泛讀教程unit 4 work

2021/6/301Unit 4 Why People Worki i2021/6/302Lead-in Why do people work,apart from earning a living?2021/6/303Lead-in Famous Sayings:Work is the grand cure for all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.(Thoas Carlyle,British historian)工作是良藥，能醫(yī)治一切困擾人的疾苦。工作是良藥，能醫(yī)治一切困擾人的疾苦。(英國歷史學家英國歷史學家 卡萊爾卡萊爾.T.)2.Work banishes those three great evils:boredom,vice,and poverty.(Voltaire,French Philosopher)工作攆跑三個魔鬼：無聊，墮落和貧窮。工作攆跑三個魔鬼：無聊，墮落和貧窮。(法國哲學家法國哲學家 伏爾泰伏爾泰)3.To youth I have three words of counsel-work,work and work.(Otto Btismarck,Greman statesman)對于青年，我的忠告只有三個詞對于青年，我的忠告只有三個詞工作，工作，工作。工作，工作，工作。(德國政治家德國政治家 俾斯俾斯麥麥.O.)2021/6/304Lead-in 4.I do not like work-no man does-but I like what is in the work-the chance to find your self.(Conrad Joseph,British novelist)我不喜歡工作我不喜歡工作沒有人會喜歡工作。但是我喜歡在所從事的工作中沒有人會喜歡工作。但是我喜歡在所從事的工作中找到發(fā)現(xiàn)自找到發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的機會。己的機會。(英國小說家英國小說家 約瑟夫約瑟夫.C.)5.One of the symptoms of approaching nervous breakdown is the belief that ones.work is terribly important,and that to take a holiday would bring all kinds of disaster,If I were a medical man,I should precribe a holiday to many patient who consicered his work important.(Bernard Russell,British philosopher)神經(jīng)即將崩潰的癥狀之一是相信自己的工作極端重要，休假將會帶來種種災難。如果神經(jīng)即將崩潰的癥狀之一是相信自己的工作極端重要，休假將會帶來種種災難。如果我是醫(yī)生，我給這樣的病人開的藥方是：休假。我是醫(yī)生，我給這樣的病人開的藥方是：休假。(英國哲學家英國哲學家 羅素羅素.B.)6.To do great work a man must be very idle as well as very industrious.(Samuel Bubler,American educator)要從事偉大的工作，一個人必須既非常勤勞又非常空閑。要從事偉大的工作，一個人必須既非常勤勞又非?？臻e。(美國教育家美國教育家 勃特勒勃特勒.S.)2021/6/305Lead-in 2021/6/306Word pretest1.There was a smile of contentment on the teachers face when he saw the students performance in the speech contest.A.Irony-the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite,typically for humorous or emphatic effect反話，諷刺B.confusion-uncertainty about what is happening,intended,or required不確定；疑惑C.satisfaction-fulfilment of ones wishes,expectations,or needs,or the pleasure derived from this滿意，滿足 contentment-noun.a state of happiness and satisfaction滿意；滿足2021/6/307Word pretest2.He gradually accumulated a large number of books.A.collected-adjective.(of a person)not perturbed or distracted（人）鎮(zhèn)靜的；泰然自若的 B.appreciated-appreciableprib()ladjective.large or important enough to be noticed大得（或重要得）可察覺到的，相當可觀的 C.wrote Accumulated-gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of聚集；積累2021/6/308Word pretest3.Many philosophers spend much of their time in contemplation.A.debating-debate:argue about(a subject),especially in a formal manner爭論，討論 B.thinkingC.writing Contemplation-noun.the action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time注視，凝視2021/6/309Word pretest4.A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick.A.provide-verb.make available for use;supply提供，供應；供給 B.carry out-If youcarry outa threat,task,or instruction,you do it or act according to it.實行 C.develop-verb.grow or cause to grow and become more mature,advanced,or elaborate（使）成長，發(fā)育；發(fā)展Fulfill-verb.bring to completion or reality;achieve or realize(something desired,promised,or predicted)完成，使應驗；實現(xiàn)（愿望，諾言，預言）2021/6/3010Word pretest5.There was no compulsion on him to go with her.He could stay at home if he liked.A.requirementB.suggestion C.force-noun.strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement力，力量compulsion-noun.the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something;constraint（被）強迫，（被）強制2021/6/3011Word pretest6.He has been exerting pressure on me to change my mind.A.putting B.adding C.lifting-v.raise to a higher position or level抬起，舉起Exert-verb.apply or bring to bear(a force,influence,or quality)運用（力）；施加（影響）；發(fā)揮（品質）E.g.the moon exerts a force on the Earth 月球對地球施加作用力 exerting influence over the next generation 對下一代施加影響2021/6/3012Word pretest7.The tired old man craved for water and sleep.A.desired B.asked C.begged-beg:verb.ask someone earnestly or humbly for something懇求某人給予 Crave-verb.feel a powerful desire for(something)渴望；熱望2021/6/3013Word pretest8.Each person has his unique fingerprints.A.interesting B.only C.special Unique-adjective.being the only one of its kind;unlike anything else獨一無二的；獨特的2021/6/3014Word pretest9.Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming?A.responsible for B.related to C.caused by Attribute-verb.regard something as being caused by 把歸因于；把歸咎于E.g.he attributed the firms success to the efforts of the managing director 他把公司的成就歸功于總經(jīng)理的努力2021/6/3015Word pretest10.Vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet.A.medicine-B.ingredient-noun.any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish配料，原料C.replacement-n,the action or process of replacing someone or something替代，更換；復位substitute-n.a person or thing acting or serving in place of another代替物;v.use or add in place of用代替 E.g.I found someone to substitute for me 我找到了一個人接替我Customs officers substituted the drugs with another substance海關官員用另外一種東西替換了毒品2021/6/3016 Text 1 Why People WorkGlobal reading:1.Skim the text and find out the main idea Work contributes a lot to human satisfation.2.Scan the passage and answer the multiple choice questions on page 54.Answer:CAACCBBB 2021/6/3017 Text 1 A History of Music in AmericaGlobal reading:3.Structure of the textp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.p.3-6:why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.p.6:transitionp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.p.9-12:why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction?p.13:Conclusion 2021/6/3018PART ONElMain idea:lp.1-2:Introduction:work provides much happiness and contentment to us.2021/6/3019PART ONElWhat can jobs and work provide for people?2021/6/3020Language PointslIf there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1l實際上實際上,如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風俗制度對人們如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風俗制度對人們獲得的滿足所作的貢獻，那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料獲得的滿足所作的貢獻，那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料中大。中大。2021/6/3021Language Pointsadd up(adding,added,adds):PHRASAL VERB If you add up numbers or amounts,or if you add them up,you calculate their total.把把加起來加起來E.g.Add up the total of those six games.把那場比賽的總分加起來。把那場比賽的總分加起來。We just added all the numbers up and divided one by the other.我們只是把所有的數(shù)加起來，然后用一個除以另一個。我們只是把所有的數(shù)加起來，然后用一個除以另一個。2021/6/3022Language Pointsinstitution/nsttjun/CET4 TEM4N-COUNT/N-IN-NAMES An institution is a large important organization such as a university,church,or bank.機構機構E.g.financial institutions.金融機構。金融機構。2021/6/3023Language PointslIf there were,in fact,some way of adding up the contribution to human satisfaction of the major human institutions in society,I would guess that work institutions contribute a surprisingly large share.L1l實際上實際上,如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風俗制度對人們如果能夠計算出人類社會主要的風俗制度對人們獲得的滿足所作的貢獻，那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料獲得的滿足所作的貢獻，那我想工作制度的貢獻會比意料中大。中大。2021/6/3024Language Pointslintangible /ntndbl/lthat cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped;indefinable 難以捉摸的難以捉摸的;難以理解的難以理解的;無法確無法確定的定的:lE.g.The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it.l那座古老建筑物周圍籠罩著說不出的凄涼氣氛。那座古老建筑物周圍籠罩著說不出的凄涼氣氛。l他們倆的感情說不清道不明。他們倆的感情說不清道不明。lTheir relationship is quite intangible.2021/6/3025Language PointslWell-being:N-UNCOUNTSomeoneswell-beingis their health and happiness.健康快樂lE.g.：Singing can create a sense of well-being.l唱歌能產生一種幸福感。2021/6/3026Language Pointsl分析：這是一個主從復合句。分析：這是一個主從復合句。lto which work provides the more intangible,but more crucial,psychological well-being 是是 extent 的定的定語從句。語從句。lthat can make the difference between a full and an empty life 是是 psychological well-being 的定語從句。的定語從句。lintangible，crucial 和和 psychological 這三個形容詞很容這三個形容詞很容易被誤認為是平行結構，事實上，易被誤認為是平行結構，事實上，intangible，crucial是是修飾修飾 psychological well-being 的。的。l翻譯本句不能用直譯，例如翻譯本句不能用直譯，例如extent 就不能直接譯出來。就不能直接譯出來。故采用意譯為主。故采用意譯為主。l 2021/6/3027PART TWOlMain idea:lp.3-5why people do not relate work with human satisfaction.Historical reasons:a.the Greeks b.The Middle Ages2021/6/3028lWhy is it a surprise to learn that work has positive contribution to the individuals happiness?2021/6/3029Cultural NotesPlatol(?427-347BC)an ancient Greek philosopher,who had a very great influence on European philosophy.He explained his ideas in the form of written conversations.His teacher was Socrates,and after Socrates death he established a school called the Academy,where Aristotle was one of his students.His most famous work is The Republic,about the perfect state and form of government.2021/6/3030Language PointsRestrict /rstrkt/V-TIf yourestrictsomethingtoa particular group,only that group can do it or have it.Ifyourestrictsomethingtoa particular place,it is allowed only in that place.限定 E.g.：Trustees had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.董事們已經(jīng)決定把大學入學率限定在申請人數(shù)的30左右。2021/6/3031a c c u m u l a t e /k j u m j l e t/C E T 4 TEM4(accumulating,accumulated,accumulates)gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of(sth);get(sth)in this way 積累積累,聚積（某物）聚積（某物）;聚聚集而成（某事物）集而成（某事物）:E.g.accumulate enough evidence to ensure his convictionl搜集足夠的證據(jù)以給他定罪搜集足夠的證據(jù)以給他定罪 l By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.l她由於投資精明而積蓄了一筆財產她由於投資精明而積蓄了一筆財產.2021/6/3032lcompulsion/kmpln/n (to do sth)l U compelling or being compelled 強迫強迫;強制強制;被迫被迫:lI refuse to act under compulsion.l我決不能讓人逼著做事.l C urge(esp to behave in an irrational way)that one cannot resist（不能克制的）欲望（不能克制的）欲望,沖動沖動,要求（尤指要求（尤指不合情理的行為）不合情理的行為）:la compulsion to destroy thingsl 毀物欲2021/6/3033PART THREElMain idea:lp.7-8:Work can realize ones potential,while the absence of work is frightening.2021/6/3034lWhy do institutions dealing with mental health problems establish workshop?lWhat are the effects of the absence of work?2021/6/3035Language Pointslrenew/rnju/CET4 TEM4(renewing,renewed,renews)l1.V-TIf yourenewan activity,you begin it again.重新開始lE.g.：He renewed his attack on government policy toward Europe.l他重新開始抨擊政府的歐洲政策。l2.V-TYou can say that somethingis renewedwhen it grows again or is replaced after it has been destroyed or lost.獲得新生;(遭毀壞或損失后)再生lE.g.：Natures repair process is slow and steady,with cells being constantly renewed.l自然的修復過程緩慢而穩(wěn)定，在此過程中細胞不斷再生。2021/6/3036Language Pointslacute/kjut/CET4 TEM4l1.ADJYou can useacuteto indicate that an undesirable situation or feeling is very severe or intense.嚴峻的lE.g.：The war has aggravated an acute economic crisis.l這場戰(zhàn)爭加劇了一場嚴峻的經(jīng)濟危機。lThe report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.l這份報告使政府極其尷尬。2021/6/3037PART FOURlMain idea:lp.9-12:A sense of accomplishment in work is a significant source of human satisfaction.2021/6/3038lWhat can wealthy people get from their work?lAccording to the passage,what can enrich our personality and make use of ourselves?2021/6/3039lstimulate/stmjlet/lCET4 TEM4(stimulating,stimulated,stimulates)l1.V-TTostimulatesomething means to encourage it to begin or develop further.鼓勵;刺激lE.G.：Americas priority is rightly to stimulate its economy.l美國的首要任務自然是刺激經(jīng)濟。2021/6/3040l attributable L52l/trbjtbl/adj pred 作表語作表語 to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可歸屬或歸因於某人某事物:lE.g.Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo?l 這幅畫是米開朗琪羅畫的嗎？lattribute l/trbjt/v Tn.pr sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to,caused by or produced by sb/sth 歸因于:l He attributes his success to the help of his wife.l他認為能成功是由於他老婆的幫助.2021/6/3041PART FIVElp.13:Conclusion 2021/6/3042lCan we gain an equivalent amount of pride and fulfillment if we do not work?Why?2021/6/3043lIt is probably not much more sensible to ask the question about working to live and living to work than it is to play the“l(fā)ive-to-eat or eat-to-live”theme.L56l問有關為活而工作和為工作而活的問題跟討論“為吃而生存或為生存而吃”的主題相比，高明不到哪去。2021/6/3044 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:Reading comprehension:Answer:CAACCBBB 2021/6/3045 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:Use of english:Go off:1.PHRASAL VERBIf an explosive device or a gungoes off,it explodes or fires.(炸彈炸彈)爆炸爆炸;(槍槍)開擊開擊2.PHRASAL VERBIf an alarm bellgoes off,it makes a sudden loud noise.(警報器警報器)突發(fā)巨響突發(fā)巨響3.PHRASAL VERBIf an electrical devicegoes off,it stops operating.(電氣設備電氣設備)停止運作停止運作 2021/6/3046 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:Go over:PHRASAL VERBIf yougo overa document,incident,or problem,you examine,discuss,or think about it very carefully.仔仔細檢查細檢查e.g.I wont know how successful it is until an accountant has gone over the books.我要等到會計仔細查看了賬目后才會知道盈利狀況如何。我要等到會計仔細查看了賬目后才會知道盈利狀況如何。Go back on:HRASAL VERBIf yougo back ona promise or agreement,you do not do what you promised or agreed to do.背離背離(諾言、協(xié)議等諾言、協(xié)議等)e.g.：The budget crisis has forced the president to go back on his word.預算危機已迫使該總統(tǒng)背離了自己的承諾。預算危機已迫使該總統(tǒng)背離了自己的承諾。2021/6/3047 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:Go round:四處走動；供應；（消息）流傳四處走動；供應；（消息）流傳 Go out of business:停止經(jīng)商，歇業(yè)；生意失敗停止經(jīng)商，歇業(yè)；生意失敗 Go from bad to worse:(處境、行為、病情等處境、行為、病情等)越來越壞，越來越糟，越來越壞，越來越糟，每況愈下每況愈下 2021/6/3048 Text 1 Why People WorkUse of english:1.By the time I opened the can its contents had gone off.2.Ill go over how it works before you try it yourself.3.I was told that it would be repaired free of charge,but the man in the shop has gone back on his promise.4.The book was so popular that there werent enough copies to go around.5.His shop has gone out of business after making heavy losses.6.Trade has gone from bad to worse and staff are being laid off.2021/6/3049 Text 1 Why People WorkPost reading:STEMS:B A D A A C 2021/6/3050 Unit 4 Work Section B:ACB FTF ACD BCB TFT 2021/6/3051 Unit 4 Work Section C:FTFTFTFTFT 2021/6/3052Thank you!若有不當之處，請指正，謝謝！若有不當之處，請指正，謝謝！