2013高考英語 閱讀理解沖刺訓練（4）

2013高考英語（閱讀理解）沖刺訓練（4） 及答案解析 (第*篇)Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” 1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _.A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtB. he couldnt stand a clean appearanceC. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timeD. he didnt want to spend much money on clothes2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _.A. they make him feel at ease when workingB. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothesC. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false? A. Many employees dont like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.4. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _.A. saving employees money B. making employees more attractiveC. improving employees motivation D. making employees happier從20世紀90年代起，美國許多公司開始允許員工星期五可以不統(tǒng)一著裝上班?，F(xiàn)在越來越多的公司許可領員工穿便裝上班了，這對調(diào)節(jié)他們的心情，調(diào)動其工作熱情有一定的作用。1. C。語義理解題。大衛(wèi)自嘲以前是服裝愛好者，衣服一起皺，他就得換上備穿的服裝。2. A。語義理解題。從第 1 段最后一句話 “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。3. D。細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知還有一些雇主不贊同穿便裝上班。4. C。細節(jié)判斷題。從第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正確判斷。5. B。推斷題。通讀最后一段可知選項A(為雇員省錢)、B(提高雇員的工作熱情)、D(使雇主高興)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。*結束 (第*篇)Mankind is still evolving(進化), according to a recent study by a team of scientists led by a Yale University evolutionary biologist. But research suggests that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival, perhaps because of differences in womens fertility(能生育性)The team examined 2,238 women in Framingham, Massachusetts, the US and studied the medical histories of some 14,000 residents since 1948.They found that strong，slightly fat women tend to have more children. And if this trend were to continue for the next 10 generations, by 2409 the average woman would be 2 cm shorter,1 kg heavier, and have a healthier heart.That rate of evolution is pretty similar to what we see in plants and animals. Humans_don_t_seem_to_be_any_exception,_the team said.Other recent genetic research backs up that belief. One study by John Hawks, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that some 1,800 human gene variations (變異) are common in recent generations because of evolution. Among the changes are mutations (突變) that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria(瘧疾) and others that govern brain development.Since the Industrial Revolution, modern humans have grown taller and stronger. It s easy to assume that evolution is making humans fitter. But according to anthropologist Peter McAllister, the contemporary male has evolved physically into “the sorriest example of male ever on the planet”. An average Neanderthal woman, McAllister notes, could have beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in an armwrestling (腕力) match. And early Australian Aborigines could easily defeat Usain Bolt in a 100-m dash.However, Douglas Ewbank, of the University of Pennsylvania, says that cultural factors tend to have a much greater impact than natural selection on future generations, so people tend to ignore evolution s effects.And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most important. “What makes humans what we are is in our minds, in our society, and not in our evolution，” said Jones.語篇解讀科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)人類還在不斷地進化，但是他們認為自然選擇對人類進化的影響已經(jīng)沒那么大了。1What does the underlined sentence “Humans don t seem to be any exception” imply?A. Plants and animals are evolving faster than humans.B. Evolution doesnt work in humans any longer.C. The rate of evolution in plants and animals also applies to humans.D. Humans are unique in their evolution.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，人類的進化速度和動植物的很相似，人類并不例外，由此可判斷動植物的進化速度也適用于人類。答案C2Why is the recent genetic research quoted in the fifth paragraph?A. To support the belief that mankind is still evolving.B. To show human gene variations are common in recent generations.C. To prove modern humans have grown fitter.D. To suggest that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的Other recent genetic research backs up that belief可知最近的其他基因研究也支持“人類還在進化”這一觀點，和文章開頭的主題句照應。答案A3According to the passage, we can infer that Arnold Schwarzenegger _.A. used to be a famous actorB. is an American governorC. is very weakD. is very strong解析推理判斷題。第六段中舉施瓦辛格的例子是為了證明在人類越來越健壯的進化中，男性成為最令人遺憾的例子。由對施瓦辛格的了解和文段內(nèi)容可判斷阿諾德·施瓦辛格很強壯，力氣很大。答案D4According to Douglas Ewbank, which of the following factors plays a greater part in the future generations?A. Culture. B. Evolution.C. Natural selection. D. Genetic mutations.解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，在未來的后代中，起更大作用的是文化因素。答案A5What is the main idea of the passage?A. Mankind is still evolving.B. Women will get fatter.C. The history of human evolution.D. Future women tend to have more children.解析主旨大意題。本文第一句就是主題句，后面都是圍繞著“人類還在不斷地進化”這一觀點進行論述的。答案A長難句解讀1.Among the changes are mutations(突變)that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria(瘧疾) and others that govern brain development.本句主語很長，為了句子結構的平衡進行了倒裝。主句的主語是mutations and others，定語從句that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria修飾mutations，定語從句that govern brain development修飾others。2And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most important.本句的主語是Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London是Steve Jones的同位語，that引導一個賓語從句。despite evidence為介詞短語作狀語，后面的非謂語動詞短語作evidence的后置定語。*結束