2016高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（3）

人生百味類閱讀理解（3）2016高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解-人生百味類 Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her childs hasty-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesnt stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time- and that its possible to enjoy a game even when we dont win. A child whos not invited to a birthday party, who doesnt make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation, prize or say, “It doesnt matter.” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointmentand be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?” Dont blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, dont be shy about inquiring. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. “ Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “ You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You havent the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock(估量) of the situation bravely asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center, a field where shes both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often there is recovery of energya way to find new possibilities.【小題1】The second paragraph tells us _ Ahow a mother praised her childrenBparents should blame their children at the proper time.Chow to shift blameDtwo ways of failure prevention most parents use when their children fail【小題2】According to the author, what should a child know in the real world? ANo one can be best all the time at everything.BHe should be equipped for life.CNo parents should offer quick consolations.DHe can get pleasure from failure as well as success.【小題3】The underlined word “prompt” in the fifth paragraph can be best replaced by “_.” ApreventBcauseCcontinueDexchange【小題4】From the passage we know that _. Asuccess lies in hard workBnever be disappointed to lifeCfailure can affect ones life greatly once he learns to use it.Deveryone had his own value 2016高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解-人生百味類The Loss of InnocenceInnocence is such a precious giftIts explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doingJust imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mindSome people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood What would the world be like if innocence were never lost？One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the worldDuring youth，there may be an occasional argument，even a little physical fight，but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human beingAnd children are blind towards the racial differences of othersA kid will hang out with any other kidIt is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwiseAnother benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventureWith very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adultsIf innocence were kept alive，these ambitions would never depart from our lives However，other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting foreverThey feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in generalA large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn，work，and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to surviveWithout a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence，people would not have the desire to succeed，get a good job in life，or provide income for their families，which would hurt the lives of children The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economyAs long as innocence is kept alive，no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace，resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocenceIt sure is a nice thought，thoughPerhaps innocence was meant to be lostIt was gods will to make things the way they are，and there is a good purpose for everythingAll that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts【小題1】The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _ AavoidedBcondemnedCacceptedDinspired【小題2】Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _ Aproper education would be providedBthere would be no racial discriminationCmore happy families would be guaranteedDpeople would realize their childhood dreams【小題3】According to the author，people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _ Amotivational willBmental abilityCadventurous ambitionsDneeded goods【小題4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？ ABCD 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2013·海口市調(diào)研，D)Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.Don't have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (攝入)People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier.Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (瀉藥). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章告誡減肥人群，在減肥的同時(shí)務(wù)必要保證健康和均衡的飲食，這樣才能獲得真正的健康。12The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DON'T include _.Athey think their trouble comes from their weightBthey have a strict parentCother people's praise when they lose some weightDthere is something they can't control except food intake答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四段內(nèi)容可知，A、C、D三項(xiàng)均是人們減肥的原因。B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文章沒有涉及。故答案選B。13The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to _.Aa fat free diet Ba special dietCeating too much Deating too little答案：D指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線短語(yǔ)后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，畫線部分與其講述的內(nèi)容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案選D。14Which of the following statements is TRUE?AA person needs about 800 calories each day.BA person who doesn't eat bread is unhealthy.CAn improper diet may cause eating disorder.DFat takes up the most part of calories inside body.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“l(fā)ike an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的飲食不健康，但并沒說(shuō)不吃面包的人不健康，故B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，D項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故答案選C。15According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should _.Aavoid eating some food that can lead to being fatBcontrol their eating amount and timesChave a healthy and balanced dietDthrow up some of what they eat答案：C推理判斷題。通讀全文特別是文章首段內(nèi)容可知，人們?cè)跍p肥的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)保證健康和均衡的飲食。故答案選C。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2013·天津市十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考二，C)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章首先提出論點(diǎn)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)關(guān)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有很多爭(zhēng)議”，然后詳細(xì)分析了不同人對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的不同看法。16What does this passage mainly talk about?ACompetition helps to set up selfrespect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition.答案：B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)關(guān)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有很多爭(zhēng)議。下文內(nèi)容圍繞這一點(diǎn)詳細(xì)分析了不同人對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的不同看法，因此這便是文章的中心論點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。17Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?AIt builds up a sense of duty. BIt pushes society forward.CIt improves personal abilities. DIt encourages individual efforts.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人認(rèn)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是社會(huì)進(jìn)步和繁榮的動(dòng)力。故B項(xiàng)正確。18The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.Athose who try their best to winBthose who value competition most highlyCthose who are against competition most stronglyDthose who rely on others most for success答案：C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的態(tài)度。在只注重贏家而不注意普通人的文化價(jià)值觀下，他們強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。其中最直言不諱的就是那些來(lái)自父母和社會(huì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力下掙扎的年輕人。根據(jù)“Among”可知，畫線詞是指上文提到的那些強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的人。故C項(xiàng)正確。19What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？AOne's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.BOne's success in competition needs great efforts.COne's achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOne's success is based on how hard he has tried.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。20Which point of view may the author agree to?AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a lifeanddeath matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不難看出作者的態(tài)度；只有消除競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的畏懼心理，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的意義。故D項(xiàng)正確。