（江蘇專用）2020版高考英語語法專題全輯專題三非謂語動(dòng)詞講義牛津譯林版.docx

專題三 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)不定式作表語與“beto do sth. ”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。My job is to teach English.(說明內(nèi)容)beto do sth. (表示按計(jì)劃要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作賓語的詞語。下列詞語常接不定式作賓語：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。下列詞語后可接“疑問詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞(短語)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的賓補(bǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to，此時(shí)的不定式就是主語補(bǔ)足語。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況：主語ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb. to do sth. 主語think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb. to be/to have done主語call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb. to do sth. (4)不定式作定語的特殊用法。下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one to look after her.不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作狀語的用法。不定式作狀語，在句中主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語；enough.to，so.as to do，such名詞.as to do作結(jié)果狀語。The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成時(shí)的特殊用法。表示不定式中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時(shí)，但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。(說話時(shí)還未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。(說話時(shí)已等了很久)不定式的完成時(shí)還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成時(shí)。(B)was/were to不定式的完成時(shí)，表示該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn)。(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成時(shí)，表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對(duì)比)不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時(shí)，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等詞后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語、主補(bǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。常見的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動(dòng)詞have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.題組訓(xùn)練1用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold).5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) peoples concern over food safety.8.The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列動(dòng)詞短語后接動(dòng)名詞：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)動(dòng)名詞作賓語和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思無差別，但謂語動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動(dòng)，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth. 記住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顧過去發(fā)生的事2.forget to do sth. 忘記要做的事forget doing sth. 忘記做過的事3.regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事抱歉regret doing sth. 對(duì)發(fā)生過的事后悔4.try to do sth. 設(shè)法，試圖做某事try doing sth. 試試看，試一試5.mean to do sth. 打算做，想要做mean doing sth. 意味著want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2.The patient required examining.The patient required to be examined.表達(dá)意思一樣，但用不定式時(shí)要用被動(dòng)形式，用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。題組訓(xùn)練2用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Its no use complaining(complain) without taking action.2.Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3.Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4.She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5.Marys coming(come) late made her mother angry.3.現(xiàn)在分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。時(shí)間狀語(分詞前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因狀語Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴隨狀語The girls came in，following their parents.結(jié)果狀語The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個(gè)特性：時(shí)間性。與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式having done。語態(tài)性。與句子主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成”。人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。主語bev.-ed表示被動(dòng)，主語是人；主語bev.-ing表示主動(dòng)，主語是物。4.過去分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題過去分詞作狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列分句，用來說明原因、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨等。(1)作原因狀語Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作時(shí)間狀語Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作條件狀語Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴隨狀語The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.題組訓(xùn)練3用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3.The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house.4.Look over theretheres a very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.6.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7.Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8.More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9.The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.1.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.(2018江蘇，26)A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案D解析句意為：在這段時(shí)期創(chuàng)造了大約13 500個(gè)新工作，超過了市場分析師認(rèn)為的12 000個(gè)的預(yù)期數(shù)量。were created是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作伴隨狀語。A項(xiàng)having exceeded表示exceed的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在were created之前，不符合語境；B項(xiàng)to exceed不能作伴隨狀語；C項(xiàng)exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也不符合語境。故選D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京，3)A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled答案B解析選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)能作句子的主語。如果動(dòng)詞作句子的主語，只能由不定式或動(dòng)名詞來充當(dāng)。C項(xiàng)常用來作狀語，表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用作本句的主語自然不符合語法邏輯。句意為：沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意義的經(jīng)歷。3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018北京，6)A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared答案B解析此處需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。句意為：在中秋節(jié)期間，家庭成員經(jīng)常聚到一起吃飯、賞月、品嘗月餅。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京，10)A.used B.to useC.using D.use答案A解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸延兄^語動(dòng)詞，故此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該選A項(xiàng)，即過去分詞作狀語，used correctly相當(dāng)于if it is used correctly這個(gè)條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當(dāng)，可以有效地清除細(xì)菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .(2018天津，7)A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.take答案B解析句意為：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。my photograph與take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用take的過去分詞形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.(2018天津，12)A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；trying答案D解析句意為：我沒打算吃東西，但這冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味著做某事；cant help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017江蘇，21)A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案A解析句意為：很多中國品牌歷經(jīng)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)樹立了聲譽(yù)，它們正面臨著當(dāng)代市場帶來的新挑戰(zhàn)。“ their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語，修飾整個(gè)句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動(dòng)詞develop之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且句中有延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語over centuries，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示主動(dòng)和延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，因此選A。8.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment， more patients to be treated.(2017天津，14)A.being allowed B.allowingC.having allowed D.allowed答案B解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作結(jié)果狀語。句意為：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，故選B項(xiàng)。9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online their valuable time.(2017北京，27)A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved答案C解析考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：現(xiàn)在許多航空公司允許乘客在網(wǎng)上打印登機(jī)牌以節(jié)約他們的寶貴時(shí)間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。10.The national park has a large collection of wildlife， from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京，30)A.ranging B.rangeC.to range D.ranged 答案A解析句意為：國家公園有一大批野生生物，從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.從到(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。11.Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time with his students.(2017北京，32)A.to spend B.spendC.spending D.spent 答案D解析句意為：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，不過他仍然記得和學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。the happy time與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式。12.To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江，10)A.having conducted B.to be conductedC.conducting D.conducted答案D解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：為了再討論一下水污染的問題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2012年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。分析句子成分可知，句中沒有連詞，所以空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且 a study和 conduct 構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。13.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.(2016浙江，19)A.working B.workC.to work D.worked答案A解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：航海的樂趣與我現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。題干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth. 做某事很開心，是固定搭配，故選A。14.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows， air conditioning unnecessary.(2016天津，4)A.making B.to makeC.made D.being made答案A解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：涼爽的風(fēng)通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來，沒有必要吹空調(diào)了。題中swept是謂語動(dòng)詞，所以make只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式；句子主語the cooling wind與make是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。15. the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015北京，21)A.Catching B.CaughtC.To catch D.Catch答案C解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。句意為：為了趕上早班飛機(jī)，我們提前預(yù)定了出租車并且很早就起了床。這里邏輯主語是we，用不定式作目的狀語，表示提前預(yù)定出租車并且早起的目的。故選C。16. more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015福建，28)A.Learn B.LearnedC.To learn D.To be learning答案C解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作目的狀語。句意為：為了了解更多的中國文化，杰克決定選擇中國民族音樂作為選修課。逗號(hào)后面沒有連詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，排除A項(xiàng)；learn與其邏輯主語Jack之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除B項(xiàng)；此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。17.Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it live is quite another.(2015浙江，18)A.perform B.performingC.to perform D.being performed答案D解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：在家聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另外一回事。題干中含有“hear賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處表示去現(xiàn)場聽正在被演奏的音樂，故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。18.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5)A.having developed B.to developC.developed D.develop答案C解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。題干中含有“see賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，develop與賓語products為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故使用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。句意為：經(jīng)理很滿意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，許多新產(chǎn)品被開發(fā)出來。19.For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .(2014福建，30)A.connected B.connectingC.to connect D.to be connected答案A解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：對(duì)那些與家人離得比較遠(yuǎn)的人來說，個(gè)人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持)，它是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。connected可作形容詞，意為“有聯(lián)系的，有來往的”，符合句意。20.Children，when by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(2014湖南，21)A.to be accompanied B.to accompanyC.accompanying D.accompanied答案D解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為：孩子們?cè)诟改傅呐阃虏疟辉试S進(jìn)入該體育館。因?yàn)閏hildren和accompany之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用過去分詞accompanied。此處是狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)主從句的主語一致，且從句謂語中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞一起省略，本題中的從句還原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。1.The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一調(diào)，23)A.having been designed B.being designedC.designed D.designing答案C解析句意為：這個(gè)旨在幫助人們參與到學(xué)習(xí)中的終身學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)在全歐洲取得重大成功。design與主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞作后置定語，故選C。2.I find singing Karaoke ，for it takes my mind off my work for a while.A.being relaxed B.to relaxC.relaxed D.relaxing答案D解析句意為：我覺得唱卡拉OK令人放松，因?yàn)樗屛視簳r(shí)不去想工作的事情。find singing Karaoke relaxing是find的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，relaxing是賓語補(bǔ)足語，修飾事物，意為“令人放松的，使人懶洋洋的”。3.An app that rewards students for time away from their phones is being released in the UK.(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二調(diào)，25)A.spending B.spentC.to spend D.spend答案B解析句意為：在英國一種能獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)學(xué)生不把時(shí)間花在手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用軟件正在被推出。time與spend之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞spent作后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is spent away from their phones，故選B項(xiàng)。4.The water was now two feet deep，making it difficult，if not impossible， the car out.(2017南京九中模擬，22)A.getting B.got C.to get D.get答案C解析句意為：水現(xiàn)在有兩英尺深，即使有可能，也很難把汽車弄出來。動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語，it是形式賓語，difficult是補(bǔ)足語，故選C。5.No one can avoid by advertisements.A.influencing B.influencedC.being influenced D.to influence答案C解析動(dòng)詞avoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，本題屬被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案為C。6.Much disappointed as he is in the job interview，he still keeps his confidence.(2018泰州二模，4)A.to have failed B.failedC.having failed D.failing答案A解析be disappointed to do sth. 對(duì)感到失望；由“he still keeps his confidence(他仍然保持自信)”可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事帶來的結(jié)果對(duì)后面產(chǎn)生了影響，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：盡管他面試失敗很失望，但他仍然保持自信。故選A。7. regular training in nursing，she could hardly cope with the work at first.(2018泰州二模，10)A.Not received B.Since receivingC.Having not received D.Not having received答案D解析句中receive和主語she是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。且receive發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前，用having received，其否定式是在前面加not。句意為：由于沒有接受過正規(guī)的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)，起初她幾乎無法應(yīng)付這份工作。故選D。8.With so many orphans ，the charity organization calls for more donations.A.to look after B.being looked afterC.to be looked after D.looked after答案A解析句意為：有如此多的孤兒要照顧，這個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)需要更多的捐助。本題考查的是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其用法為：withn.doing/done/to do/adj.。此處用不定式表將來。9. his eyes on the album，he thought of the happy time when he lived with his parents in that mountain village.A.Fixed B.To be fixedC.Fixing D.Having fixed答案C解析句意為：目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著相冊(cè)，他回想起他和他父母一起住在那個(gè)山村的快樂時(shí)光。動(dòng)詞fix和其邏輯主語he之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故需用現(xiàn)在分詞，選C。10.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings in literature，literary works it became more positive.(2018揚(yáng)州期末，25)A.featuring B.being featuredC.having featured D.featured答案A解析句意為：一旦冬天在文學(xué)中對(duì)人類的威脅減少，以冬天為特征的文學(xué)作品就變得更加積極。句子主語由winter變?yōu)閘iterary works，前后主語不一致，用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。literary works與feature是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故選A。11.Despite his death，Castros courage and wisdom are always believed a new generation of political leaders in Latin America.(2017如東、前黃等高級(jí)中學(xué)四校聯(lián)考，24)A.to inspire B.inspiringC.to have inspired D.having inspired答案C解析句意為：盡管卡斯特羅已經(jīng)仙逝，但是他的勇氣和智慧一直被認(rèn)為激勵(lì)著拉丁美洲新一代的政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。inspire這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，故C項(xiàng)正確。12.The autocompany succeeded in developing a new type of new energy vehicle， countless failures.(2018南通、泰州一模，28) A.experiencing B.to experienceC.to have experienced D.having experienced答案D解析句意為：在經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次失敗之后，這個(gè)汽車公司成功研發(fā)了一款新能源汽車。experience countless failures發(fā)生在succeed之前，用having done的形式。故選D。13.Everything smoothly，more jobs created for people allow them to be independent of others.A.ran B.runsC.running D.to run答案C解析句意為：一切順利進(jìn)行，為人們創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，使他們能夠獨(dú)立于他人。根據(jù)句意及分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)前后沒有連詞且動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語不一致，所以前后不存在從屬關(guān)系，而是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，everything與run之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)。故選C。14.One of the programmes organized by WPF is Food-for-Growth programme， people at risk.A.targeting B.targetedC.targeting at D.targets答案A解析句意為：由WPF組織的項(xiàng)目之一是Food-for-Growth項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目針對(duì)處于危險(xiǎn)中的人們?！?people at risk”作定語修飾programme，programme與target是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，target以 (某特定人群) 為目標(biāo)，針對(duì)，是及物動(dòng)詞，無需介詞。故選A。15. to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.(2017南通一模，32)A.Being attached B.AttachedC.Attaching D.Having attached答案B解析句意為：禮物上附著一張便條，用來表達(dá)他對(duì)他在這里期間我們招待他的感謝之情。分析句子成分可知note后的句子為定語從句，句子主句為“ to the gift was a note”，此句為一個(gè)完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，正常語序應(yīng)為“a note was to the gift”。表達(dá) “某物附在上面”，用短語be attached to，故選B項(xiàng)。16. by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.A.Surrounded B.Being surroundedC.Having been surrounded D.Surrounding答案B解析要填空的部分作主語，用動(dòng)名詞，需用被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：被青山環(huán)抱且坐落于黃山腳下使太平湖成為一個(gè)著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。17.We dont hope to see children nothing in their families，for children can be easily spoiled.(2018蘇北六市聯(lián)考，33)A.denying B.deniedC.to deny D.being denied答案B解析句意為：我們不希望看到在家里對(duì)孩子們有求必應(yīng)，因?yàn)檫@樣他們很容易被寵壞。句中有兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：deny sb. nothing對(duì)某人有求必應(yīng)；see賓語賓補(bǔ)。children和deny之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故選B項(xiàng)。18.The country will not set a target to double its gross domestic product from 2021 on，more emphasis on unbalanced and inadequate development and quality of growth.A.put B.being putC.to be put D.having been put答案C解析句意為：從2021年起，那個(gè)國家將不再設(shè)定國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值翻一番的目標(biāo)，而是將更多的重點(diǎn)放在不平衡和不充分的發(fā)展和質(zhì)量的提升上。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示將來的動(dòng)作且emphasis與動(dòng)詞put是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。19.What does Nickys job involve as a public relations director? quite a lot of time with other people.(2017蘇北六市聯(lián)考，29)A.Spending B.Having spentC.To spend D.To have spent答案A解析句意為：尼基作為公共關(guān)系總監(jiān)是做什么工作的呢？花很多時(shí)間和別人在一起。答話者針對(duì)問題中的what進(jìn)行回答，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語，故選A項(xiàng)。20.Newly chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association，Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic games management at the top of his agenda.(2017蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市二模，32)A.appointing B.appointedC.being appointed D.having appointed答案B解析句意為：新被任命的中國籃協(xié)主席姚明把改革國內(nèi)籃球比賽的管理放在他日程表的第一位。根據(jù)語境可知，設(shè)空處充當(dāng)定語，修飾chairman，它與appoint之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A、D。另外being appointed表示正在被任命，不符合語境，故選B項(xiàng)。