2020年人教版中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第一講 名詞 講練結(jié)合
【名詞的分類】類別專有名詞中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)第一講 名詞意義 例詞表示人、地方、事物、機構(gòu)、組織等名稱的詞 Lucy,China,The Great Wall可個體名詞表示個體的人或事物的詞pencil,chair,dog普通數(shù)集體名詞表示一群人或一類事物family,police,class,group,team名詞不 物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞rice,water,air,wood可數(shù)抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞 knowledge,danger,health考點一:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1)規(guī)則變化:一般在詞尾加-s以 s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加-es以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞, 把 y 變?yōu)?#160;i,再加-esbook-books toy-toys day-days boy-boysclass-classes bus-buses box-boxes fox-foxesdish-dishes watch-watchesbaby-babies city-citiesfactory-factoriesdictionary-dictionaries以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞, 一般把 f 或 fe 改為 v, 再加-esleaf-leaveshalf-halvesthief-thievesknife-kniveswife-wiveslife-lives以 o 結(jié)尾2)不規(guī)則變化:有生命的,加 es無生命的,加 spotato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroesradio-radios zoo-zoos photo-photos男女少,鼠腳牙(數(shù)腳丫)中日魚鹿羊,單復(fù)是同形man-men woman-women child-childrenmouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teethChinese,Japanese,fish,deer,sheep中日不變英法變, 其他后面加 sChinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenGerman-Germans二、不可數(shù)名詞下列名詞常做不可數(shù)名詞用,很少見到它們被用作可數(shù)名詞:肉類液體顆粒、細微物其余beef chicken mutton pork fish meatwater milk coffee tea honey yogurt orange juicerice salt sand hairbread advice weather work news paper information knowledgemoney time music health fruit fun三、既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞CchickenUC雞雞肉種類foodCUC種類泛指種類roomCUC房間空間作品fishU魚肉、條數(shù)fruitU泛指workU工作三、重難點1.復(fù)合名詞:1)前面的名詞是 man, woman,變復(fù)數(shù)時,復(fù)合名詞的兩個名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時,只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。man teacher-men teacherswoman doctor-women doctorsboy student-boy studentsapple tree-apple trees2)有些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式或者習(xí)慣上常用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,常用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。clothes shopsports car2.集體名詞:1)既有復(fù)數(shù)形式又有單數(shù)形式的集體名詞(family,police,class,group,team)A.視為這個群體的所有人時,看作復(fù)數(shù)。 eg: My family are watching TV.B.指代這個整體,看作單數(shù)。 eg: My family is big.C.表示一個整體時,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示多個這樣的群體。 eg: There are 500 families in the village.2)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的集體名詞clothespantsjeansshortstrousersglasses(眼鏡)注意:這類名詞不能用具體的數(shù)字進行修飾,也不能加 a/an,但可以用 a pair of/two pairs of/many 等修飾。the glasses(復(fù)數(shù))a pair of glasses(單數(shù))two pairs of glasses(復(fù)數(shù))考點二 名詞所有格一、s所有格1.構(gòu)成一般情況直接加s以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,在其后加sKates room Fathers DayTeachers Day parents roomChildrens Day Womens Day2.用法1)表示人或者其他有生命的事物的名詞,如 Lucys office。2)表示時間、距離、價格,如 todays news,ten minutesride,100 dollarsworth。3)人性化的名詞,如 Chinas development,the citys park。4)構(gòu)成不同的節(jié)日,如 New Years Day, April Fool s Day。5)表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅等,如 at the doctors, at the Greens。6)由 and 連接的兩個名詞共同擁有時,只將最后一個名詞變?yōu)樗懈?,如果是各自所有,則每個名詞都變?yōu)樗懈瘢?#160;Jim and Kates room, Jims and Kates rooms。7)不定代詞后接 else,所有格放在 else 后,如 somebody elses。8)有時為了避免重復(fù),可以單獨使用s 所有格,如 This book isnt mine, but Jennys.。9)區(qū)別 family/house/home, job/work, problem/question, voice/noise/sound二 、of 所有格1)一般說來,無生命的名詞用 of 結(jié)構(gòu),如 the gate of the school。2)有時也表示人和其他有生命的名詞的所有格,如 the advice of my parents。3)地名、交通工具名以及與人的活動有關(guān)的無生命的名詞可用of,也可用s,如 the future of China/Chinasfuture, the girls name/the name of the girl。三、雙重所有格當(dāng)冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞等于所有格名詞同時修飾一個名詞時,常用這種結(jié)構(gòu),如 a friend of myfathers。注意比較:a friend of my fathers 強調(diào)我父親不止一位朋友a friend of my father 強調(diào)對我父親友好a picture of Mr Wangs 王先生擁有的許多照片中的一張 a picture of Mr Wang 王先生本人肖像四、重難點他是一個五歲的男孩。 He is a five-year-old boy./ He is five years old.八個小時的睡眠an eight-hour sleep/ eight hours sleep習(xí)題()1.What _ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?A large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. colorB. priceC. sizeD. kind()2.Is the schoolbag under the desk of yours?No, its my _. He left it there just now.A. brotherB. brothersC. brothers()3.What a good _ _ youve given me! Thanks a lot. My pleasure.A. informationB. newsC. suggestionD. advice()4.Its convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.Yes. Its said that _ is enough.A. fifteen minutes driveB. fifteen-minutes driveC. fifteen minutes driveD. fifteen minutes drive()5._ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _ teachers.A. A number of; womenB. A number of; womanC. The number of; womenD. The number of; woman()6.How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha?It is a _ flight .A. 2-hour-longB. 2-hours-longC. 2 hours longD. 2 hour long()7.When isDay?Its on June 1st, Dave.A. ChildB. ChildrenC. ChildsD. Childrens()8.The park is far away from here indeed its about _ walkA. Three hourB. a three hoursC. a three-hoursD. a three-hour()9.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _.A. some riceB. a few riceC. a little ricesD. a rice()10.Mr. Black is a teacher of _. She and her classmates like him very much.A. my sisterB. my sistersC. my sistersD. my sisters()11.Excuse me, is the museum far from here?No, its about _.A. 5 minutes walkB. 5 minute walkC. 5 minutes walkD. 5 minutes walk()12.-Hows Joys skirt?-Her skirt is more beautiful than.A.her sisters and KateB.her sister and KateC.her sister and KatesD. her sisters and Kates()13.How manydo we need to make fruit salad?-Two should be enough.A.cabbageB.potatoesC.bananasD.lemon()14.-What do you usually have for breakfast? -.A. Two pieces of breadsB.Two pieces of breadC.Two pieces breadD.Two piece of bread()15.-What can you see in the picture?-I can see nine.A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.deers()16. It is said that twoand threeare going to visit our school next week.A.German;JapaneseB.Germany;JapanC.Germanys;JapansD.Germans;Japanese()17.-Help yourself to.-Thanks,Mr. Brown.A.some chickensB.a chickenC.some chickenD.any chicken()18.John is anboy.A.8 years oldB.8-year-oldC.8-years-oldD. 8 year old()19.-What a hot day! I am a bit thirsty. -Would you like some?A.noodlesB.meatC.water.D.bread()20. She was excited to receive a dozen roses from her husband onDay.A.WomanB.WomenC.WomansD.Womens