高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（專題攻略）之閱讀理解 鎖定高考

鎖定高考 說(shuō)明文真題回放【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)IIC】Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website Book Crossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of Book Crossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. Book Crossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D 11.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”讓書蒙上塵土是一種很自私的行為，網(wǎng)站BookCrossing.com的目的正是鼓勵(lì)人們與別人分享圖書，所以拿到書的人最可能繼續(xù)把書傳遞下去。故C項(xiàng)正確。12.D 標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知BookCrossing.com把人生命中最重要的兩個(gè)事物：人和書聯(lián)系在一起。D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能夠涵蓋文章的中心思想。【2015北京卷】CLife in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see it -you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials-skin, fat, and more-and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果凍狀的)material and spread themselves over it .Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.63.According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means_.A. silently B. graduallyC. regularly D. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _.A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light.C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals_.A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after deathC. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreading65.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light?？芍?，想變透明就要避免散射或吸收光線，因此其中的一個(gè)方法是C選項(xiàng)，避免光線的吸收。故選C。66.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does可以推斷出D為正確答案。其中slowdown對(duì)應(yīng)reduce。故選D。議論文真題回放【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away, Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youre raining children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties. BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her make more friends.DIt helped her know more new places.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsure of raise more children.BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents.DThey bad little respect for their grandparent.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?A. Make decisions in the best interests of their ownB. Ask their children to pay more visits to themC. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better【答案】25. A26.D27.C28.A【解析】考點(diǎn)：社會(huì)生活類短文閱讀。試題分析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了社會(huì)上很多老年人搬到離子女近的地方居住的一種趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)也建議老人們要做出適合自己的選擇。25. A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段末句可知，Mildred Garza搬到離孩子近的地方居住讓他們的關(guān)系更密切，一家人認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)成功的事情。故選A。26.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family可知，很多人會(huì)受Marian Robinson的影響，所以這會(huì)形成一種潮流。故選D 。27.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句可知，在20世紀(jì)60年代人們都希望離開(kāi)家，以此來(lái)證明自己的獨(dú)立。故選 C。28.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段推知，作者建議人們要明智，不要為了孩子而做出犧牲。故選A ?！?014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷】CA typical lion tamer(馴獸師) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In reality, its the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to becometake immediate action. If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.C. Respectful. D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to _A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance29. A推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.”可知，當(dāng)關(guān)注的東西很分散時(shí)，獅子開(kāi)始變得困惑，人們與獅子相似，在面臨很多選擇時(shí)也會(huì)感到困惑，不知道該怎么做。故選A。30. B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best”可知，專家們正忙于討論哪一種選擇是最好的，這令作者苦惱，由此推斷作者對(duì)專家的態(tài)度是懷疑的。故選B。31. C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started.”可知，當(dāng)世界在你面前揮舞著一把椅子時(shí)，你要集中精力做一件事。故選C。記敘文真題回放【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】CI am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細(xì)胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17A provider B delivery man C collector D medical doctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.D.Theicewontlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondonB.ToNewarkC.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington【答案】29.B30. D31.B【解析】考點(diǎn)：故事類短文閱讀。試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者在一次運(yùn)送造血干細(xì)胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷，表現(xiàn)了人們之間的友愛(ài)。29.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容Ive done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段內(nèi)容可知作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人，也就是delivery man。故選B 。30. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小時(shí)適宜的溫度。故選D 。31.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，這位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故選 B?！?015湖北卷】BWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isntprerequisitefor a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can（裝罐）and preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that every has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草) and foods for that fresh flavor”, she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony（陽(yáng)臺(tái)）? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “theyre very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think its a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food, knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food shes eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understandingthe bigger picture,” she said, “that if we dont take care of the earth, no will.”55.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to “_”.A. recipe B. substitute C. requirement D. challenge56.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A. They are used daily.B. They are easy to grow.C. They can grow very tallD. They can be eaten uncooked57.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A. It can preserve their best flavor B. It can promote her online salesC. It can better her cooking skills D. It can improve their nutrition58.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?A. The knowledge about good foodB. The way to live a grow-our-own lifeC. The joy of getting in touch with foods D. The responsibility to protect our earth56.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Start with herbs Just a little of the herbs ”可知香草很容易生長(zhǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。57.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“there is a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor. I try to keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,”可知將種植的事物裝入密封罐中保存的好處是能夠保持最佳的風(fēng)味。故選A項(xiàng)。58.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中尾句“that if we dont take care of the earth, no one will”可知the bigger picture指的是保護(hù)地球的責(zé)任。故選D項(xiàng)。【考點(diǎn)定位】記敘文閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】記敘文體裁特點(diǎn)是：人不離事,事不離人。寫人的文章事情是重點(diǎn)；記事的文章人物是關(guān)鍵。考生要注意抓住故事情節(jié)，理解文章脈絡(luò)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注作者重墨潑就的細(xì)節(jié)描寫，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的寫作意圖。同時(shí)還要把握人物的情緒起伏,要進(jìn)入“角色”，客觀做題。本文順應(yīng)當(dāng)前社會(huì)生活潮流，介紹了園藝和食品保存大師Theresa Loe如何利用陽(yáng)臺(tái)、小院在喧囂繁忙的大都市里過(guò)田園生活。