2013高考英語 閱讀理解沖刺訓練（6）

2013高考英語（閱讀理解）沖刺訓練（6） 及答案解析 (第*篇)THURSDAY, July 9 ( HealthDay News) A new study that found that a lowercalorie diet slowed the aging process in monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans.“The big question in aging research is, Will caloric restriction in species closely related to humans slow aging？” said Richard Weindruch, senior author of a paper appearing in the July 10 issue of Science.This is the first clear demonstration that, in a primate species, we re inducing a slowdown of the aging process showing increased survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy and less muscle loss.“This predicts humans would respond similarly，” added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the Veterans Hospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.“The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespan in all species is not true. Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it s actually deleterious，” explained Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging program at the US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. “The fact that it doesnt work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope.”But there s a larger question: how to change humans increasingly lax eating habits. “This_finding_doesnt_give_me_hope_that_humans_are_going_to_go_into_dietary_restriction，” added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi.語篇解讀這是一篇新聞報道，研究人員通過對動物的研究證明低熱量的飲食可能會延長人的壽命。1The underlined word “restricted” means“_”A. limited B. satisfiedC. reserved D. fascinated解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，低熱量的飲食可以延長猴子的壽命，這一試驗證明有節(jié)制的飲食可能同樣會延長人的壽命。答案A2Which of the following statements about Weindruch is true?A. This experiment indicates restricted diets could extend humans lifespan.B. Adequate sleep is another way to reduce the speed of aging process.C. The experiment was a failure in some species such as mice.D. The experiment which had been tested on humans got a great success.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知答案為A。答案A3According to Felipe Sierra s idea, we know that_.A. the restricted diets experiment really had no distinct effect on rats and miceB. humans are finding new ways to slowdown the aging process of all the speciesC. the experiment is unnecessary to be carried on because of the response of the miceD. the experiment confirmed that restricted diets extend lifespan in all species解析細節(jié)理解題。從第四段的第二句“Many strains of rats and mice do not respond.”可知答案。答案A4It can be inferred from the underlined sentence that _.A. the result of the experiment shows that humans are not pigging out nowadaysB. nowadays humans are turning unhealthy diets into lowercalorie dietsC. how to change humans careless eating habits is a long way to goD. the experiment changed humans increasingly careless eating habits解析細節(jié)理解題。由畫線句子可知人們目前并沒有進入到控制飲食的狀態(tài)中，也就是說要改變人們漫不經心的飲食習慣還有很長的路要走。答案C5The author most likely wrote this text to_.A. compare the two experiments on rats and monkeysB. illustrate the data from the researchC. call on people to pay attention to their daily dietsD. introduce a lively debate to amuse the reader解析寫作目的題。作者的目的是通過介紹試驗”低熱量的飲食可能會延長人的壽命”，呼吁人們注意控制飲食。答案C長難句解讀Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.本句的主句為Another expert noted that，其中that引導的是一個賓語從句。從句用despite表示讓步關系，后面的far from proven意為”遠沒有得到證明”。*結束 (第*篇)The treadle pump is based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes. It can be made locally.The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders (圓筒) with pistons (活塞). The pistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices treadles and uses a natural walking motion.How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. It could be two hours a day. It could be seven hours a day.Small children sometimes stand with their parents on the treadles. Everyone in the family can take turns operating the pump.The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit group that invests in business projects to fight poverty. It studied the effects of treadle pumps in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and more than seventythree thousand pumps.Acumen reported that families using them ate more vegetables, because they were able to grow more to eat and to sell. Many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnings. Men with treadle pumps often no longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.The pump can also improve education. Farmers often use their extra earnings to buy books for their children or to pay for schooling.A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a dieselpowered pump (柴油泵). Then he could grow more crops over a larger area.But the world economic crisis has had an effect on some farmers. IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel. So they are using their treadle pumps again.語篇解讀腳踏泵因其簡單、易行、實用之特點，正在世界的廣大貧困地區(qū)被推廣，以幫助農民脫貧致富，且已取得了顯著的效果。1The treadle pump _.A. is invented by an American engineerB. is mainly made of metalC. consists of two cylinders with pistonsD. consists of two cylinders with an engine解析事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知答案為C。答案C2What does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph?A. Its history.B. Its working principle.C. Its structure.D. Its usage and effects.解析作者意圖題。A和D顯然不對，C有一定干擾性，但其不能概括第二句，介紹工作原理時，一般要同時介紹其結構，故選B。答案B3It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pumpB. it is difficult to build a treadle pumpC. the treadle pump is used more in winter than in summerD. operating the treadle pump can keep fit解析推理判斷題。B和C與文中內容相悖，可排除。易錯選D，但文中沒有依據(jù)，無法推知。根據(jù)第四段，小孩也可幫忙，家庭中每個人都可參與，可推知A為答案。答案A4Each treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about _.A. 18, 000 pumps B. 24, 000 pumpsC. 37, 000 pumps D. 73, 000 pumps解析數(shù)據(jù)推算題。根據(jù)第五段第三句可知，該州共三家生產商，共有七萬三千多架腳踏泵，平均每家生產兩萬四千架左右，故選B。答案B5Why does the farmer in Zambia hope to buy a dieselpowered pump?A. Because he wants to grow crops on a larger scale.B. Because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.C. Because a dieselpowered pump is cheaper than before.D. Because oil is much cheaper than before.解析事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知答案。答案A長難句解讀IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel.該句為雙重復合句。主句主語為IDE executive director Zenia Tata，謂語為says，后面為省略了that的賓語從句。該賓語從句的主干部分為some do not have enoueh money to buy fuel，who were able to buy diesel pumps為定語從句，修飾主語some。*結束