大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊Unit9[共81頁]

1. Definition of Intelligence2. Word WebBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading3. Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests4. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)5. A Sample IQ TestBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDefinition of Intelligence1. Brief IntroductionDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.Intelligence is a term usually referring to a general mental to reason, solve problems, think abstractly, learn new material, and from past experience. Intelligence can be by many different kinds of tasks. , this ability is expressed in many aspects of a persons life. Intelligence a variety of mental processes, including memory, learning, , decision-making and reasoning. Yet no accepted definition of intelligence exists, and people continue to what, exactly, it is. questions remain: Is intelligence one general ability or several independent systems of abilities? Is intelligence a of the brain, a characteristic of behavior, or a set of knowledge and skills?capacity_profit_Likewise_measured_draws on_perception_universally_debate_Fundamental_property_Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading2. Definition of Intelligence by Sternberg Robert Sternberg was born in New Jersey on December 8, 1949. He received his B.A. at Yale University in 1972 and Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1975. Sternberg is currently an IBM professor of Psychology and Education at Yale University. Sternberg is known for his work on human intelligence, human creativity, thinking styles, learning disabilities, and love. Detailed ReadingQuestion: What is the definition of intelligence by Sternberg?Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingI prefer to refer to it as “successful intelligence.” And the reason is that the emphasis is on the use of your intelligence to achieve success in your life. So I define it as your skill in achieving whatever it is you want to attain in your life within your sociocultural context meaning that people have different goals for themselves, and for some its to get very good grades in school and to do well on tests, and for others it might be to become a very good basketball player or actress or musician or politician. So, its your skill in obtaining what you want in life within your sociocultural context.Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingWord WebDirections: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “intelligent”. Write down as many words as possible about it.brightsensibletalentedbrilliantwisegiftedsmartcleverDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading Achievement tests and aptitude tests are very similar to intelligence tests. An achievement test is designed to assess what a person has already learned, whereas an aptitude test is designed to predict future performance or assess potential for learning. Usually the items on achievement tests and aptitude tests relate to a specific area of knowledge, such as mathematics or vocabulary. Because intelligence tests frequently include these same areas of knowledge, many experts believe that it is impossible to distinguish between intelligence tests, achievement tests, and aptitude tests. Often, test makers call their tests achievement tests or aptitude tests to avoid the word intelligence, which can be frightening to some test takers.Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude TestsDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading According to the passage, if a 6-year-old girl scored a mental age of 9, what would her IQ be? Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) Instead of giving a persons performance on the as a mental age, Terman converted performance into a single score, which he called the intelligence quotient, or IQ. A quotient is the number that results from dividing one number by another. The idea of an intelligence quotient was first suggested by German psychologist William Stern in 1912. To compute IQ, Stern divided mental age by the actual, chronological age of the person taking the test and then multiplied by 100 to get rid of the decimal point. Stanford-BinetDetailed Reading150Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingAlfred BinetIn 1905 French psychologist Alfred Binet and colleague Thodore Simon devised one of the first tests of general intelligence. The test sought to identify French children likely to have difficulty in school so that they could receive special education. An American version of Binets test, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, is still used today.Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingTake the IQ test below to see how intelligent you are.A sample IQ testSome people maintain that IQ tests are just for fun. Others argue that they are indeed testing mans intelligence. Whats your opinion?Detailed Reading1. Part Division of the Text2. Further UnderstandingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingFor Part 1 Questions and AnswersFor Part 2 True or FalseFor Part 3 Table Completion3. DiscussionDetailed ReadingPart Division of the Text Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed Reading Main IdeasParagraphsParts 11 223 435 7I have been scoring high in intelligence tests all my life but it only means that I am good at answering certain types of academic questions.Intelligence is not absolute and it is decided by the society one lives in.My auto repairman played a joke on me, which seemed to prove me a moron.Questions and AnswersBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading1. What did the author think of the high score he had achieved in the aptitude test?2. Does the author believe that he is highly intelligent?3. According to the author, what do the high scores really mean?Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingTrue or False My auto repairman once got a score of less than 80 on an intelligence test. I estimated that my auto repairman could not have a score of more than 80 if he took an intelligence test.F ( )1.Although I considered myself far more intelligent than my auto repairman, I had to ask him to fix my car when anything went wrong with it. 2.I would not score high in an intelligent test designed by a worker.3.T ( )I was good at both physical work and brainwork. 4.I would do poor when working with my hands.F ( )The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by the talented people.5.T ( )The numerical evaluation of intelligence is determined by a small subsection of that society as an arbiter of such matters.F ( )Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingTable CompletionDirections: Fill in the chart according to the text. The prelude (前奏前奏) of the jokeThe question asked by my auto repairmanMy answerResponse of my auto repairmanMy feelingA deaf-and-dumb guy successfully bought some nails by making motions.Uneasy.How could a blind man buy scissors?He made scissoring motions with his first two fingers.He laughed and said that I was a fool.Detailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDiscussionDo you agree that sometimes highly educated people are not so smart as those who receive less education? Why or why not?Detailed ReadingAsimov explains why there is much more in intelligence than just being able to score high on intelligence tests. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingWhat is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.)What Is Intelligence, Anyway?Isaac AsimovDetailed ReadingAll my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingWell, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingConsider my auto repairman, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile hood to say: “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions Detailed Readingwith the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?”Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingI lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto repairman laughed heartily and said, “Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them.” Then he said, smugly, “Ive been trying that on all my customers today.” “Did you catch many?” I asked. “Quite a few,” he said, “but I knew for sure Id catch you.” “Why is that?” I asked. “Because youre so goddamned educated, doc, I knew you couldnt be very smart.”And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.What is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.)What Is Intelligence, Anyway?Isaac AsimovAll my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingWhat can we infer from this sentence?The author cared nothing about other soldiers compliments for his high score, which could bring him nothing.Detailed ReadingWhat is intelligence, anyway? When I was in the army I received a kind of aptitude test that all soldiers took and, against a normal of 100, scored 160. No one at the base had ever seen a figure like that and for two hours they made a big fuss over me. (It didnt mean anything. The next day I was still a buck private with KP as my highest duty.)What Is Intelligence, Anyway?Isaac AsimovAll my life Ive been registering scores like that, so that I have the complacent feeling that Im highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too. Actually, though, dont such scores simply mean that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions that are considered worthy of answers by the people who make up the intelligence tests people with intellectual bents similar to mine?Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading1)Translate the sentence into Chinese然而，實際上，難道這類分?jǐn)?shù)不是僅僅意味著我很善于回答那些編然而，實際上，難道這類分?jǐn)?shù)不是僅僅意味著我很善于回答那些編制智力測驗的人們制智力測驗的人們 智力愛好跟我類似的人們智力愛好跟我類似的人們 認(rèn)為值得回認(rèn)為值得回答的那類學(xué)究式的問題嗎？答的那類學(xué)究式的問題嗎？2) Analyze the structure of the sentenceThe subject of the sentence is “such scores”, the predicate is “mean”, and the object is the clause “that I am very good at answering the type of academic questions”. “That are considered worthy of answer by the people” is an attributive clause modifying “academic questions” while “who make up the intelligence tests” is another attributive clause modifying the word “people”.Detailed ReadingFor instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading1) Paraphrase the sentenceFor example, once I had an auto repairman. I suppose that he probably could not achieve a score of more than 80 if he took these intelligence tests.Detailed Reading2) Analyze the structure of the sentence這句話的主干部分很短，即為這句話的主干部分很短，即為I had an auto repairman once. 定定語從句修飾其中心詞語從句修飾其中心詞repairman。本句中插入語較多，用逗號進(jìn)行本句中插入語較多，用逗號進(jìn)行了間隔。了間隔。For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading1) Translate the sentence into Chinese然而，每當(dāng)我的汽車出了毛病，我總是急急忙忙地去找他，焦急然而，每當(dāng)我的汽車出了毛病，我總是急急忙忙地去找他，焦急地注視著他檢查汽車的主要部位，恭聽著他的見解，仿佛聆聽神地注視著他檢查汽車的主要部位，恭聽著他的見解，仿佛聆聽神諭一般諭一般而他總能把我的汽車修好。而他總能把我的汽車修好。Detailed Reading2) What does the sentence mean?It means that my auto repairman excelled me in fixing my car though I took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was.For instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingWhat do the sentences mean?Not only would I fail in any of those tests, but also I would become a real moron because I was not able to do many things other than answering academic questions.Detailed ReadingFor instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter ReadingParaphrase the sentenceI could not fulfill any task successfully when I had to do something complicated or hard with my hands rather than with my school education and verbal gift.Detailed ReadingFor instance, I had an auto repairman once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not possibly have scored more than 80, by my estimate. I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was. Yet, when anything went wrong with my car I hastened to him with it, watched him anxiously as he explored its vitals, and listened to his pronouncements as though they were divine oracles and he always fixed my car. Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By every one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by the society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingAfter Reading1) What can we infer from the sentence?The author believed that only a small group of people in society determined what intelligence was and forced all the others to accept their ideas.Detailed Reading2