（湖北專用）2015屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時檢測（十七）閱讀理解之社會現(xiàn)象類

專題限時檢測(十七)　閱讀理解之社會現(xiàn)象類 (共3篇，限時23分鐘) A (2014·湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考)A white child sold a pack of cannabis (大麻) at his local high school. A black child did a part­time job like this in his local neighborhood. When caught, both of them were first­time violators (違反者). And then the white child walked into juvenile (青少年的) court with his family, an excellent lawyer and insurance. The black child walked into court with his dad, no lawyer and no insurance. The grand justice let the white child leave with his family. Besides, he was placed in a well­condition treatment program. The black child had no choice. He was under restraint (限制)． Generally speaking, what we have mentioned above happened more and more often in the juvenile­court system. Minority youths who were caught on violent affairs were more than 5 times as white youths to be sent out of the juvenile justice system and tried (審判) as adults, according to a study released last week by The New York Times. Once minority children were in adult courts, young black violators were 20 times more likely to be put into prison. “Discrimination against minority children develops at every stage of the justice system and it is going to skyrocket when young criminals are judged as adult criminals，” said Mr.Din. Low age crime dropped from its peak in the early 2000s. In the past six years, 33 states have passed new laws that made it easier to try juveniles as adults. In New York and Mississippi in 1996, all the young criminals in prison were minorities. In fact, most of the children who were tried as adults should not be treated like that. Instead, adult prisons were a hell to juveniles. Adult prisoners were 10 times more likely to commit killing people and 7 times more likely to be about sexual abuse. Jim King Cary, a spokesman, a reform group in Washington D. C．， said once they got out, they were going to commit more and more violent crimes. The system, in fact, was training career criminals. And it was doing its great harm to minorities. 1．From the beginning we learn that________. A．the white child is as lucky as the black child B．the grand justice treated the white child and the black child differently C．the white child has been forgiven by the society D．the black child should be put into prison 2．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Children can be tried as adults under special condition. B．Black children are more likely to commit crimes. C．Discrimination does exist in the justice system. D．Governments shouldn’t pass the laws immediately. 3．The underlined word “skyrocket” in Paragraph 2 means “________”． A．expand widely　　　　　 　B．drop immediately C．spread quickly D．rise suddenly 4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________. A．young criminals in adult prisons lived a better life B．juveniles were killed or abused in adult prisons C．juveniles were likely to become career criminals D．more and more juveniles were reformed by the system B (2014·仙桃調(diào)研)As the longer life and rapid decrease in the labor­age population are expected, extending the retirement age is a wise choice for the government. This is why at the Third Plenum (全會) of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China it was agreed that there should be a study on the subject. It is undoubtedly necessary for the government to adjust its policies to meet the challenge of an increasingly aging society. According to the government, China’s senior citizens above the age of 60 will reach 200 million, about 14.8 percent of the population, by the end of this year, and the figure is expected to grow to 248 million by the year of 2020 and more than 400 million by 2050, when they will account for 30 percent of the population. Meanwhile, extending the retirement age will result in several benefits — slowing the rapid increase of the retired, reducing the rapid decline in experienced workers and keeping the labor­age population at a considerable size for stable economic development. However, before the policy is drawn up there will need to be thorough research, so there can be careful consideration of the interests of all parties to make sure that the new policy does not harm the interests of workers in different jobs. There are 112 million workers who do heavy physical labor and may not be willing to put off their retirement to a later age. And the opinions of government employees and other white­collar workers will also need to be listened to before a policy is introduced to extend their retirement to a later age. No doubt it will be impossible to please all, but it should be possible to make the policy acceptable to the most. Anyway, any extensions that will hopefully help reduce the negative influences of our increasingly aging society also need to be fair. 5．The text mainly tells us________. A．China is going to enter an aging society B．China has planned to extend the retirement age C．extending the retirement age will bring about multiple benefits D．a(chǎn)ll people agree to accept the policy 6．Which of the following is TRUE? A．China’s old people above the age of 50 will be about 14.8 percent of the population. B．There will be about 248 million elders by 2050. C．Extending the retirement age may reduce the experienced workers. D．Extending the retirement age may contribute to the economic development of China. 7．What can be inferred from the text? A．All the workers will be pleased with the policy. B．The white­collar workers go against the policy. C．There can be many difficulties in extending the retirement age. D．The government should please all so as to give up the policy. 8．What is the author’s attitude towards the policy? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Opposed. C (2014·蘇北四市第三次調(diào)研)Before the Industrial Revolution, only a small percentage of the world’s population was literate(有文化的 ). Literacy rates increased throughout the 19th century, as people started moving from the countryside to towns and cities for the job opportunities opening up in the newly industrialized societies. Many of these new jobs, especially the higher paying ones, required the ability to read and write. With the rise of universal education in almost all countries around the world, literacy rates have steadily gone up over the past hundred years. But basic literacy is no longer enough. For years now, routine human tasks, that is, those tasks that can well be described by a set of rules, have been taken over by technology substitution (代替) and automation (自動化). Many blue­collar manufacturing activities in assembly plans have fallen into this category. So have an increasing number of white­collar information­based activities, including record keeping and many kinds of administrative tasks. Not surprisingly, our knowledge­based digital economy requires better educated workers with specific skills requirements. For example, we are surrounded by smart machines — cars, music players, TVs, video recorders, smart phones, PCs, the Internet, e­mail, the Web, ecommerce sites and on and on and on. They have become indispensable tools at work and at home. Digital literacy, the ability to deal with the sophisticated machines all around and use them effectively to help us address complex problems, has become a very important skill. In general, people who are comfortable dealing with complexity are better able to handle more demanding, higher paying jobs. In our complex world, unanticipated situations often arise that we have not encountered before and thus require good problem­solving skills. Similar cognitive skills are necessary to help us evaluate the options involved in making complex decisions. A 2011 study by the McKinsey Global Institute projects a continuous demand for workers with at least a post­secondary education to meet the demands of business. According to McKinsey, employers are already having trouble filling positions requiring technical skills. Many workers will not necessarily have the skills needed for the jobs that are most likely to be in demand. Moreover, as we look into the future, digital technologies will continue to be applied to activities requiring cognitive capabilities and problem­solving intelligence that not long ago were viewed as the exclusive domain of humans. As a result, we will need to continually upgrade our skills in order to keep up with our increasingly smart machines and fast changing job requirements. 9. Why is advanced literacy necessary? A．There are more human tasks which can be described by a set of rules. B．There are more blue­collar manufacturing activities. C．More routine human tasks have been taken over. D．More record keeping and many kinds of administrative tasks appear. 10．Which of the following best describes what our digital economy needs? A．Smart machines — cars, music players, TVs, the Internet, and so on. B．Workers with good education and specific requirements. C．Sophisticated machines all around. D．Indispensable tools at work and at home. 11．From Paragraph 5, we can learn that McKinsey agrees that________. A．employers find it difficult to find skilled workers B．employees have difficulty filling in the forms C．workers surely have the skills needed for the jobs D．a(chǎn)ll skills are in demand in the future 12．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．World’s Literacy Rates B．The Development of Digital Technologies C．Fast Changing Attitudes D．Jobs and Lifelong Learning 答 案 語篇解讀：本文為說明文。對于未成年人犯罪，美國的法律是不公平的，白人孩子可以有更好的教育模式，而黑人孩子則受到監(jiān)禁，而且按照成人的法律去懲罰。 1．選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The grand ... under restraint (限制)”可知，白人孩子和黑人孩子受到的是不同的對待。 2．選C　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段和第二段首句中的“what we have mentioned above happened more and more often in the juvenile­court system”可知答案為C。 3．選D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的語境可知，當(dāng)青少年罪犯被按照成人的犯罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來判刑時，歧視急劇增加。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．選C　推理判斷題。 根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，成人監(jiān)獄對于青少年來說是地獄，一旦他們從成人監(jiān)獄中出來，他們會犯更多的罪。事實(shí)上，成人監(jiān)獄是青少年職業(yè)罪犯的培訓(xùn)營，會帶來更大的危害。故C項(xiàng)正確。 語篇解讀：這是一篇時文報道。介紹了中國對推遲退休年齡方面的探討以及各界對這一話題的反響等。 5．選B　主旨大意題。全文圍繞中國人口老齡化的問題，探討推遲退休年齡這一話題，介紹了各界人士的態(tài)度。因此選B。 6．選D　正誤判斷題。第二段說中國60歲以上的人口將達(dá)到人口總數(shù)的14.8%(A錯)；到2050年60歲以上的人口將超過400 million(B錯)；而推遲退休年齡能減緩有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工作者數(shù)量的快速下降(C錯)；這些好處有助于中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(D正確)。 7．選C　推理判斷題。第四段說從事繁重體力勞動的工人可能不愿意推遲他們的退休年齡(A錯)；政府雇員和白領(lǐng)階層的觀點(diǎn)也應(yīng)該聽一聽，但沒有依據(jù)推斷白領(lǐng)階層的看法(B錯)；最后一段說政策不可能讓所有人都滿意(D錯)；從文章的敘述看，要實(shí)行這一政策會遇到各種困難(C正確)。 8．選B　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從文章的敘述可以看出，作者只是客觀地介紹了這一時文報道以及各方的態(tài)度，因此選B，表示“客觀的”。 語篇解讀：文章提及不同的時代對勞動者的能力提出了不同要求，指出勞動者需要終身學(xué)習(xí)以跟上科技的迅猛發(fā)展以及就業(yè)市場的快速變化。 9．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一、二句可知，基本的讀寫能力已經(jīng)不夠用了。多年來，常規(guī)的勞動任務(wù)，即那些可以被一系列規(guī)則所描述出來的工作，已被技術(shù)產(chǎn)品和自動化所取代。故答案為 C。 10．選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段第一句提到“不足為奇的是，以知識為基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)要求勞動者受到過更好的教育，具備特定的技能”，之后列舉了我們身邊各種各樣的智能機(jī)器的名稱。故答案為 B。 11．選A　推理判斷題。文章第五段談到麥肯錫全球研究所 2011 年的一份研究報告預(yù)測。根據(jù)該段最后兩句可知，麥肯錫表示，企業(yè)在招聘技術(shù)崗位時已經(jīng)感覺到難度很大，許多勞動者并不完全具備那些工作崗位所需的職業(yè)技能。故答案為 A。 12．選D　標(biāo)題概括題。通讀全文可知，文章談及不同時代對勞動者不同的技能要求，由此可知，為滿足不同時期的就業(yè)需要，勞動者需要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)。故答案為 D。