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1、US Civil Rights MovementBeginnings through the 60sBy J.Aaron CollinsAbolitionistsnFrederick Douglas was the editor of an abolitionist newspaper.On a side note.nAre they related?Harriet Tubman nHelped slaves escape via the Underground Railroad.John BrownnHe and his sons brutally murdered 5 slave mast
2、ers in Kansas.(1858)nTried to incite a slave revoltReconstruction 1865-77nAfter the Civil War 1861-1865,the federal government made strides toward equality.nBlacks voted,held many political offices.nThe Freedmens Bureau was a govt program to help Blacks find land,it established schools and colleges.
3、ReconstructionnThe Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed all citizens with equal protection under the law.nThe Fifteenth Amendment said the right to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race.However.nThe Supreme Court decided in Plessy vs.Ferguson that separate institutions are okay if they are equal.
4、nJim Crow laws required that Blacks have separate facilities.Dallas Bus StationJim Crow LawsTexas signJim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsNAACPnFounded in 1909 by W.E.B.DuboisnFought for equalityNAACP fought in the courtsnThurgood Marshall was hired by the NAACP to argue in the Supreme Court agai
5、nst school segregation.He won.nHe was later the 1st Black Supreme Court Justice.Thurgood MarshallBrown vs.Board of Education 1954The FightnMany African Americans and whites risked their lives and lost their lives to remedy this situation.nRosa Parks was not the first,but she was the beginning of som
6、ething special.Montgomery Bus Boycott,1955nRosa Parks was arrested for violating the segregation laws of Montgomery,Alabama.In Response.nFor over a year,Blacks boycotted the buses.nThey carpooled and walked through all weather conditionsMany were arrested for an“illegal boycott”including their leade
7、r.Martin Luther King Jr.nWhile the NAACP fought in the courts,MLKs organization led the boycott.http:/ sacrificenKing was arrested thirty times in his 38 year life.nHis house was bombed or nearly bombed several timesnDeath threats constantlySuccess!nGandhi inspired King to be direct and nonviolent t
8、owards Whites.nViolence never solves problems.It only creates new and more complicated ones.If we succumb to the temptation of using violence in our struggle for justice,unborn generations will be the recipients of a long and desolate night of bitterness,and our chief legacy to the future will be an
9、 endless reign of meaningless chaos.-Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.,Facing the Challenge of a New Age Get ready for your quiz!6 questionsQuizn1.Name 2 abolitionists from the 1800s.n2.Whose arrest sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?n3.Who founded the NAACP in 1909?n4.Who inspired MLKs nonviolent strategie
10、s?n5.Which laws required segregation?n6.Which Supreme Court case integrated schools?What to do next?nYou cant boycott something that doesnt want your business anyway!nA new,nonviolent tactic was needed.Sit insThis was in Greensboro,North CarolinaThey were led not by MLK but by college students!Sit-i
11、n TacticsnDress in you Sunday best.nBe respectful to employees and police.nDo not resist arrest!nDo not fight back!nRemember,journalists are everywhere!Students were ready to take your place if you had a class to attend.Not only were there sit-ins.nSwim ins(beaches,pools)nKneel ins(churches)nDrive i
12、ns(at motels)nStudy-ins(universities)March on Washington 1963nPresident Kennedy was pushing for a civil rights bill.nTo show support,500,000 African Americans went to Washington D.C.School IntegrationnThe attitude of many schools after the 1954 Brown decision was like:FederalismnWhen Federal troops
13、are sent to make states follow federal laws,this struggle for power is called federalism.nThe Civil Rights Movement was mostly getting the federal government to make state governments to follow federal law.Little Rock,Arkansas 1957States were not following federal law.Feds were sent in.James Meredit
14、h,University of Mississippi,escorted to class by U.S.marshals and troops.Oct.2,1962.Ole Miss fought against integration200 were arrested during riots at Ole MissStates ignored the 54 Brown decision,so Feds were sent in.n Voter RegistrationnCORE volunteers came to Mississippi to register Blacks to vo
15、te.These volunteers risked arrest,violence and death every day.The FightnThis man spent 5 days in jail for“carrying a placard.”nSign says“Voter registration worker”Your work is just beginning.If you go back home and sit down and take what these white men in Mississippi are doing to us.if you take it
16、 and dont do something about it.then*%#damn your souls.Voter RegistrationnIf Blacks registered to vote,the local banks could call the loan on their farm.Thousands marched to the Courthouse in Montgomery to protest rough treatment given voting rights demonstrators.The Alabama Capitol is in the backgr
17、ound.March 18,1965High Schoolers jailed for marchingOh Wallace,you never can jail us all,Oh Wallace,segregations bound to fall Bloody SundaynIn Selma,pro-vote marchers face Alabama cops.Selma to Montgomery,AlabamaTending the woundedMarchers cross bridgeMany were arrested.Police set up a rope barrica
18、de.Marchers stayed there for days.Were gonna stand here till it falls,Till it falls,Till it falls,Were gonna stand here till it fallsIn Selma,Alabama.The Supreme Court ruled that protesters had 1st Amendment right to march.Sacrifice for SuffrageCrime ScenenThis woman was killed by the KKK while on h
19、er way to join voter activists in MississippiSelma to Montgomery Part 2Part 2Why march and risk personal injury?Headlines!nPeople around world will convert to your cause if they see you on TV or on the front page of the newspaper.Birmingham,Alabama 1963Police use dogs to quell civil unrest in Birmin
20、gham,Ala.in May of 1963.Birminghams police commissioner Bull Connor also allowed fire hoses to be turned on young civil rights demonstrators.BirminghamBirminghamnWhite America saw 500 kids get arrested and attacked with dogs.nThere was much support now for civil rights legislation.March on Washingto
21、n 1963The event was highlighted by Kings I Have a Dream speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial.August 28,1963.Civil Rights Act of 1964nBanned segregation in public places such as restaurants,busesLyndon B.Johnson 63-68nPushed Civil Rights Act through CongressnPassed more pro-civil rights laws than
22、any other presidentLyndon Baines Johnson(LBJ)nCivil Rights Act of 64nCivil Rights Act of 68nVoting Rights Act of 65n24th Amendment banning poll taxesFreedom RidersnNow it is time to test the small-town bus stops and highways!Freedom RidersnCORE volunteers,White and Black,got on buses and sat inter-r
23、acially on the bus.nThey went into bus station lunch countersFreedom Riders attacked!Mobs also attacked them at the bus stations.HighwaysnThe highways were obviously not safe.James Meredith,right,pulled himself to cover against a parked car after he was shot by a sniper.Meredith had been leading a m
24、arch to encourage African Americans to vote.He recovered from the wound,and later completed the march.June 7,1966Malcolm X and MLKLeft to right:Hosea Williams,Jesse Jackson,Martin Luther King Jr.,Rev.Ralph David Abernathy on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel Memphis hotel,a day before Kings assassin
25、ation.April 3,1968Aides of the Rev.Dr.Martin Luther King point out to police the path of the assassins bullet.Joseph Louw,photographer for the Public Broadcast Laboratory,rushed from his nearby motel room in Memphis to record the scene moments after the shot.Life magazine,which obtained exclusive ri
26、ghts to the photograph,made it public.April 4,1968.Civil Rights legal achievementsnHarry Truman ordered the armed forces AND the government to be desegregated.Dwight D.EisenhowernSent 101st airborne to Little Rock,Arkansas to maintain order.John F.KennedynCalled Coretta Scott King to pledge support
27、while MLK was in jail.nEventually sent federal protection of freedom ridersnProposed need for civil rights legislationThis powerpoint was kindly donated to http:/ is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers.This is a completely free site and requires no registration.Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
US Civil Rights Movement Beginnings through the 60s我們開始在60年代民權運動
