U4 oxford 課后練習(xí)答案

Section Four: Text AppreciationThis essay is definitely categorized as a piece of literature in the full and deep sense, for with its unique beauty and charm it succeeds in cultivating and fostering special feelings and attitudes towards Oxford among the readers. There are three elements making the writing highly literary. The first is the authors effort to create a general impression of Oxford upon the readers, rather than present accurate detailed facts. The second element is the romantic atmosphere the author creates. The third is uplifting inspiration as advocated by neo-classicists. On Page 59 of the textbook, several examples of these elements have been given. Can you give another three examples in the text that illustrate the three elements?à1)An example of creating a general impression of Oxford upon the readers rather than presenting accurate detailed facts to them can be found in Paragraph 3: “I remember myself, as a child, visiting Oxford, and thinking that some of the buildings were almost shamefully ruinous of aspect; now that I am wiser I know that we have in these battered and fretted palace-fronts a kind of beauty that fills the mind with an almost despairing sense of loveliness, till the heart aches with gratitude, and thrills with the desire to proclaim the glory of the sight aloud.”2)An example of the romantic atmosphere the author creates can be found in Paragraph 4: “that give a glimpse and a hintno moreof a fairy-land of shelter and fountains within.”3)An example of uplifting inspiration can be found in Paragraph 7: “the ideals that may not make for immediate national greatness, but which, if delicately and faithfully nurtured, hold out at least a hope of affecting the intellectual and spiritual life of the world.”Section Five: Consolidation ActivitiesLanguage WorkI. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. à stimulated or excited byused to the greatest advantage2.à decayed in appearanceis filled withis excited by3.à reflecting; showing4.à sense; suggestionreveal clearly; manifest5.à a thing that people can choose freely as they please a prevailing standard of belief or conduct; state of the mind 6.à companionship; company II. Choose a word that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. à CExplanation: vaccination: 接種疫苗valence: 化合價(jià)vagrancy: 流浪variance: （意見(jiàn)）分歧“Vagrancy” and “begging” are symmetrical, and more logical as a match in this sentence than the other three options. Thus C is the most suitable choice for the sentence.2. à AExplanation: congenial: agreeable or pleasantcongressional: of or about congressconga: to perform conga, a dance of Latin-American origin in which the dancers form a long winding line 跳康茄舞cognizant: aware or consciousJudging from the context, “she” is looking for an agreeable place to live in, for which meaning “congenial” is the best match.3. à BExplanation: cornice: ornamental moulding, e.g. in plaster, round the walls of a room, just below the ceiling 飛檐captivity: the state of being kept imprisoned or enclosedcloister: covered passage that surrounds one side of a square garden in a church, monastery etc. 回廊contemplation: quiet, serious thinking about somethingFrom the context we can see the Italian hostage was imprisoned for six weeks, so we should choose “captivity” for the blank.4. à DExplanation: at hand: coming soon, easy to reach in hand: being worked on or dealt with, in ones possession or control, under considerationoff hand: immediately, without time to think about it or find out about somethingout of hand: promptly, out of control From the context we can see the absenteeism has got out of control, that is, out of hand, so D is the best choice.5. à AExplanation: Only A can go together with “investigation”.instigate: cause (sth.) to begin or happen, initiatepinch: take or hold (sth.) in a tight grip between the thumb and fingerscreen: conceal, protect or shelter sth. /sb. with a screeninfuse: put (a quality) into sb. /sth. 6. à DExplanation: ornament: decorationaltar: table or raised flat-topped platform on which offerings are made to a godecclesiasticism: exaggerated attachment to the practices or principles of the Christian Church 教會(huì)中心主義，教條主義appropriation: the process of saving money for a special purpose, or the money that is saved, especially by a business or government 撥款 Apparently, Samuel Morse requested some money from the Congress, so “appropriation” is suitable for the blank.7.à DExplanation: pomp (n.): splendid display or magnificence, esp. at a public eventquaint: attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned akin: similar, relatedoptimistic: believing that good things will happen in the future Among the four words, only “optimistic” can be matched with “about”, and expresses an attitude towards the coming championship.8. à AExplanation: Only A suits the sentence semantically.show up: make known the real truth aboutshow off: put out nicely for peopleput out: extinguish (a fire), force to leaveput away: put sth. in a proper place 9. à CExplanation: From the former part of the sentence we can see Mara only had a brief look at him. In the four words given, “hint” means “indirect suggestion” and “sight” means “ability to see, vision”. These two words do not express the meaning of “quick look”. Both “glance” and “glimpse” have the meaning of “a quick look at someone or something”, but a “glance” means the act of quickly looking at someone or something, i.e. the process of looking, while a “glimpse” is a sight that you see by chance for a very short time, i.e. the result of looking. In a way we can say “glimpse” is the result of “glance”. People “take a glance at sth.” and “get/catch a glimpse of” it. In the sentence, there is the word “caught”, indicating the result is emphasized, so C is the best choice.10. à BExplanation: ardent: full of ardour, enthusiasticarbitrary: based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reasonhustling: in a rough and hurried mannerdarting: moving with sudden speedThe former part of the sentence says that we did not actually understand the issue at hand before decision-making, so the choice could not have been based on thorough consideration or reason; it may well be “arbitrary” (based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason). III.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs or collocations from the text.1. à potentExplanation: From the context we can see the sentence intends to tell that the drug is effective but has side effects. “Potent” means “(for drugs) having a strong effect”.e.g. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.2. à picturesqueExplanation: A “travelogue” is a film or piece of writing that describes travel in a particular country, or a particular persons travels. For such kind of writing the language is usually “picturesque” (meaning “strikingly expressive or vivid”), or poetic.3.à entwinesExplanation: “Entwine” means to twist two things together or to wind one thing around another. In this sentence, the documentary combines, or “entwines”, the personal and the political.4. à sturdyExplanation: A resistance is usually either strong and powerful, or weak and passive. A strong and powerful resistance is a “sturdy” one.5. àIntoxicatedExplanation: He lost his orientation because of his indulgence in the honours he got, that is, he was too excited and could not think clearly. “Intoxicated” just means “too excited and unable to think clearly”.6. à porticoExplanation: The guests could only have reached a place. In the given words, only “portico” (柱廊) is a place.7. à ruinousExplanation: Gambling is destructive to working class young men; that is what the sentence conveys judging from the context. Hence “ruinous” (meaning “causing great harm and destruction”) is the word for the blank in the sentence.8. à imperishableExplanation: The second part of the sentence indicates that the beauty of the Byzantine buildings is lasting. “Imperishable” means “l(fā)asting forever, or never weakening with age”. IV.Proof-reading. 1.à be beingExplanation: “Admit to sth./doing sth.” is the right collocation. “To” is a preposition.e.g. He admits to not having won any prizes or scholarships.Trying to measure what will happen in the next two decades is a hazardous task and the Central Planning Bureau admits to uncertainty.2.à which thatExplanation: “Some action will affect something else” is an appositive clause attached to “an illogical belief”. It should be introduced by “that”, not “which” .3.à related unrelatedExplanation: A superstition usually establishes reluctant relationships between two “unrelated” things or actions.4.à includes includingExplanation: The predicate of this sentence is “has been revered”, so “include” must be put in the form of “nonfinite verb”. Its “ing participle” is needed specifically.5. à soundly soundExplanation: “Seem” (a linking verb) should be followed by an adjective instead of an adverb.6. à their itsExplanation: The antecedent of the pronoun here is “voodooism”, which is singular, not plural.7.à physically a asExplanation: “Suffer physically” and “a result of injury” should be connected by a linking word, otherwise they make no sense together. “As a result of sth.” (meaning “because of sth.”) can link “suffer physically” and “injury”.8.à questioning questionedExplanation: The subject of the sentence is the object of the verb “question”, so the “ed participle” should be used to indicate the passive voice.9. à an /Explanation: “In accordance with” is a phrasal expression. in accordance with a rule/law/wish/etc.: following or obeying a rule/law/wish/etce.g. In accordance with her wishes, she was buried in France.10.à intend intentionExplanation: “Original” is an adjective, and should be followed by a noun. The noun form of “intend” is “intention”.V. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word. 1. à upExplanation: “Up to” is used to say that something is less than or equal to but not more than a stated value, number or level.e.g. Up to two hundred people were on board the ship.We can teach dancers up to intermediate level here. 2. à responsibilityExplanation: The words or phrases after the word “for” are the things the Vice-Chancellor is responsible for, so “responsibility” is a suitable word put before “for”.3. à figureExplanation: “Public figure” (公眾人物，社會(huì)名人) is a phrasal expression. 4. à bodyExplanation: “Body” can refer to a group of people working or acting as a unit. e.g. a body of troops / supporters / people, etc. an elected body A government body is investigating the problem. 5. à fourExplanation:The listed committees after the colon are four. 6. à restsExplanation: rest with: lie with; be the responsibility of e.g. The fate of these prisoners rests with the judgeIt rests with you to decide7. à DivisionsExplanation: The key is indicated by the next sentence: “Each division”8. à thoughExplanation: The parenthetical expression here expresses concession. The sentence means “although the thirty-nine colleges are independent and self-governing, they form a core element of the University”.9. à whomExplanation: The antecedent modified by this non-restrictive attributive clause is “Fellows”, so the relative pronouns who and whom can be used to introduce the clause. Then this pronoun occurs after the preposition “of”, so “whom” is the suitable word.10. à undergraduateExplanation: According to common sense, a college often offers undergraduate and graduate degrees. “Graduate” is already mentioned in the sentence, so “undergraduate” is the missing word.TranslationI. Translate the following paragraph into English. Hints播撒的種子 sow the seeds of高貴的簡(jiǎn)樸 stately simplicity寧?kù)o的莊嚴(yán) quiet solemnity不可遏制的激情 unbridled enthusiasm無(wú)法言喻的興奮 inexpressible thrill 古典學(xué)問(wèn)的養(yǎng)料 nutriments of classical learning人類文明不朽的紀(jì)念碑 imperishable monuments of human civilization精神生活的天堂 paradise for spiritual lifeKey The University of Oxford casts a magic spell over many people. It is deemed as a garden where the seeds of beauty and emotion, of wisdom and understanding are sown. Over there, classical buildings fuse the intellectual spirit of Greece and the dignified magnificence of Rome. Its special charm lies in melodious bells, stately simplicity, quiet solemnity, unbridled enthusiasm, the tide of youthful life, and ardent hope. All spirits, generous and delicate, pay homage to it and all hearts feel an inexpressible thrill at the sight of its towers and domes, its walls and groves. You are likely to find yourself immersed in the nutriments of classical learning, wondering at imperishable monuments of human civilization, and to find yourself greatly stirred up by the beating pulse of modern life, feeling an urge to create a new world. You are likely to set ideals which extend from immediate success to immortal glory. In a sense, the University of Oxford is not only a school to make you an earthly success, but also a paradise for your spiritual life. So you may enjoy a kind of satisfying isolation if you are granted an opportunity to pursue studies in the University of Oxford.II. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.à牛津具有一種絕非英國(guó)所特有的精神，這種精神超越民族，為更廣泛的人類所共有。這種精神與在任何國(guó)家、任何時(shí)代造就了熾熱人類靈魂永垂不朽豐碑的精神相似。牛津部落是這樣一群人：從他們心中噴涌出了大衛(wèi)詩(shī)篇；荷馬、索?？死账?、柏拉圖、維吉爾、但丁和歌德也都是他們的神圣伙伴。人們或許會(huì)說(shuō)，英格蘭那個(gè)壯實(shí)倔強(qiáng)的守護(hù)天使約翰牛會(huì)對(duì)這些影響輕蔑地置之不理；他會(huì)把牛津看作是一件附帶的裝飾，就像在他鑰匙鏈上叮當(dāng)作響的印章一樣。但是那些博雅之士則會(huì)對(duì)牛津悄然起敬，把牛津看作是播種美與情感、智慧與知識(shí)的秘密花園。這樣一些偉大的心靈，即使疾馳過(guò)這座非凡的城市，在她貧瘠的郊區(qū)中，看到那些鐘塔和穹頂，圍墻和樹(shù)叢，也會(huì)感受到不可言喻的興奮。他們會(huì)說(shuō)：我的住所如此美好；他們會(huì)虔誠(chéng)祈禱，在牛津的街道上永無(wú)束縛和怨艾。18