動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)綜合專題導(dǎo)學(xué)案.docx

2013-2014高三英語時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般進行完成完成進行 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)綜合專題一動詞八種基本時態(tài)的概述動詞時態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大中學(xué)生在實際運用時，往往對時態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時態(tài)。 1、一般現(xiàn)在時： （經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作）【概念】經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：_; _ 、_同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。 【時間狀語】always, usually, _etc2、一般過去時： 【概念】過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去_、_的動作、行為。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】動詞用過去式，規(guī)則變化在動詞原形后加_; 不規(guī)則變化需要仔細記憶。be動詞；行為動詞 否定形式：_; _同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 【時間狀語】_etc. 3、現(xiàn)在進行時： 【概念】表示_動作及行為。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。 【時間狀語】_ etc. 4、過去進行時： 【概念】表示_正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】was/were +doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。 【時間狀語】_或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。5、現(xiàn)在完成時： 【概念】過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作_，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，_的動作或狀態(tài)。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 一般疑問句：have或has。 【時間狀語】_ etc. 6、過去完成時： 【概念】以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在_動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“_”。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑問句：had放于句首。 【時間狀語】_,etc. 7、一般將來時： 【概念】表示_動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 【時間狀語】_etc.8、過去將來時： 【概念】立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看_，常用于賓語從句中。 【基本結(jié)構(gòu)】was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：_; _一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 【時間狀語】the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 【練習(xí)】1.“I dont like to travel. ”“Have you ever _ in an airplane?” A. flyingB. flewC. flowedD. flown2. “Today is very cold, isnt it?” “Yes, the river is _ over.” A. freezedB. freezeC. frozenD. freezing3“What happened in that new area?” “New houses _ recently over there.” A. are builtB. buildC. have builtD. have been built題后反思與領(lǐng)悟考點一 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時1. She looks tired. （ ） She is looking at a bird. （ ）2. How do you feel today? ( ) How are you feeling today?（ ）3. The train leaves at 9:00 a.m. (以事物作主語時) He isnt coming to the party tonight. (以人為主語時)考點二 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時指過去發(fā)生的事情一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，屬于現(xiàn)在時的范疇。而一般過去時表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。Ive learnt a lot from you. （因此很感謝你）I learnt a lot there. (事實)有時同一個動作，根據(jù)具體情況，需要不同時態(tài)。1. He has been in the army for 2 years. （還在部隊） He was in the army for 2 years. （現(xiàn)已離開）2. She has done this all these years. （ ） She did this for many years.（ ） 考點三 過去進行時和一般過去時1. 一般過去時強調(diào)過去已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動作，而過去進行時表示動作的進行但不一定完成。He was doing his homework in the afternoon. ( )He did his homework in the afternoon. （ ）2. 過去進行時表示一個歷時較長的體現(xiàn)“背景”動作或情況；一般過去時表示在歷時較長的動作或情況的過程中發(fā)生的打斷它的一個短暫動作。When I was getting on the bus, my wallet was stolen.When she arrived, I was telephoning Hary？考點四 過去完成時與一般過去時過去完成時表示過去某時間或某動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，即：過去的過去。動詞expect, hope，promise，think，want等的過去完成時可用來表示本來打算做而沒有做某事。而一般過去時則強調(diào)過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。The train had left before we reached the station. 我們到車站時，火車已經(jīng)離開了。I had hoped that he could help us.我本來希望他能幫助我們。練習(xí)： 1. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take 2. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 考點五 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已完成，而完成進行時卻不一定如此。Ive made a cake. （ ）Ive been making a cake. （ ）2. 許多靜態(tài)動詞只能用于完成時。This strike has lasted six months.3. 有少數(shù)動作用兩種時態(tài)都可以，意思差別不大。They have been working / have worked very well this term.但強調(diào)時間長度時用完成進行時較好。Ive been coughing all night.二【鎖定高考考點】動詞的一般時態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時)1. The moment _soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.A. came B. has tome C. was coming D. is coming2. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.A. sawB. have seenC. will see D. are seeing3. In 1492, Columbus_ on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.A. lands B. landed C. has landed D. had landed 4.Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?Well, I a test and Im waiting for the result.A. will takeB. took C. had taken D. take5.By the time you have finished this book, your meal cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting6.Planning so far ahead no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made動詞的進行時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時)1.Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry, but by then I to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 2. John, what _in your hand? Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A had you held B are you holding C. do you hold D will you hold 3.I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he polite. A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be4.Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting5. I walked slowly through the market, where people all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold動詞的完成時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時)1.I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me？Sorry, I the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played2. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 3.She was surprised to find the fridge empty； the childreneverything！A. had been eating B.had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating4. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do動詞的完成進行時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在完成進行時、過去完成進行時)1.In order to find the missing child， villagers all they can over the past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing2.When Alice came to， she did not know how long she there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain3. Im tired out. . I all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping動詞的語態(tài)(主要為被動語態(tài))1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid2.In the near future， more advances in the robot technology by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 3.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house .A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt4. This coastal area a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 動詞的語態(tài)常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時6過去進行時2一般過去時7現(xiàn)在完成時3一般將來時8過去完成時4過去將來時9將來完成時5現(xiàn)在進行時10含有情態(tài)動詞的使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題。主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣洹y friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday._主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long._短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her)._情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.People know paper was made in China first._ _類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that 【演練命題熱點】翻譯句子：1,他們必須藏起來否則會被德國納粹擒獲。They had to hide or they_ _ _ by the German Nazis2,過去它更多的基于德語而非我們現(xiàn)在所說的英語。It _ _ more on German than the English we _at present.3我一直問他，“我們什么時候離開什么時候又回來？“I _ _ her,”when _ we _and when _we _ _?”4,我告訴她湄公的源頭在青海省。I_her that the source of the Mekong _ _ Qinghai Province.5, 我僅僅只學(xué)了兩年的學(xué)校離家只有三公里遠。The school where I _for only two years was there kilometers away.練習(xí)3用動詞的正確形式填空。 Friends are like wineEvery one at work said they_(like) my new dress so I _(wear ) it for a TV show. When I arrived the producer _(give) me a strange look but said nothing.Later that week I watched the show on my TV. As I sat there_(look) at myself on the TV screen, the telephone rang. It was my old friend Susan.”Next time let me tell you what to wear. That dress _ (make) you look old and boring.” I t was true. For a moment I felt _( shame) but then I felt better.Next time I_（ask）Susan and she_(tell)me the truth. Truly old friends are like wine; the_(old) ,the better. 練習(xí)4高考真題1. (2013北京卷T23)Shakespeares play Hamlet_into at least ten different films over the past years.A.had been madeB.was made C.has been made D.would be made2.(2013新課標(biāo)全國T7) (2013大綱版全國卷T27)Wevery early so we packed the night before.A.leave B.had leftC.were leavingD.have left3.(2013山東卷T24)I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually itpretty good.A.has been B.was C.had been D.would be4 （2014四川卷）She _ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned5 I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time. A. has been talkingB. was talkingC. has talkedD. talked6 . （2014天津卷）We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made7 . （2014浙江卷 ） Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _ most of the guests before. A. has seen B. had seen C. saw D. would see8 -We didnt find Smith attending the lecture. -No one _ him about _ a lecture the following day. A. told; there to be B. had told; there to beC. told; there was D. had told; there being9. （2014重慶卷 ）Youd better write down her phone number before you _ it .A.forget B. are forgetting C.forgot D. will gorget10.（2014重慶卷） .James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _until yesterday.A. will come B.was coming C. had comeD. Came 3