廣東省2013年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型技法指導(dǎo)專題六 讀寫任務(wù)

2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語廣東版 題型技法指導(dǎo) 專題六讀寫任務(wù)真題試做（2012·廣東高考）閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.In the letter she wrote，“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math.Before you came to teach us，I had been terribly poor at math，and had never thought that I would be interested in it.To my surprise，you magically showed me the beauty of math.I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it.Gradually my interest in it began to grow.Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California.You played an important part.Thank you！”What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher！My husband has received many letters from students over the years.This one was special，for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.【寫作內(nèi)容】1以約30個(gè)詞概括上文的主要內(nèi)容。2以約120個(gè)詞就老師影響學(xué)生的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕?，?nèi)容包括：（1）上文使你想起哪位對你幫助最大的老師；（2）舉例說明該老師對你學(xué)習(xí)或成長的影響；（3）你怎樣看待老師對學(xué)生的影響?！緦懽饕蟆?作文中可以使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱?！驹u分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，語篇連貫?？枷蚍治鼋旮呖甲x寫任務(wù)的總體情況如下表所示：年份話題主題閱讀文體裁內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)2012社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)老師影響學(xué)生記敘文32011情感講述一次想家的經(jīng)歷記敘文32010社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)用金錢鼓勵(lì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)夾敘夾議3由上表我們得出讀寫任務(wù)主要有以下特點(diǎn)：1閱讀文體裁多樣；易于閱讀理解；長度約為200個(gè)詞。2話題真實(shí)，語境生活化，貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。3概括詞數(shù)約為30個(gè)，但發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)部分一般120個(gè)詞左右，因此寫作時(shí)以表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容為主，不必太受詞數(shù)限制。4寫作內(nèi)容中要求考生發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)明確，近3年均為3條具體的內(nèi)容，一般來說考生都有話可寫。5得分情況：本題滿分25分，而近幾年的得分率均在40%左右，即10分左右，因此考生還有很大的上升空間。答題步驟1審題，明確題目要求通過審題明確文章主題、寫作內(nèi)容、主要時(shí)態(tài)和主體人稱等問題，其中主體人稱就是要確定以第幾人稱進(jìn)行寫作，以往年高考中曾有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的考生在這方面出錯(cuò)，同學(xué)們需特別注意。2閱讀短文，找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)議論文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。記敘文五要素：when，what，who，where，how。3概括、轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)議論文用自己的話表達(dá)論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。記敘文用自己的話將記敘文的五要素串聯(lián)起來。但有時(shí)也不一定面面俱到，只需回答下列問題即可：誰做了什么事（who did what），結(jié)果怎樣（what was the result）等。摘要的開頭語（1）According to the passage，we know.（2）The writer states that.（3）The author thinks/argues.（4）The story/passage is about.（5）The writer/author tells us about.（6）The story mainly tells us that.4過渡，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)寫了摘要后，用一句過渡的話，再引出自己的觀點(diǎn)（贊成或反對）或引出類似的故事。議論文的過渡語表示贊同（1）I agree with the statement that.（2）I do agree with the author.（3）I'm for the writer's idea that.（4）I quite agree with the writer's idea.（5）I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.（6）I can't agree more with what the writer said/says.（我完全同意作者的觀點(diǎn)）表示不贊同（1）I partly agree with what the writer said.（2）I don't agree with the writer's view.（3）I'm strongly against the writer's idea.（4）In some way，I agree with.but.（5）This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.（6）What the writer said sounds reasonable.But.（7）It is definitely not like that.As a matter of fact.（8）Some people argue as if it is a general truth that.But to be frank，I cannot agree with them.表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)（1）As for me.（2）In my opinion.（3）As far as I am concerned.（4）From my point of view.（5）I hold the view/belief that.（6）Personally，I believe that.（7）According to my experience，I think that.（8）I'm convinced that.（9）To be honest.引出話題（1）There is no doubt that.毫無疑問（2）It can not be denied that.不可否認(rèn)（3）No one can ignore the fact that.誰也不可忽視（4）From what is mentioned above，we know.依上所述，我們知道（5）It goes without saying that.記敘文的過渡語（1）I have a similar experience.（2）I also went through such an experience.（3）This story reminds me of another story that happened to.（4）This story reminds me of a similar experience of.（5）例證、論證自己的觀點(diǎn)議論文在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)后，就用具體的事例來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)論，注意前后呼應(yīng)。記敘文編寫與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的故事（親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)）。提供論據(jù)或原因分析的套語總述原因（1）There are several reasons that contribute to.（2）My views are based on the following reasons.分層論述（1）On the one hand.On the other hand.一方面（然而）另一方面（2）For one thing.For another.一則再則（3）To begin with/First of all/First（ly）.Second（ly）.Besides/Furthermore/What's more.Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而且最后列舉例子（1）Take.for example.以為例吧/就拿來說吧。（2）For example/instance.例如（3）such as比如說；諸如之類的引出經(jīng)歷What impresses me most is that.我印象最深的是分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.由于/因?yàn)镃onsequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.因此/結(jié)果總結(jié)句開頭語（1）To sum up/In short/In conclusion/In a word/All in all.總之（2）Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.考慮到以上因素，我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論（3）From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.根據(jù)以上討論，可以得出如下結(jié)論（4）To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.總之，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明白的重要性。（5）Therefore，it is necessary for us to.因此，我們有必要（6）Only in this way/when.can we.只有用這種方法/當(dāng)時(shí)，我們才能5查缺補(bǔ)漏，加工潤色復(fù)查行文中的要點(diǎn)，檢查單詞拼寫、語法、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱等是否正確一致。同時(shí)，要對文章加工潤色，看看使用的詞匯是否地道，使用的語言是否高級；上下文是否連貫，連接詞是否得當(dāng)；句式是否多樣，是否使用了非謂語動(dòng)詞，特殊句式等靈活的表達(dá)形式。如有偏差，及時(shí)做出修改或調(diào)整。規(guī)律方法一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)讀寫任務(wù)的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可大致描述為：（1）標(biāo)題。（有時(shí)不一定要求擬標(biāo)題）（2）第1段：用一兩句話概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，約30詞。建議控制在2535詞之間。（3）第24段：發(fā)表看法或議論時(shí)，依照試題所給內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)（三年高考均為3個(gè)要點(diǎn)）本身的順序，原則上每個(gè)要點(diǎn)單獨(dú)寫一個(gè)自然段，這不但保證寫作內(nèi)容覆蓋所有寫作要點(diǎn)，而且層次清晰，讓閱卷老師一目了然。若其中兩條邏輯關(guān)系特別緊密，也可用一個(gè)自然段來表達(dá)。（4）最后根據(jù)需要，可以加一句總結(jié)性的話。二、如何概括在找出文章的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)后，就要用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述原文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。（一）概括有以下三條原則1精：用精煉的語言概括出文章的大意。可先畫出短文中的重要句子，例如：文中的主題句、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論等。2準(zhǔn)：要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延，把作者的觀點(diǎn)用自己的語言，簡潔、明了、連貫、有條理地準(zhǔn)確表述出來（注意：一般多用第三人稱）。3全：要省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié)詞語，選取包含文章的主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點(diǎn)的詞語，范圍不宜過大或過小。（二）概括的基本步驟1瀏覽短文內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確理解全文大意。首先可巧妙利用opinion，預(yù)測材料內(nèi)容。讀寫任務(wù)先讀后寫。那么“讀”的材料肯定是要與“寫”的材料話題相同的，至少是相關(guān)的。因此，我們可以利用這一關(guān)系來進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)測。2畫出短文中的重要句子，例如短文中的主題句、論點(diǎn)、重要的論據(jù)和結(jié)論等，忽略短文中的例子及不重要的論據(jù)和細(xì)節(jié)。3經(jīng)過自己理解之后，轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的話，運(yùn)用簡潔明了的語言盡可能客觀地轉(zhuǎn)述短文內(nèi)容。理清要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系之后，不能簡單地照搬原句，還必須進(jìn)行適度地改述，即用自己的話進(jìn)行改寫，才符合“不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子”的要求。那么，如何才能達(dá)到這樣的要求呢？（1）同義替換。即用同義或近義的詞語或句型改寫。如：“intellectual ability”和“academic ability”就可以用grades（成績）來替換。（2）語態(tài)互換。即主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如“He later agrees to take the suggestion to.”就可以用它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示：“He was later persuaded to.”。（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞短語與從句的互換。如“There was a king who ruled a rich country.”可以用“There was a king ruling a rich country.”來表達(dá)。（4）合并句子。就是將幾個(gè)意義聯(lián)系緊密的句子合并為一句話。如以下兩個(gè)句子We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates.Besides，it is rather unreal to grade students just according to their intellectual ability.就可合并為Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students' development，but also is unfair for them judging only by their grades.4削“枝”去“葉”，實(shí)行精“兵”裁“員”。由于詞數(shù)有限制，所以在寫summary時(shí)還應(yīng)采取一些必要的手段來進(jìn)行精“兵”裁“員”，減少字?jǐn)?shù)。慣常采用的方法有：（1）主謂縮寫。如：they willthey'll；we arewe're；should notshouldn't；can notcan't等。（2）句式省略。如：When he crossed the road.When crossing the road.。（3）使用代詞或含有替代含義的詞，如so，the same.，instead等。5故事類文章可按“起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果”的思路進(jìn)行概括，若故事還有啟示，可用一句簡短的話進(jìn)行概括；對于議論和說明類的文章，要分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，提煉每段中心意思，整合相同的論點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行概括。（三）概括的開頭語1According to the passage，we know.2The writer states that.3The author thinks/argues.4The story/passage is about.5The writer/author tells us about.6The story mainly tells us that.【例1】One morning，a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside a huge window，which overlooked the Tred Avon River.Suddenly she leaned forward and cried out，“There is a goose out there！”We saw the figure of a large Canada goose，very still，its wings folded tight to its sides and its feet frozen to the ice.Then in the sky，she saw a line of swans.They flew from the top of the sky downward and at last landed on the ice.My friend was on her feet，with one unbelieving hand against her mouth.As the swans surrounded the frozen goose，she feared that the poor goose might be pecked out by those great swan bills.Unexpectedly，those bills began to work on the ice.The long necks were lifted and curved down（彎下），again and again.They went on for a long time.At last，the goose was free and standing on the ice.And the swans stood nearby watching.Then，as if the goose was crying，“I cannot fly”，four of the swans came down around it.Their powerful bills chipped off the ice stuck in its feathers.Slowly，the goose spread its wings as far as they would go.Seeing the goose could freely move its wings，the swans flew slowly into the sky.This is a true story.Every time I think of it，I can't help asking，“If so for birds，why not for man？”寫作內(nèi)容以約30詞概括短文的含義。答案：The passage reminds us to help those who are in trouble and shows us helping others is a good virtue，which one should treasure.【例2】Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago，people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early，we would be energetic the whole day.So，getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact，morning is the best time of a day.In the morning，the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercises or only take a short walk in the morning，we can build our bodies and become much healthier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However，if we get up late，we'll probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day，we will certainly benefit a lot from it.寫作內(nèi)容以約30詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)。答案：Better Late than EarlyThe passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot，including a better memory，healthier body and better preparation for the day.三、如何提出自己的觀點(diǎn)并加以論證（一）思路如下：1要緊緊圍繞所給主題。2明確任務(wù)，千萬不要漏掉任何一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。至少包括：（1）現(xiàn)狀及原因；（2）談?wù)勅藗儗Φ牟煌捶?；?）你的態(tài)度。3可以使用實(shí)例或其他論述方法支持你的觀點(diǎn)，也可參照閱讀材料中的內(nèi)容。4注意連接詞的恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用。（二）表明觀點(diǎn)要求考生寫好“三句”一是主題句。主題句即論述的主題，句中必須包含可擴(kuò)展主題的詞、詞組或從句。二是擴(kuò)展句。擴(kuò)展句要利用必要的細(xì)節(jié)對主題加以論證說明，是段落的主體部分。它的表達(dá)形式是多種多樣的，可以按時(shí)間和空間順序、從整體到局部或從局部到整體的方法來敘述、描寫、說明或議論。三是結(jié)論句。它主要是總結(jié)要點(diǎn)，與主題句相呼應(yīng)、使讀者對主題有深刻的印象或思考。1如何寫好主題句學(xué)會(huì)寫主題句是謀篇的第一步。近三年來，高考的讀寫任務(wù)都是三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，建議將三個(gè)要點(diǎn)依次設(shè)為三段，每段寫一個(gè)主題句，放在段首，然后再圍繞主題句適當(dāng)展開。這樣可使寫作內(nèi)容一目了然，既可避免寫作時(shí)出現(xiàn)走題或偏題，又方便改卷老師落實(shí)要點(diǎn)是否齊全。寫主題句的方法有：（1）直接回答。如，你認(rèn)為好老師應(yīng)該具有什么樣的好品質(zhì)。In my eyes，a good teacher should treat his students fairly as well as make the class lively and interesting.（2）復(fù)述內(nèi)容。如，中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別。From my point of view，college life will be different from the life in high school.（3）明示觀點(diǎn)。如，你對學(xué)校拆掉圖書館的看法。Personally，I strongly believe we should preserve this old school library.（4）引出經(jīng)歷。如，根據(jù)你的個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷簡述你獨(dú)自學(xué)習(xí)或與他人合作學(xué)習(xí)的理由。Actually，my experience tells me that co­operative learning is more beneficial to me.2如何寫好結(jié)論句（1）重申觀點(diǎn)或概括內(nèi)容用簡潔的語言概括各項(xiàng)寫作內(nèi)容，重申觀點(diǎn)，起畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。如：All in all，it is the love and education from school rather than suspensions that improve students' behavior.總而言之，改善學(xué)生行為的是愛與教育而不是停課。常用句型：To sum up/In short/In conclusion/In a word/All in all.總之Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.考慮到以上因素，我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.根據(jù)以上討論，可以得出如下結(jié)論（2）提出建議或進(jìn)行呼吁若是反映社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或某種行為的文章，考生可對此提出積極的呼吁，或提出建議或解決辦法等。如：Therefore，it is suggested that you should make friends with people having different genders，characteristics or backgrounds.因此，建議你應(yīng)當(dāng)與不同性別、性格以及背景的人結(jié)交朋友。常用句型：In conclusion，it's high time that.總之，是的時(shí)候了。To conclude，it makes sense.to. 結(jié)論是，才是明智的。To summarize，emphasis should be placed on.總之，應(yīng)當(dāng)重視（3）強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性有些觀點(diǎn)提出后需要進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化以此加強(qiáng)論證觀點(diǎn)。如：To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and more healthily.總之，環(huán)境保護(hù)非常重要，這會(huì)使我們生活得更舒適、更健康。常用句型 To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.總之，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明白的重要性。Therefore，it is necessary for us to.因此，我們有必要Only in this way.，can we.只有用這種方法，我們才能四、提升策略（一）正確拼寫單詞學(xué)生在寫作中最容易犯的詞句錯(cuò)誤就是單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤。學(xué)生可以在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中采取以下幾種方法：1大量積累同義詞匯、反義詞匯及固定搭配同義詞匯和反義詞匯的積累可以增加寫作中詞匯的選擇范圍，少用或不用無把握詞匯，降低出錯(cuò)幾率。例如：積累表達(dá)“選手，參加者”的詞匯：player，athlete，participant，competitor等，當(dāng)對athlete的拼寫沒有把握時(shí)就可以從其他三個(gè)詞中選用任意一個(gè)來取代。2逐詞逐句檢查短文完成后要進(jìn)行必要的檢查。寫完全文后認(rèn)真檢查會(huì)使你發(fā)現(xiàn)一些非知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤，從而避免“冤枉”失分。（二）熟練掌握時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是學(xué)生出問題最多的地方之一，當(dāng)然也一直是老師在閱卷過程中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的方面。我們應(yīng)該從如下方面訓(xùn)練：1掌握時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)要想熟練掌握課標(biāo)要求的10種時(shí)態(tài)和它們的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，必須掌握它們的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并進(jìn)行大量實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練。2根據(jù)書面表達(dá)類型確定所用時(shí)態(tài)在寫作時(shí)我們可以按照書面表達(dá)的類型來決定使用何種時(shí)態(tài)。議論文通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行評價(jià)或闡述，用將來時(shí)進(jìn)行展望和總結(jié)；說明文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，而記敘文的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用最為復(fù)雜，建議首先理清所敘述事情的前因后果和相互聯(lián)系，再運(yùn)用所掌握的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行句型搭建。3耐心檢查養(yǎng)成寫后檢查的習(xí)慣對于提高時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確率很有幫助。（三）熟記一些常用句型1議論文過渡句型表示贊同（1）I agree with the statement that.（2）I do agree with the author.（3）I'm for the writer's idea that.（4）I quite agree with the writer's idea.（5）I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.（6）I can't agree more with what the writer said/says.（我完全同意作者的觀點(diǎn)）表示不贊同（1）I partly agree with what the writer said.（2）I don't agree with the writer's view.（3）I'm strongly against the writer's idea.（4）In some way，I agree with.but.（5）This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.（6）What the writer said sounds reasonable.But.（7）It is definitely not like that.As a matter of fact.（8）Some people argue as if it is a general truth that.But to be frank，I cannot agree with them.表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)（1）As for me.（2）In my opinion.（3）As far as I am concerned.（4）From my point of view.（5）I hold the view/belief that.（6）Personally，I believe that.（7）According to my experience，I think that.引出話題（1）There is no doubt that.毫無疑問（2）It can not be denied that.不可否認(rèn)（3）No one can ignore the fact that.誰也不可忽視（4）From what is mentioned above，we know.依上所述，我們知道2記敘文過渡句型（1）I have a similar experience.（2）I also went through such an experience.（3）This story reminds me of another story that happened to.（4）This story reminds me of a similar experience of.3提供論據(jù)或原因分析的套語總述原因（1）There are several reasons that contribute to.（2）My views are based on the following reasons.分層論述（1）On the one hand.On the other hand.一方面另一方面（2）For one thing.For another.一則再則（3）To begin with/First of all/First（ly）.Second（ly）.Besides/Furthermore/What's more.Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而且最后列舉例子（1）Take.for example.以為例/就拿來說。（2）For example/instance.例如（3）such as 比如說，諸如之類的引出經(jīng)歷What impresses me most is that.我印象最深的是分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.由于/因?yàn)镃onsequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.因此/結(jié)果（四）恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂糜⒄Z諺語 好文章離不開好句子。諺語濃縮著人類思想的精華，言簡意賅，朗朗上口。一篇書面表達(dá)中若能恰到好處地使用一到兩句諺語，無疑能夠起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，大大提升得分檔次。1惜時(shí)類（1）Time is money.時(shí)間就是金錢。（2）Time and tide wait for no man.時(shí)不我待。（3）Time lost cannot be recalled.光陰一去不復(fù)返。（4）Never put off till tomorrow.今日事，今日畢。（5）An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之計(jì)在于晨。（6）It is the early bird that catches the worm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。（捷足先登）（7）Take time while time is，for time will be away.機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來。2勵(lì)志類（1）Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（2）Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，做最壞的準(zhǔn)備。（3）Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而廢。（4）To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不進(jìn)則退。（5）If at first you don't succeed，try，try，and try again.再接再厲，終會(huì)成功。（6）He laughs best who laughs last.誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。（7）Where there is life there is hope.有生命就有希望。（留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。）3根據(jù)其所含的單詞進(jìn)行分類動(dòng)物類（1）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鳥在手勝過雙鳥在林。（2）Birds of a feather flock together.物以類聚，人以群分。（3）A cat may look at a king.人人平等。（4）Barking dogs seldom bite.吠犬不咬人。（5）Love me，love my dog.愛屋及烏。人物類（1）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作，不玩耍，聰明小孩也變傻。（2）A young idler，an older beggar.少小不努力，老大徒傷悲。（3）A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難朋友才是真正的朋友。4根據(jù)其句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類押韻類（1）Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。（2）Where there is smoke，there is fire.事出有因。（3）Better late than never.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，猶未為晚。（4）No pains，no gains.沒有付出，就沒有收獲。（5）Saving is getting.節(jié)約就是獲得。（6）Waste not，want not.不浪費(fèi)，不愁缺。首尾詞相同類（1）Business is business.公事公辦。（2）Boys will be boys.孩子總是孩子。（3）Do as the Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。首詞相同類（1）First come，first served.先到先招待。（2）Easy come，easy go.來得容易去得快。（3）Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。5其他（1）Actions speak louder than words.行動(dòng)比言語更有說服力。（事實(shí)勝于雄辯。）（2）Honesty is the best policy.誠實(shí)總是上策。（3）All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。（4）Health is better than wealth.健康勝于財(cái)富。（5）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy，and wise.早睡早起使你健康、富裕和聰明。（6）It's never too late to mend.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，猶未晚矣。（7）One is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。（8）It is love that makes the world go round.愛使世界更美好。（9）Every man is his own worst enemy.最大的敵人就是自己。（10）It is no use crying over spilt milk.打翻牛奶，哭也沒用。（覆水難收。）錯(cuò)混辨析1概括不全面錯(cuò)混辨析：寫作時(shí)，考生需要瀏覽全文，通過關(guān)鍵詞去理解文章的中心，但是不能草率地將文章的首句作為文章的主題句，否則可能導(dǎo)致對關(guān)鍵詞句把握不準(zhǔn)，對文章要點(diǎn)概述不全。解題指導(dǎo)：閱讀材料時(shí)，考生可先畫出短文中的重要句子，如文中的主題句、支撐句等。經(jīng)過理解之后，考生可將這些重要的句子轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的話，運(yùn)用簡潔明了的語言有條理地表述出來。2審題不清，要點(diǎn)殘缺錯(cuò)混辨析：讀寫任務(wù)題中只列出了寫作的范圍，沒有詳細(xì)的具體內(nèi)容。解題指導(dǎo)：考生在寫作時(shí)要表明自己的看法或者理由，并注意行文間的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣組織起來的材料才會(huì)條理清晰、層次分明。同時(shí)，考生要注意使用具體的例子加以論證。3語言平淡，缺少亮點(diǎn)錯(cuò)混辨析：不少考生在寫作時(shí)，辭藻使用平淡，以至于隱藏了文章的亮點(diǎn)。解題指導(dǎo)：練好基本功，平時(shí)多加練習(xí)，嘗試使用高級詞匯、句式和語法結(jié)構(gòu)等。一、記敘文（一）（2012·廣東湛江一中高三級5月份模擬考試）Billy，a high school boy，is 17 years old.He has a part­time job in his vacations which gets him up every morning at 5 o'clock.He is a newspaper delivery boy.It is still dark when he gets up，but during the rest of the year it is light.Bill must deliver the newspapers to the houses of the people on his route in all kinds of weather.He tries to put each paper on the porch where it will be protected from wind and rain of snow.All his customers think he does a good job. Billy earns about $ 70 per month，and he is earning some of the money to go to college.He spends the rest on records and clothes.Once a month，he has to collect money from his customers.Since many of them work during the day，Billy has to collect the money in the evening.Sometimes，when Billy is ill，his brother has to deliver the newspapers.Once，his father has to help.Billy has 70 customers now，but he hopes to get more soon.Some day，if he gets more customers，Billy might win a prize for being an outstanding newspaper boy.He wants to win a trip to Europe，but he will still be happy if he only wins a new bicycle.【寫作內(nèi)容】1以大約30個(gè)詞概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。2就“高中畢業(yè)生參加暑期工”發(fā)表看法，包括以下內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，120個(gè)詞左右。（1）列舉現(xiàn)實(shí)生活高中畢業(yè)生參加暑期工的情況。（2）分析他們參加暑期工的好處。（3）假如你打算做暑期工，你會(huì)選擇什么樣的工作，說明理由?！緦懽饕蟆?作文中可使用實(shí)例或其他方法支持你的觀點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱?！驹u分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】概括準(zhǔn)確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。_（二）（2012·廣東佛山普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（二）Young children are longing to the Chinese Spring Festival because they can get “l(fā)ucky money” （money given to children as a lunar New Year gift）from their parents and relatives.Well，the parents are not as happy as the children because they have to send out lucky money and figure out how to deal with their children's lucky money.A 14­year old boy wrote a post on the Internet to object that his dad took away his lucky money.He thought he was old enough to take care of his lucky money and made a plan to b