英文學(xué)專業(yè) 中英城市論壇下河北大學(xué)博物館陪同口譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告

摘 要2018年3月25日，由河北大學(xué)承辦的“2018中英城市論壇”順利召開，旨在分享交流雄安新區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。會(huì)議期間，相關(guān)專家對(duì)我校博物館進(jìn)行參觀。全程由筆者為參觀者們提供陪同口譯服務(wù)。本次口譯實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目約為1小時(shí)，以中譯英為主，其間少量英譯中。本次口譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告由五部分構(gòu)成即任務(wù)描述、過程描述、譯前準(zhǔn)備、案例分析和實(shí)踐總結(jié)。在“任務(wù)描述”和“過程描述”中，本次報(bào)告描述了此次口譯實(shí)踐的具體流程。在“譯前準(zhǔn)備”中，介紹了在譯前如何準(zhǔn)備相關(guān)平行文本，查找相關(guān)專業(yè)詞匯等過程。在“案例分析”中，本次報(bào)告針對(duì)在口譯過程中遇到的實(shí)際問題采取的翻譯策略和遇到的問題進(jìn)行分析。最后，在“實(shí)踐總結(jié)”中，本次報(bào)告根據(jù)譯后對(duì)陪同口譯過程的錄音進(jìn)行分析和歸納，總結(jié)出實(shí)踐過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)。本次實(shí)踐報(bào)告的意義主要有三個(gè)方面：第一，本報(bào)告是基于真實(shí)有效的口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐性。描述了真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下博物館陪同口譯中出現(xiàn)的問題和困難，并針對(duì)這些問題進(jìn)行分析和研究。第二，本次口譯活動(dòng)從內(nèi)容上來說屬于博物館陪同口譯，因此本報(bào)告充分討論了如何利用目的論來指導(dǎo)本次口譯譯前準(zhǔn)備中的博物館陪同口譯文本。第三，由于本次口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)是在雄安新區(qū)中英城市發(fā)展論壇的背景下進(jìn)行的，向外賓們介紹了我校的人文學(xué)術(shù)水平，對(duì)于中外校際間交流聯(lián)系與發(fā)展有著重要意義。筆者通過譯后整理錄音文稿對(duì)本次口譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)進(jìn)行分析研究，歸納總結(jié)本項(xiàng)目口譯特點(diǎn)與技巧，為此后相關(guān)口譯工作提供參考。關(guān)鍵詞：陪同口譯 河北大學(xué)博物館 目的論 翻譯策略AbstractOn March 25, 2018, the "2018 China-UK City Forum" hosted by Hebei University was held to share and exchange experiences in planning and construction of the Xiong'an New Area. During the meeting, relevant experts visited our museum. The writer is the accompanying interpreter for the whole process.This interpreting practice project is about one hour, mainly Chinese to English, with a small amount of English translation.This interpretation practice report consists of five parts: task description, process description, preparations before interpreting, case analyses and summary. In the "Task Description" and "Process Description", this report describes the specific process of this interpretation practice. In "preparations before interpreting", it introduces how to prepare relevant parallel texts before searching, and find related professional vocabulary. In the "Case Analyses", this report analyzes the translation strategies and problems encountered in the actual problems encountered during the interpretation process. Finally, in the "Summary", this report analyzes and summarizes the recordings of the accompanying interpreting process after translation, and summarizes the experiences and lessons in the practice process.The significance of this practical report has three main aspects: Firstly, this report is based on real and effective interpretation practice activities with strong practicality. It describes the problems and difficulties in the accompanying interpretation of museums in real scenes, and analyzes and studies these problems.Secondly, the content of this interpreting activity is about accompanying the interpretation of the museum. Therefore, this report fully discusses how to use the teleology to guide the translation of the museum accompanying the interpreting preparation.Thirdly, since this interpreting practice was carried out in the context of the Sino-British Urban Development Forum in Xiong'an New Area, the introduction of the humanities academic level of our school to the guests was of great significance for the exchange and development of inter-school exchanges between China and foreign countries.The author analyzes and studies the interpreting practice activities through post-translation and compilation of the recordings, sums up the characteristics and skills of the interpreting of the project, and provides reference for related interpreting work.Keywords：accompanying interpretation Hebei University Museum Skopos theory translation strategyContents摘 要iAbstractiiChapter 1 Task Description11.1 Task source11.2 Task contents11.3 The purpose and significance of the project1Chapter 2 Process Description32.1 Pre-task description32.2 In-task description32.3 After-task description4Chapter 3 Preparations before Interpreting53.1 Theoretical preparation53.2 Practical preparation6Chapter 4 Case Analyses74.1 Problems in the practice of interpretation74.2 Strategies in interpreting practice94.2.1 Addition strategy94.2.2 Omission strategy114.2.3 Paraphrasing strategy124.2.4 Transliteration strategy13Chapter 5 Summary155.1 Gains155.2 Losses16Bibliography17Appendix 1 Recording Scripts18Acknowledgements27Chapter 1 Task Description1.1 Task sourceOn March 25, 2018, the "2018 China-UK City Forum" hosted by Hebei University was held in our school to share and exchange experiences in planning and construction of the Xiongan New Area. During the exchange, relevant experts visited our museum. The teacher at the International Office in our school contacted him to implement this project. This interpreting project is provided by him for interpreting services for experts and scholars, which is difficult and professional.1.2 Task contentsThe interpretation practice project lasted about 1 hour, mainly in Chinese to English, with a small amount of English to Chinese interpretation. Based on the “2018 China-UK City Forum” , it helps the development of Xiongan New Area, shares and exchanges advanced experiences. This interpreting practice project is to accompany foreign experts to visit the biological specimens in the museum, and to provide interpreting services for the explanations of the lecturers, so that foreign experts can better understand the biology academic achievements and humanistic qualities of Hebei University promoting the smooth progress of the forum, and devoting to the Xiong'an New Area.This interpreting practice project is completed by himself. Its content involves biological knowledge and many professional terms. It is highly professional and difficult.1.3 The purpose and significance of the projectThe theme of the forum was "Assisting Xiongan to Realize the Dream of a World-Class Future City". It was organized by the British Embassy in China and Hebei University to provide an ideal platform for the exchange of modern city concepts and advanced experiences between China and the UK. Further deepen cooperation between the two sides.The goal of this museum visit and exchange activity is to enable the experts and scholars of all countries to deeply understand the academic level, humanistic quality and local history and culture of the school by visiting the museum's biological achievements and academic research projects in the context of the forum. In-depth exchanges and sharing of academic views, providing a wide range of ideas for the discussion and interaction of "Building a Green Wisdom Future City" and "Sharing the Best Practices of Green Wisdom Infrastructure Construction Projects", with a view to providing reference for the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area experience.This interpretation practice is mainly guided by the German functionalism scholar Vermeer's teleology, using the method of translation and translation to help interpreter practice. The writer interpreted the contents of the lecturer through on-site accompanying interpreting, and the interviews between the visitors and the interpreters.The author analyzes and studies the interpreting practice activities through post-translation and compilation of the recordings, sums up the characteristics and skills of the interpreting of the project, and provides references for related interpreting work.Chapter 2 Process Description2.1 Pre-task descriptionWhen the author received the task of interpretation, he knew that the translation of the project was about the introduction of biological specimens and biological information in the exhibition area of the museum. It covers the relevant background knowledge and terminology of biology majors. In the process of pre-translation preparation, the author searched a large number of biological translation literature in the field of biological science for translation, sorted out and memorized relevant professional and background knowledge. This part is also a difficulty for terms and vocabulary. The author sorted out and reserved the words by looking up the professional dictionaries of biology and collecting the biological words on the Internet. At the same time, relevant parallel texts were searched to help practice, and relevant translation theories represented by Skopos theory were searched to guide this practice, and teachers and relevant staff were consulted in time to make full preparations for translation.2.2 In-task descriptionAfter finishing the relevant works before translation, the author rushed to the site of the activity in advance to contact with the speaker, to understand the site of the activity in the museum and the speaker. In the field of translation, the author interprets the introduction described by the speaker by using the professional knowledge, terminology and various translation skills reserved before translation. In the process, there would be many professional contents. During the site, visitors could easily understand the biological scientific research achievements of our school through multiple inquiries and multi-angle explanations. During the activity, many visitors would put forward their own opinions and questions. The author communicated with the speaker about these questions to reply the visitors, so as to get effective communication and promote the smooth progress of the activity.2.3 After-task descriptionAfter the accompanying interpretation, the author made the live recording into a script in time. Through recording the real situation of the scene, the author actively verifies the treatment of professional terms in the process of accompanying interpretation, and summarizes the appropriate and inappropriate term translation. Moreover, the author reflects on the accompanying interpretation strategies used in the field of interpretation, so as to improve the accuracy of on-site accompanying interpretation and effectively convey professional contents. At last, the author communicated with the entrusting party, the on-site speaker and the staff of the practice, and gave feedback to the practice. The author sums up the relevant problems in this interpretation practice and has accumulated a lot of practical experience in relevant fields.Chapter 3 Preparations before InterpretingAs far as translation types are concerned, this task is accompanying interpretation. Accompanying interpreters are required to have good bilingual conversion ability and be able to deal with the translations of exhibits in a vivid and flexible way according to the actual situation of the site. Interpreters are required to be able to resist pressure to a certain extent. As it is mainly for the translation of museum biological area, this translation task will involve a large number of biological and culture-related vocabulary. Some culture-loaded words may be difficult for foreigners to understand. Therefore, in preparation for this task, the author consulted many scientific books on biology, as well as translations of relevant and cultural information. He also asked the speaker of the museum of Hebei university for some terminology to ensure that his explanation was correct, concise and easy to understand. Generally speaking, the preparation of this task consists of two parts: theoretical preparation and practical preparation.3.1 Theoretical preparationTheory can guide practice and play an important role in the whole process of translation. It can improve translators' control of time efficiency, cross-cultural communication ability and translation quality. In order to successfully complete this task, his tutor, who has rich experience in this field, suggested him to take a look at Skopos theory, which would help him to convey the meaning of the exhibits to the audience. Thanks to his advice, he benefited a lot.In 1968, translation scholar Otto Kardt proposed that "translation" should be widely used as a general term, including written and oral translation. Christian Nord points out in her book German translation studies that "translation" is a purposeful activity.Influenced by her views on translation, the author reconsidered the purpose of this task. The purpose of this mission is to allow the foreign visiting team to have a more comprehensive understanding of the biological exhibits in the museum of Hebei university, so as to achieve the goal of cultural exchange and communication. In order to achieve this goal, he choose informative text as the main type of translation, and take free translation as the main method, omitting some words that are specific to the text. Through free translation, he can better convey the meaning of culture-loaded words to visitors accurately. At the same time, the theory inspired me to pay close attention to the interaction and contact with the audience in the process of translation, so as to carry out translation work more effectively.3.2 Practical preparationThe preparation of translation is very important in the process of translation, and the quality of the preparation directly affects the effect of the translation site. The preparation before translation is quite complicated, which requires a strict and meticulous prediction of the situation on the translation site. Looking up professional vocabulary and other information that may be involved in the translation process in advance. This task is the accompanying interpreter in the biological area of the museum. After receiving the project, the author communicated with the museum's speaker before the translation. The speaker provided me with the process of the visit, matters needing attention, the situation of the visitors and the general direction of the possible professional vocabulary, which provided the author with a framework before the translation. In view of these situations, the author sorted out the overall process, listed the possible situations, and checked the relevant questions of the accompanying interpretation in the museum. He also searched for official translations of biological terms, proper terms and culture-loaded words in advance. He browsed the English websites of national and local museums to look for official and similar translations and made a glossary. The visiting experts mainly come from Britain, the United States, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries. Under the guidance of Skopos theory, he adopted the method of interpretation to make a vivid explanation of the exhibits. When encountering some problems which are not important and difficult to understand , he uses the method of omission to make the interpreting process effective.Chapter 4 Case Analyses4.1 Problems in the practice of interpretationThe overall task of the interpretation went smoothly. However, in the process of accompanying the interpretation, the author encountered many practical difficulties and obstacles. The following is the author's analysis of the problems encountered in this interpretation after the completion of the task.Firstly, a limited grasp of the professional field. This task involves the biological specialty, which is very professional. Due to the wide range of topics and contents involved in the interpretation activities, it is difficult for the interpreter to be fully proficient in the interpreting field within the limited preparation time. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate with the speaker in advance and deal with the number of professional terms and culture-loaded words to achieve efficient interpretation. In the process of interpreting, the author encountered many biological terms, names of plants and animals and culture-loaded words related to living things, which were difficult for him. This activity referred to the English name and introduction of the exhibition area. However, due to the limited professional knowledge in the biological field, he may encounter some unknown contents in the interpretation process.Case 1 Speaker: 還有這邊是一些直翅目的昆蟲，我們現(xiàn)在的校長(zhǎng)就是研究這一類的。Interpreter: Here are also some insects with straight wings. Our president majors in this area now. Analysis: In this sentence, a biological term "orthoptera" is mentioned, which is not involved in the preparations before interpreting process. Due to the lack of relevant professional vocabulary reserve, leading to the translation of professional terms. The correct translation of this technical term should be "orthoptera".Case 2Speaker：這邊的是一些竹螟類，很擅長(zhǎng)隱蔽，生活在竹子上,不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。Interpreter: Here are some bamboo insects. They are good at concealment living on bamboo. It is not easy to discover them.Analysis：A technical term for the classification of insects is "bamboo borer", which refers to the insects that stick to bamboo. In the process of interpreting, the author only interpreted it into bamboo insects, which is different from the actual meaning. The correct translation of this word is "bamboo borer".Secondly, the difficulties in language transformation. Interpretation is a process of bilingual transformation, and there are many differences between the two languages in many aspects, such as grammar, vocabulary and syntax. Interpreting requires memorizing quickly and switching to another language in a short time, which puts the author under great psychological pressure in the process of translation. In many cases, due to the short reaction time, the train of thought is not clear enough, there are some mistakes in tense, vocabulary choice and sentence structure and so on.Case 3Speaker：這些獅子是來自保定動(dòng)物園，是咱們老師帶著學(xué)生一起做的。它們是一對(duì)兒，一雄一雌。Interpreter：These lions are from Baoding Zoo. They are a pair, the male one, and the female one made by teachers and students.Analysis: The source language refers to the lion model made by the teacher and the students together. The author did not express the meaning of the "lead" in the interpretation process, but interpreted it into the "teacher and the students" together. In the interpreting process did not have a good grasp of the logic of the good speaker caused errors.Case 4Speaker：保定動(dòng)物園將這兩只獅子捐贈(zèng)予我們學(xué)校。Interpreter: The Baoding zoo donates them to our school.Analysis：This is an obvious tense error. The lion was given to our school by the public security bureau. The author in the process of processing, because of the psychological factors of tension, ignored the tense problem.Thirdly, insufficient understanding of cultural background knowledge. In the process of interpreting, the two languages will involve the cultural differences between the two sides, which are mainly reflected in history, customs, religion, social system and concepts, etc., which are all obstacles in the process of interpretation and also the challenges that interpreters need to face. The most common ones, such as “頂戴花翎”，“把件”，“羽化升仙”, are loaded with profound meanings and cannot be interpreted accurately to visitors in a short time.Case 5Speaker：這個(gè)是浮游，它的壽命非常短暫，其特點(diǎn)是朝生暮死。Interpreter：This is plankton, which has a very short life , born in the morning and died in the night.Analysis: Here, there is a Chinese idiom “朝生暮死”, which the author has not collected in previous accumulation. Due to the limited time for translation, the author adopted the literal translation method to express its meaning. After the translation, the author searched the word "ephemeral", meaning “朝生暮死”. This translation is concise and accurate.Case 6Speaker：因?yàn)橄s在底下生活十幾年的時(shí)間，然后會(huì)破土而出，羽化而升天。這就算對(duì)于重生的一種寄予吧。Interpreter：Because it lives under the ground for more than ten years, then it fly out from the soil. This is the meaning for the reborn.Analysis：A written language like “寄予”appeared here. When the author understood the meaning of the word, he mistakenly thought it was the meaning of "meaning", so he chose the word "meaning". It actually means to give a lot of hope.The correct interpretation is " hope", means great expectations.4.2 Strategies in interpreting practiceThe following cases are all from this interpretation practice, and these strategies are applied by the author in this task.4.2.1 Addition StrategyDue to the different ways of thinking and expression habits between English and Chinese, some words and short sentences are added in the interpreting process, which can more accurately express the meaning in the source language and help the interpreter to straighten out