2014高考英語 文章閱讀類 2013暑假練習(xí)題（20）

2014高考英語文章閱讀類：2013暑假練習(xí)題（20）及答案解析 AIt is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all. Garment color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.The researchers believe that the elephants emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Kamba and Maasai people? A. Maasai people are a threat to elephants. B. Kamba people raise elephants for farming. C. Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters. D. Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.42. How did the elephants react to smell in the study? A. They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing. B. They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.C. They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented clothing. D. They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies. 43. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.B. Elephants attack people who wear red clothing. C. Scientists are now able to control elephants emotions. D. Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants emotions very well.參考答案4143、 ADA *結(jié)束 BThe common cold is the worlds most widespread illness, which is probably why there are more myths(神話，想象) about it than any of the other illnesses.The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by coldThey are notThey are caused by viruses passing on from person to personYou catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has oneIf cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them foreverBut they do notAnd in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected(感染的) people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanesAt the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of timeAfter taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be doused(浸入) with cold water, and then stood about dripping（滴干） wet in drafty（通風(fēng)的） roomsSome wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustionNot one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his noseIf cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? In spite of the most painstaking research, no one has yet found the answerOne explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed onNo one has yet found a cure for the coldThere are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms44The fact that the Eskimos dont suffer colds shows that .Acolds are really full of mythsBviruses are the factors causing coldsCcolds are more severe than other illnessesDthe idea that cold leads to colds doesnt stand up45The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 3 made it clear that .Abeing doused with cold water did harm to ones bodyBtaking hot baths made the volunteers easy to be tiredCit was viruses not wet and cold that made people have coldsDpeople who would like to exercise in the rain got colds more easily46According to the passage, colds are commonly seen in winter because .Athere is great difference between indoor and outdoor temperatureBviruses can go into peoples warm bodies more easily in winterCstaying together indoors makes it easier for viruses to pass onDpeople are usually weak because of the extreme cold in winter47What does the passage mainly discuss?AThe reason and the way people catch colds.BThe continued spread of colds.CThe experiments on colds.DThe myths about colds.參考答案4447、DCCA*結(jié)束第二節(jié)： 書面表達（滿分30分）根據(jù)下面的漫畫，聯(lián)系生活實際，寫一篇120150詞左右的英語短文。參考答案及評分標準第二節(jié)（30分）Possible version：In the cartoon，the man enjoys being clever and wishes to do a great jobHowever，regretfully，he is firmly fastened to his original position by the nature of laziness and certainly achieves nothing In fact，you Can see many such examples in lifeJust as the old saying goes，diligence leadsto success while laziness results in failureEvery task requires hard work，from learning Englishto building a houseSome of my classmates ale definitely clever，and they have a strong desireto go to a famous university，but unfortunately，they ate wasting time talking Or playingAndconsequently，they end in failure Therefore，in my opinion，diligence plays a very important role in lifeOnly by workinghard and practicing a lot、are we able to overcome difficulties and achieve our goalsNo one cansucceed just by thinking without any actions書面表達評分原則1. 本題總分為30分，按5檔次給分。2. 評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3. 詞數(shù)少于100，從總分中減去2分。4. 評分時，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準確性及上下文的連貫性。5. 拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可授受。6. 如書寫較差，以至影響交際，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。各檔次的給分范圍和要求第五檔（2630）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。·覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。·應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。·語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些錯誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致；具備較強的語言運用能力。·有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完成達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔（2125）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。·雖漏掉1、2個次重，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。·應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。·語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面用基本準確，些許錯誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。·應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔（1620）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。·雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋主要內(nèi)容。·應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。·有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。·應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。整體而言，基本達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔（1115）未恰當完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。·漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)的內(nèi)容。·語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項目有限。·有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。·較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。信息未能清楚地傳達給讀者。第一檔（610）未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。·明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。·語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項目有限。·較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。·缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。信息未能傳達給讀者。（05）未能傳達給讀者任何信息：內(nèi)容太少，無法評判；寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法看清。第II卷 非選擇題部分（共40分）第三部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）()第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分） 下面短文中共有10處錯誤，錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（），并在此符號下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分The students of class 3 had a discussion about if it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Some of them think that English learning should start childhood .As little boys and girls had a good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by the heart .This will help them laid a solid foundation for their future English learning. But other do not agree. Young child have to learn Chinese pinyin at school . If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time , it will be very easily for them to mix it up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. In short, the students have not arrived in any agreement yet. 第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分30分）（選自2005年重慶卷）畢業(yè)前夕，你班決定給李老師送一份禮物，大家提出兩條建議：(1)送影集(album)，里面有每個同學(xué)的照片；(2)送磁帶，錄有每個同學(xué)對老師的祝福。請以An Album or a Tape 為題，用英語寫一篇短文。首先簡述以上兩條建議，然后表明你同意其中哪一條，并說明理由。1. 短文必須以第一人稱書寫。2. 詞數(shù)：100詞左右。參考答案及評分標準第II卷第二節(jié)：書面表達 （30分）One possible version:We are leaving school and we decide to give a gift to Mr Li who has taught us for three years. Two suggestions have been provided by our classmates. One is that we may give him an album with photos of all the students in our class. The other suggestion is that a tape in which our best wishes are recorded should be given to him.In my opinion, we had better buy a album for Mr Li. First, an album is easier to be kept than a tape. A tape may be easily destroyed a few years later and does not work. Second, I think, the photos in the album can easily remind Mr Li of his lovely students and the good days when he got together with us. Third, voice may be changed a lot after many years as to us young students, while faces do not have such great changes. In a word, I suggest .we take photos in time and present them in the album to Mr Li.1.本題總分為30分，按5個檔次給分。2.評分時，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3.詞數(shù)少于 80和多于 130的，從總分中減去2分。4.評分時，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準確性、上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫漢詞匯用法均可接受。6.如書寫較差，以至影響內(nèi)容，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。7.內(nèi)容要點可用不同方式表達，對緊扣主題的適當發(fā)揮不予扣分?！靖鳈n次的給分范圍和要求】第五檔(很好)：（25-30分）1.完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。3.應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。4.語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致；具備較強的語言運用能力。5.有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.完全達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔(好)：（19-24分）1.完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉1、2個次重點，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準確，些許錯誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。5.應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。6.達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔(適當)：（13-18分）1.基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。3.應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。4.有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。5.應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。6.整體而言，基本達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔(較差)：(7-12分）1.未恰當完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項目有限。4.有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。6.信息未能清楚地傳達給讀者。 第一檔(差)：（1-6分）1.未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。2.明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。3.語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)、詞匯項目有限。4.較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。5.缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。6.信息未能傳達給讀者。- 8 -