《同位語(yǔ)從句》PPT課件.ppt

,Are you familiar with these sentences: Yangtze River, the longest river in our country, is facing severe pollution problems. YangLiping, a famous dancer in china, has become a focus of public attention recently. The news that the U.S has declared war on Iraq came early this morning. The fact that her hair is turning gray worried her a lot.,名詞性從句之三 -同位語(yǔ)從句,由NordriDesign提供 ,Noun clauses as the appositive,一、 概念,同位語(yǔ) VS 同位語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)： 一個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或解釋，這個(gè)名詞(或其它形式)就是另一個(gè)名詞的同位語(yǔ)。如： Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. We have two children, a boy and a girl.,More examples?,同位語(yǔ)的三種形式,1.名詞作同位語(yǔ) Donna, the cheerleader, received a big hug from the famous footballer. 2.短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ) Lorry, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to apply for the scholarship of Harvard. Who is that man, the first in the front row? 3.句子作同位語(yǔ) The news that the oil price will go down is untrue. (同位語(yǔ)從句）,1.名詞作同位語(yǔ) Donna, the cheerleader, received a big hug from the famous footballer. 2.短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ) Lorry, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to apply for the scholarship of Harvard. Who is that man, the first in the front row? 3.句子作同位語(yǔ) The news that the oil price will go down is untrue. (同位語(yǔ)從句）,二、同位語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句 是用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)的從句，它所修飾的詞為先行詞。同位語(yǔ)從句在主句中的作用相當(dāng)于先行詞的作用。 同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope wish, promise, report, suggestion, conclusion等名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。,例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 析：they had won the game說(shuō)明The news的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. We expressed the hope that they can come to visit our town again. I have no idea where he lives.,同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,被同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞稱為先行詞，常見(jiàn)到的先行詞有： advice，announcement, answer, belief ， chance, conclusion demand, doubt, decision, evidence ， explanation fact ， feeling hope, idea, information, impression message , news order, opinion, problem , promise , proposal , possibility question , request , report , rumor, reason suggestion , thought wish , word , warning,這些詞有什么共同點(diǎn)？,同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有： that, whether，what, which, who when, where, how, why,1. 如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 （即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.,2. 如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句） 例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.,3. 如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式“ “為什么” 等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how, why等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 例：I have no idea when he will be back. They raised another question where we should get the money. He had no idea how Joe managed to get out of the well. The question why so many animals died suddenly in that area remains unsettled.,Exercises: 1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ .,6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when,11. The reason _ she failed the test is that she was too nervous. A. that B. where C. when D. why 12. Ms Zhang raised a question _ we could get the money. A. that B. where C. what D. why,需注意的情況：, 有時(shí)候主句的謂語(yǔ)比較短，同位語(yǔ)從句比較長(zhǎng)，這個(gè)從句就不一定緊接在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面。 如：Word came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese. The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad. The thought came to him that the criminal might have disguised.,同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,一、That 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不同 同：先行詞的具體內(nèi)容 定：先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征等 1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,1.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 2.The suggestion（that) they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,2. 在句中所起的語(yǔ)法作用不同 同： that是連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略 定： that是關(guān)系代詞，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,二、when where why 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 when where why 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，分別指前面先行詞所表示的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因，否則為同位語(yǔ)從句。 The photo reminds me of the time when I worked for the Southern Weekly. We have no idea when he came in.,真題回放,Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _the party is to be held? （陜西2008） That where why what Doris success lies in the fact_ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. (上海2006） That whether where how,真題回放,1.There is much chance _Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. 天津2006 A. that B. which C. until D. if 2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure for AIDS will be found. 廣東2005 A. which B. that C. what D. whether 3. Danny left word with my secretary_ he would call again this afternoon. 浙江2005 A. who B. that C. as D. which,Good luck!,4. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the meeting room. 遼寧2005 A. that B. what C. as D. which 5. Along with the letters was his promise_ he would visit me this coming Christmas.上海2005 A. which B. that C. what D. whether 6. A story goes_ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified nobleman at court. 上海2004 A. when B. where C. what D. that 7. Theres a feeling in me_ well never know what a UFO isnot ever. 上海2002 A. that B. which C. of which D. what,謝謝大家！,Thanks for your cooperation!,