Module 1《Small Talk》Function,Everyday English and文字素材1（外研版選修6）

1111. It is estimated that 80% of all conversation in English is small talk.據(jù)估計(jì)80% 的英語會(huì)話是聊天。 It is estimated that據(jù)估計(jì) it為形式主語, 真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:It is said that 據(jù)說It is known that 眾所周知It is thought that人們認(rèn)為It is believed that人們相信It is hoped that人們希望It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道It is suggested that人們建議2. Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room. 設(shè)想一下兩個(gè)陌生人都認(rèn)識(shí)的人離開房間之后他們互相交談的情景。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句, situation是先行詞. situation, case, point, Internet, stage等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的詞作先行詞時(shí),如果定語從句不缺少主要成分,一般要用關(guān)系詞where來引導(dǎo).I can think of many cases where students knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. 我能說出許多例子,(在這些例子中)學(xué)生掌握了很多英語詞匯和短語,卻寫不出好文章。The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. 治療要一直堅(jiān)持到病人能夠正常且安全地行走為止。It is estimated that 據(jù)估計(jì)A function is to do 作用就是establish a relationship 建立關(guān)系imagine a situation 想象一種情況Whats the purpose of .的目的是什么?continue with=go on with 繼續(xù)an embarrassing silence 令人尷尬的沉默have in common 有共同點(diǎn)1. function n. 功能，作用the function of the nerves 神經(jīng)機(jī)能the function of education 教育功能2.imagine v. （1）I cant imagine her marrying a man of that sort. 我無法想象她竟能嫁給那種人。3. purpose on purpose 故意地 for the purpose of 為了目的4. apologize apologize to sb for sth. 因?yàn)槟呈露蚰橙说狼竌pology n.make an apology to sb. for sth.因?yàn)槟呈露蚰橙说狼窽alking about obligation or lack of obligationobligation: must do必須做 have to do不得不做(客觀上的需要)lack of obligation: dont have to do dont need to do neednt do 沒有必要做不必要做didnt need to do and neednt have done1. didnt need to do: 不需要做而且也沒做2. neednt have done: 本不需要做而做了avoid doing sth. 避免干make friends 交朋友lack the confidence 缺乏信心（vt.)be nervous about 對(duì)緊張at a social event 在社交活動(dòng)中l(wèi)ack：1）for lack of由于缺乏 (n.) The plants died for lack of water. 2）lack for 缺少(vi.)（通常與否定連用） She doesnt lack for friends.confidence: 1) He answered the questions with confidence.(2) I have confidence in my ability.對(duì).有信心worry about 擔(dān)心social skills 社交技能have a conversation 說話do planning 做計(jì)劃do advance planning 預(yù)先計(jì)劃一下advance：(1) She advanced the minute hand ten minutes. (向)前進(jìn); 她將分針調(diào)快了10分鐘。（2）John worked so well that his boss advanced him to a higher position.升職（3）They advanced the date of the meeting將(日期)提前4）China has made great advances in industry. n.前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行（5）They booked the tickets in advance.預(yù)先，事前prepare you for sth. 使你為作準(zhǔn)備prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備干某事be prepared有備無患have/get/make ready做好準(zhǔn)備think of想起，回憶起safe things不會(huì)出錯(cuò)的事情damage confidence傷害自信心a two-way process雙向過程make sb. sth. 使某人成為(make you a better listener) (使你成為一個(gè)較好的聽眾)keep good eye contact保持得體的目光接觸positive body language積極肯定的身體語言look away from. 把目光從.移開Prime Minister首相，總理a social occasion社交場合social rules社交規(guī)則in addition另外a certain colour某種顏色I(xiàn)n addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave.In addition to English, he can speak two other foreign languages.impress sb. 給某人留下印象encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事smile at sb. 對(duì)某人微笑apply v.申請（1）I applied for a job as an English teacher（2）She applied to the government for financial help.她向政府申請經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。（3）You should apply in person/by 當(dāng)面/寫信申請v.對(duì)適應(yīng)，適合，被適應(yīng)You cant apply this rule to every case.=This rule cant be applied to every case .這個(gè)規(guī)則不能適應(yīng)于所有的情況。What you said doesnt apply to me.你所說的并不適合我。apply laser to an operation應(yīng)用apply oneself to “致力于”application n.申請;申請書,申請表He made an application to the club for membership.他申請加入俱樂部。reading and writing我可以請你幫點(diǎn)忙嗎?I have a favour to ask.=May I ask a favour of you?=Will you do me a favour?=Will you do a favour for me?what sort of=what kind of什么種類的reply to a question 回答問題(正式）=answer a question （口語）in reply to. 作為對(duì)的答復(fù)make a reply答復(fù)business supplies商業(yè)必需品outspoken human being坦率的人every time每次（連詞）put my foot in my mouth說錯(cuò)話basic rules of social communication社交的基本原則as a consequence因此make systematic mistakes犯經(jīng)常的錯(cuò)誤look awkward看起來尷尬put on weight增加體重be cautious about. 對(duì).小心go through. 經(jīng)歷a messy divorce棘手的離婚cheer sb. up使某人振作起來What a coincidence真巧合be modest about. 對(duì).謙虛discourage sb. from doing. 使某人打消做某事的念頭On the anniversary of. 在.的紀(jì)念日be secretive about. 對(duì)秘而不宣ethnic background種族背景a genuine desire真實(shí)的要求be aware of知道violate private life騷擾私生活make compliments做出贊美a fabulous dress極好的衣服elderly people老人an accurate reply精確的答復(fù)show off炫耀be sensitive to. (P12) 對(duì).敏感111