2014高考英語 強效提分指南 語法 虛擬語氣

高考英語語法：虛擬語氣一.概念: 動詞虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望, 假設(shè), 猜測, 建議, 請求, 意圖, 設(shè)想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況, 或者在說話人看來實現(xiàn)可能性很小的情況, 而不表示客觀存在的現(xiàn)實二.虛擬語氣的表現(xiàn)形式: 通過句中謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn). 這些特殊形式與謂語動詞的某些時態(tài)相同, 但它們只表示語氣, 而不表示時態(tài), 但含有一定的時間概念虛擬語氣的用法一.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法: 謂語動詞用原形或may +動詞原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法: (使用虛擬語氣的含條件句的復(fù)合句稱為真實條件句)1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用動詞的過去式 (be動詞的過去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might +動詞原形 (should多用于第一人稱, would多用于二三人稱, could / might可用于所有人稱)a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didnt take exercises every day, they wouldnt be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.2.表示與過去事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語用had done形式, 主句的謂語用should / would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterdays exam.c. If you had taken the teachers advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示與將來事實相反的情況時, if從句的謂語形式是: .完全動詞過去式 (be的過去式通常用were); .should +動詞原形; .were to do. 其中, 種情況都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的謂語的形式是: should / would / could / might +動詞原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中用法的幾個變體:1.條件從句省略if: 在書面語中, 如果條件從句中的謂語中有were, had, should等詞, 可將if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略條件從句或主句, 省略部分的含義仍有所體現(xiàn). 省略主句時, 表示己不能實現(xiàn)的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldnt smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起該多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主從句時間不一致時, 主從句謂語動詞的形式取決于要表示的具體時間a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast.4.假設(shè)的條件不以條件從句, 而以其他方式如介詞短語、從句等表達(dá)出來, 這種句子稱為含蓄條件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虛擬語氣在as if / though從句中的用法:1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或?qū)ο嘣谇闆r有所懷疑, as if / though從句謂語用過去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示與過去事實相反的情況, as if / though從句謂語用過去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.五.虛擬語氣在含even if / though從句的復(fù)合句中的用法:在此類復(fù)合句中, 若表示與事實相反, 可用虛擬語氣形式. 主從句的謂語動詞形式與非真實條件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:如果表示說話人的看法, 想法或意見, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that從句中, 主語從句中可用虛擬語氣. 主語從句中謂語動詞用should do表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r, 用should have done表示過去情況a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctors advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法:1.在wish的賓語從句中, 通常表示不可能實現(xiàn)或沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望, 常用虛擬語氣.wish的賓語從句用過去式, 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頉]有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.wish的賓語從句用過去完成式, 表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.wish的賓語從句若用would, 則一般表示請求, 對現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在動詞suggest (建議), advise (建議), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (堅持)后的賓語從句中, 謂語動詞常用( should )+動詞原形的虛擬語氣形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.與名詞suggestion建議 / advice 建議 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有關(guān)的從句(包括同位語從句和表語從句等)中的謂語也用 ( should ) +動詞原形a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c. I was Bills suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虛擬語氣用在句型: It is time that(該做某事了)中: that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式a. It is time we got up.九.虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中謂語形式與wish的賓語從句相同a. If only he didnt drive so fast! ( =I wish he didnt drive so fast.)b. If only he had taken the doctors advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctors advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虛擬語氣用在would rather / prefer后的that從句中: 表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r謂語動詞用過去時形式, 表示過去情況動詞用過去完成時形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue- 5 -