陜西省2013年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題升級(jí)訓(xùn)練卷十九 信息匹配（二）

2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語陜西版專題升級(jí)訓(xùn)練十九信息匹配（二）（一）AForecasting ResearchBWell­known Weather ForecastersCSevere Weather EventsDWeather ForecastingEThe Forecasting ProcessFHistorical Background1The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting.As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology，weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19th century.2Throughout most of history，forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.With the development of the telegraph in the mid­1800s，weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.Current weather­forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction.Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.Since then，computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting.3The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis，extrapolation（推論）to find the future state of the atmosphere，and prediction of particular variables.The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation，but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this.4Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth.Accordingly，the National Weather Service（NWS）commits significant resources to the forecast of such events.Blizzards or strong extra­tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels，with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate.5A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.These include the Next­Generation Radar digital weather radar，which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.In addition，automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys（浮標(biāo)），ships，and aircraft.The communications，processing，and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated（詳述）（二）APeople from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature.BDifferent values are against each other.CCulture differences can cause serious problems.DTalk and silence can be culturally different.ERelationship building is important in different cultures.FUnderstanding people from different culture is not easy.1Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning，people may send the wrong signal.They may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.2Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example，business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work，it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”，usually over a glass of tea，before they do any job.In many European countrieslike the UK or Francepeople find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.3Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and started a lively discussion; instead there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better，I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture，we express meaning mainly through words，but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.4Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly，English and German cultures share similar values; however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact，this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.5People from different parts of the world have different values，and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However，if we can understand them better，a multicultural（多元文化的）environment will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.（三）ANecessity for developing adult educationBEarly days of adult educationCWays of receiving adult educationDPopularity of adult educationEInstitutions of adult educationFFunctions of adult education1Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education.Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults.Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling，get new skills or job training，find out about new technological developments，seek better self­understanding，or develop new talents and skills.2This kind of education may be in the form of self­study with proper guidance through the use of libraries，correspondence courses，or broadcasting.It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges，study groups，workshops，clubs，and professional associations.3Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution.Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system.These and other factors produced a need for further education and re­education of adults.4The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s，with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institute in Glasgow.The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.5People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.For example，parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs.Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.（四）ANot only gives us advice but is free.BWe may control over what we eat.CA new website gives us nutritional analysis.DEating properly does good to our health.EWe have to choose a new and healthy website.FThe recommendations are based on daily f ood.1While we may not have any control over our body shapes and inherited genes（遺傳），we are lucky enough to have control over what we choose to eat.And it is this choice that can make an unbelievable difference to our health and wellbeing（happiness）2Just by eating properly，you and your family can make impressive improvement to your health，weight and energy levels.What you choose to eat can also reduce the risk of many diseases that may cause early death or disability，such as heart disease，cancer and diabetes（糖尿病）3Visit ,_a new website designed to help you work out exactly where your food choices are taking you.For instance，some food and vegetables are fast becoming known as one of the most popular defenses against cancer.But are you consuming enough of them and from the best sources？Or maybe you are constantly feeling very tired.If so，there is a chance your diet is imbalanced.This is where the Formula（a set of principles）for life analysis will help you to work out how much you are missing out on.4The great thing about your analyzing your diet online at Formula for Life is that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically.If you do need to make some adjustments，it can also show how to get back on track for a healthy life.5The recommendations are realistic.Formula for Life will only advise you to change your diet with everyday food.Just thinkno supplements（補(bǔ)品），no special productsjust everyday food available from your local fruit and vegetable store，butcher and supermarket.So forget speculating（猜測(cè)）about how healthily you are eatingget the facts and do something about it with Formula for Life.參考答案 （一） 答案與解析：1答案：D解析：本段主要是關(guān)于Weather Forecasting的簡(jiǎn)單介紹。故D項(xiàng)正確。2答案：F解析：根據(jù)本段的幾個(gè)時(shí)間“in the mid­1800s，in the 1920s，in 1950”及相關(guān)介紹，可知本段是在介紹Weather Forecasting的發(fā)展歷史背景。3答案：E解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps：.”天氣預(yù)報(bào)的過程可以分為以下三個(gè)步驟。可知本段主要介紹預(yù)報(bào)的過程是如何的。4答案：C解析：本段主要介紹惡劣的天氣現(xiàn)象“.severe events（blizzard，hurricane and typhoon，tornado），and so forth”。5答案：A解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.” 一些新的觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)正在開發(fā)以用于天氣預(yù)測(cè)的目的?？芍径沃饕v述關(guān)于預(yù)報(bào)的科研問題。故選A項(xiàng)。（二） 答案與解析：1答案：F解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.”結(jié)識(shí)不同文化的人不是那么容易的。2答案：E解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.”不同的文化在強(qiáng)調(diào)建立關(guān)系重要性的程度是不同的。故選E項(xiàng)。3答案：D解析：從本段第一句可以得出答案“Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.”說話和沉默不語在不同文化中意義不同。4答案：C解析：本段第一句“Even within Northern Europe，cultural differences can cause serious problems.”甚至在北歐，文化差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的問題。故選C項(xiàng)。5答案：B解析：本段主要講不同價(jià)值觀相互排斥。（三） 答案與解析：1答案：F解析：本段主要講adult education的作用和意義。故選F項(xiàng)。2答案：C解析：本段主要講adult education獲得的途徑。文中重要詞匯如“.through the use of.，also be acquired.”，可以看出選C項(xiàng)。3答案：A解析：本段講述adult education發(fā)展的歷史社會(huì)背景。本段最后一句“These and other factors produced a need for further education and re­education of adults.”這諸多的因素使深造和繼續(xù)教育顯得很有必要。4答案：B解析：本段主要介紹了早期的adult education 的途徑。5答案：D解析：本段講目前的adult education。最后一句“Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.”成人教育課程如雨后春筍般不斷涌現(xiàn)以滿足各種需求?？梢缘贸?adult education 已經(jīng)很受人們歡迎。（四）答案與解析：1答案：B解析：本段第一句“.we are lucky enough to have control over what we choose to eat.”我們很幸運(yùn)可以控制我們選擇所吃的東西。2答案：D解析：本段講合理飲食給人帶來的好處。故選D項(xiàng)。3答案：C解析：根據(jù)本段第一句“Visit ,_a new website designed to help.”可知選C項(xiàng)。4答案：A解析：根據(jù)首句“.that it is free to everyone and it gives you a chance to look at your diet realistically” 它是免費(fèi)的，并且給每個(gè)人一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來真實(shí)地看看自己的飲食。5答案：F解析：根據(jù)句首的recommendations可知本段大意選F。- 6 -