天員的家人以及朋友為他們準(zhǔn)備了照片、書籍等供他們消遣的東西，因此他們是很體貼和想法周全的。D有一定干擾性，文章沒有講述家人或者朋友對(duì)于這些宇航員工作的興奮與好奇，因此可以排除。62. D推理判斷題。從最后一段我們知道，這些宇航員喜歡從窗口看外面的世界，并且地球在不同時(shí)間提供了不同的畫面。63. D主旨大意題。全文講述了國(guó)際空間站的宇航員是如何度過(guò)工作之余的閑暇時(shí)間的。B、C有一定的干擾性。文章提到過(guò)宇航員與地面上的家人和朋友的聯(lián)系，也提到了他們透過(guò)窗子看地球上的景觀，但是這些都是細(xì)節(jié)，而不是主題。115.Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引發(fā)) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near­infrared light (NIR, 近紅外線) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外線) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR­absorbing group called o­nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so­so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer