模擬電子技術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告 (2)

成績(jī) 課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告 題 目 方波、三角波、正弦波信號(hào) 發(fā)生器設(shè)計(jì) 課 程 名 稱 模擬電子技術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì) 院 部 名 稱 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 10自動(dòng)化 班 級(jí) 10自動(dòng)化 學(xué) 生 姓 名 吉鈺源 學(xué) 號(hào) 1004104001 課程設(shè)計(jì)地點(diǎn) C206 課程設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)時(shí) 1周 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 趙國(guó)樹 金陵科技學(xué)院教務(wù)處制目錄1、緒論································································································3 1.1相關(guān)背景知識(shí)·················································································3 1.2課程設(shè)計(jì)目的·················································································31.3課程設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)··············································································3 1.4課程設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)指標(biāo)········································································32、信號(hào)發(fā)生器的基本原理········································································4 2.1總體設(shè)計(jì)思路·················································································42.2原理框圖·······················································································43、各組成部分的工作原理········································································5 3.1 正弦波產(chǎn)生電路·············································································5 3.1.1正弦波產(chǎn)生電路··········································································5 3.1.2正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的工作原理···························································6 3.2 正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路····································································7 3.2.1正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路圖······························································7 3.2.2正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的工作原理··················································8 3.3 方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路····································································9 3.3.1方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路圖······························································9 3.3.2方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的工作原理··················································104、電路仿真結(jié)果···················································································114.1正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的仿真結(jié)果······························································114.2 正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的仿真結(jié)果····················································114.3方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的仿真結(jié)果·····················································135、電路調(diào)試結(jié)果···················································································13 5.1正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果······························································13 5.2正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果·····················································14 5.3方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果·····················································146、設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果分析與總結(jié)··········································································151、緒論1.1相關(guān)背景知識(shí)由于物理學(xué)的重大突破，電子技術(shù)在20世紀(jì)取得了驚人的進(jìn)步。特別是近50年來，微電子技術(shù)和其他高技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，致使農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、科技和國(guó)防等領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了令人矚目的變革。與此同時(shí)，電子技術(shù)也正在改變著人們?nèi)粘Ｉ睢Ｔ陔娮蛹夹g(shù)中，信號(hào)發(fā)生器是一種能夠產(chǎn)生多種波形,如三角波、鋸齒波、矩形波（含方波）、正弦波的電路被稱為函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器。函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器在電路實(shí)驗(yàn)和設(shè)備檢測(cè)中具有十分廣泛的用途，可以用于生產(chǎn)測(cè)試、儀器維修和實(shí)驗(yàn)室，還廣泛使用在其它科技領(lǐng)域，如醫(yī)學(xué)、教育、化學(xué)、通訊、地球物理學(xué)、工業(yè)控制、軍事和宇航等。它是一種不可缺少的通用信號(hào)源。1.2課程設(shè)計(jì)目的 通過本次課程設(shè)計(jì)所要達(dá)到的目的是：增進(jìn)自己對(duì)模擬集成電路方面所學(xué)知識(shí)的理解，提高自己在模擬集成電路應(yīng)用方面的技能，樹立嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)作風(fēng)，培養(yǎng)自身綜合運(yùn)用理論知識(shí)解決實(shí)際問題的能力。通過電路設(shè)計(jì)初步掌握工程設(shè)計(jì)方法，逐步熟悉開展科學(xué)實(shí)踐的程序和方法，為后續(xù)課程的學(xué)習(xí)和今后從事的實(shí)際工作提供引導(dǎo)性的背景知識(shí)，打下必要的基礎(chǔ)。1.3課程設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù) 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)方波、三角波、正弦波函數(shù)發(fā)生器；能同時(shí)輸出一定頻率一定幅度的三種波形：正弦波、方波和三角波；用±12V電源供電；先對(duì)課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)進(jìn)行分析，及根據(jù)參數(shù)的確定選擇出一種最適合本課題的方案。在達(dá)到課題要求的前提下保證最經(jīng)濟(jì)、最方便、最優(yōu)化的設(shè)計(jì)策略。然后運(yùn)用仿真軟件Multisim對(duì)電路進(jìn)行仿真，觀察效果并與課題要求的性能指標(biāo)作對(duì)比。仿真成功后，用實(shí)物搭建電路，進(jìn)行調(diào)試，觀測(cè)示波器輸出的波形。1.4課程設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)指標(biāo) 設(shè)計(jì)、組裝、調(diào)試信號(hào)發(fā)生器；輸出波形：正弦波、方波、三角波；頻率范圍在10Hz10000Hz范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)；比較器用LM339,運(yùn)算放大器用LM324，雙向穩(wěn)壓管用兩個(gè)穩(wěn)壓管代替。2、信號(hào)發(fā)生器的基本原理2.1 總體設(shè)計(jì)思路本次課程設(shè)計(jì)要求設(shè)計(jì)方波、正弦波、三角波函數(shù)發(fā)生器，產(chǎn)生正弦波、方波、三角波的方案，所以結(jié)合課本【1】所學(xué)知識(shí)，我將設(shè)計(jì)思路定位如下：先產(chǎn)生正弦波信號(hào)，然后通過整形電路將正弦波變成方波，再由積分電路將方波變成三角波。其中，根據(jù)課本9.6RC正弦波震蕩電路可知RC正弦波震蕩電路有橋式振蕩電路、雙T網(wǎng)絡(luò)式和移相式振蕩電路等類型。這里主要采用橋式振蕩電路來產(chǎn)生正弦波，并采用二極管進(jìn)行穩(wěn)幅，獲得穩(wěn)定輸出的正弦波。由課本9.8.1電壓比較器得，過零比較器是單門限電壓比較器，即輸入電壓Vi每次過零時(shí)，輸出就要產(chǎn)生突然的變化，在高電位和低電位間相互切換，因而產(chǎn)生了方波。用集成運(yùn)放構(gòu)成的電壓比較器可以用加限幅措施，避免內(nèi)部管子進(jìn)入深度飽和區(qū)，來提高相應(yīng)速度。方波的函數(shù)表示形式是常數(shù)函數(shù)，對(duì)常數(shù)函數(shù)進(jìn)行積分則可以得到一次線性函數(shù)，用圖像表示為以直線，所以考慮到用積分電路將方波變?yōu)槿遣ā?.2 原理框圖 總體框架結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖： 積分電路整形電路三角波方波正弦波 已設(shè)計(jì)信號(hào)發(fā)生器模擬電路圖：產(chǎn)生三角波產(chǎn)生方波正弦波信號(hào)發(fā)生器 已設(shè)計(jì)信號(hào)發(fā)生器實(shí)物圖：3、各組成部分的工作原理 3.1正弦波產(chǎn)生電路3.1.1 正弦波產(chǎn)生電路圖3.1.2 正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的工作原理1.電路組成由上圖可知，正弦波由RC橋式振蕩電路。RC橋式振蕩電路由選頻網(wǎng)絡(luò)和放大電路組成。其中，選頻網(wǎng)絡(luò)有RC串、并聯(lián)組成，屬正反饋網(wǎng)絡(luò)。放大電路由運(yùn)放741、電阻R3、R4、R5及兩個(gè)型號(hào)為1N4148的二極管構(gòu)成。R3、R4為負(fù)反饋網(wǎng)絡(luò)。RC串并聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與R3、R4負(fù)反饋支路正好構(gòu)成一個(gè)四臂橋路，中間分別連接到同相和反相兩個(gè)輸入端。2.原理分析選頻特性反饋系數(shù)由s=jw令Wo=1RC得當(dāng)幅頻響應(yīng)有最大值相頻響應(yīng)穩(wěn)幅環(huán)節(jié)該電路可以輸出頻率為 ，RC振蕩電路一般用于產(chǎn)生頻率低于1MHz的正弦波。穩(wěn)幅措施采用非線性元件二極管：起振時(shí) ，其中R3是R3、D1和D2并聯(lián)支路的等效電阻穩(wěn)幅條件： AvFv=13.2 正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路3.2.1 正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路圖3.2.2正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的工作原理1.電路組成該電路主要由過零比較器LM339、兩只型號(hào)為1N4735A的齊納二極管組成。 2.原理分析 過零比較器其參考電壓VREF=0，則輸入電壓Vi每次過零時(shí)，輸出就要產(chǎn)生突然的變化，在高、低電位間相互切換。電路圖電壓傳輸特性（過零比較器的特點(diǎn)：門限電壓為零）解說：當(dāng)輸入信號(hào)電壓Vi小于參考電壓0時(shí)，即差模輸入電壓Vid=Vi<0時(shí)，運(yùn)放處于負(fù)飽和狀態(tài)，Vo=Vol;當(dāng)輸入信號(hào)電壓Vi升高到略大于參考電壓0V，即Vid=Vi>0，運(yùn)放立即轉(zhuǎn)入正飽和狀態(tài)，Vo=Voh。如上圖電壓傳輸特性圖所示。所以，根據(jù)過零比較器的特性，有以下輸入輸出：3.3 方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路3.3.1方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路圖3.3.2方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的工作原理1.電路組成積分電路的用途主要有：掃描電路，模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器,數(shù)學(xué)模擬運(yùn)算器。該部分電路主要由運(yùn)放LM324AD、10K歐姆電阻、100K歐姆電阻及一個(gè)100nF電容組成。2.原理分析 基本積分電路i1vi+RRPCvo_vc特性推理當(dāng)輸入電壓如圖a所示時(shí),vItOVI(a)Vom-votOVI(b)此時(shí)，運(yùn)放進(jìn)入飽和狀態(tài)，Vo保持不變，而停止積分。4、電路仿真結(jié)果4.1 正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的仿真結(jié)果4.2 正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的仿真結(jié)果4.3 YYY到ZZZ轉(zhuǎn)換電路的仿真結(jié)果5、電路調(diào)試結(jié)果 5.1正弦波產(chǎn)生電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果 5.2正弦波到方波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果5、3方波到三角波轉(zhuǎn)換電路的調(diào)試結(jié)果6、設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果分析與總結(jié) 人們總說，是我們成長(zhǎng)的不是時(shí)間而是經(jīng)歷。通過本次模電課程設(shè)計(jì)，我受益匪淺。這次課程設(shè)計(jì)不僅加深了我對(duì)模電知識(shí)的理解，更鍛煉了我的思維，增強(qiáng)了我的動(dòng)手能力。在課程設(shè)計(jì)初期，我對(duì)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的概念非常模糊，對(duì)自己能否順利完成任務(wù)感到非常擔(dān)心和緊張。通過仔細(xì)閱讀課本和理解老師PPT的講解內(nèi)容，我逐漸明白：產(chǎn)生正弦波、方波、三角波的基本電路原理及相關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算，開始漸漸對(duì)課程設(shè)計(jì)感興趣。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，每一元件都需要精心的計(jì)算，電路圖的設(shè)計(jì)也需精心琢磨，所有這一切都是對(duì)我耐心和學(xué)問嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)態(tài)度和科學(xué)精神的考驗(yàn)。在實(shí)物連接過程中，我接觸了以前從未接觸過的小器件，比如：二極管、電容、變阻器各種運(yùn)放等等，對(duì)他們的屬性也有了一定的了解。此外，此次課程設(shè)計(jì)也促使我以后要注重理論知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和理解，要及時(shí)鞏固所學(xué)知識(shí)。在課程設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)過程中，我感慨最深的是我們的趙老師一直陪伴著我們，有時(shí)周五晚上都會(huì)知道我們至9點(diǎn)多，課后還為我們找機(jī)房練習(xí)模擬。雖然他平時(shí)對(duì)我們的要求很嚴(yán)格，但我還是很喜歡這樣的老師，老師的嚴(yán)格往往也是我學(xué)好一門課的動(dòng)力。感謝老師的精心指導(dǎo)。參考文獻(xiàn)【1】康華光.電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)模擬部分（第五版）【M】北京：高等教育出版社.2011