廣東省2013年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法熱點突破第八講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語廣東版 語法熱點突破 第八講　情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 一、情態(tài)動詞 1．情態(tài)動詞具有以下三個特點： （1）后面接動詞原形。 （2）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 （3）變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚍穸ň鋾r不需要加助動詞，而是將情態(tài)動詞移至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?；在情態(tài)動詞后加not，構(gòu)成否定句。 2．“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”表示推測、必要性 情態(tài)動詞＋have ＋過去分詞 用法 must have done 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必/準(zhǔn)是/一定做了某事” can/could have done 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中 could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)……”；此外，還可表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的可能性，意為“本來可以……” may/might （not） have done 表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，用于肯定句中，表示“也許已經(jīng)……”；在否定句中表示“可能不”，用might則表示語氣更加不肯定 should/ought （not） to have done 用于肯定句中，表示“本該做某事，而實際上未做”；用于否定句中，則表示“不該做的事反而做了” needn't have done 表示“本來沒必要做某事”，指做了本來不必去做的事 They must have_fallen （fall）asleep. I saw Mr. Wang just now.He couldn't have_gone （go）to Beijing. You could have done better，but you were too careless. You should have come to the meeting earlier. 3．表示能力，can與be able to一般可互換，但be able to可用于將來時和完成時等時態(tài)；在表示過去具體某次能夠成功做成某事時，只能用was/were able to。 4．表示請求許可，可說May/Might/Can/Could I ...？但表示給予許可時，不能用might/could，即不說you might/could。 5．must與have to的區(qū)別：must強調(diào)主觀認(rèn)為“必須”做某事，而have to 強調(diào)客觀上要求“不得不”做某事；have to 有過去式（had to）和將來時（will have to）等時態(tài)；mustn't意為“不準(zhǔn)”，don't have to＝needn't，意為“不必”。另外，must還可表示“硬要，偏要”。 6．should可表示“萬一，竟然”。 7．表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，should和ought to可互換，只是ought to的語氣稍重；should強調(diào)主觀看法，而ought to強調(diào)客觀要求。 8．shall在陳述句中表示說話者給對方的承諾、決心、警告、威脅等；也可在法令、條約、規(guī)章中表示強制，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。還可以用于Shall I/he ...（要不要我/他……？……好嗎？）。 9．might/may as well“不妨，還是……為好”；had better do sth.“最好做某事”；would rather do sth.“寧愿做某事”。 10．“cannot help but＋動詞原形”表示“不得不，只好”。 I cannot help but go. 11．cannot/can never ... enough/too ...表示“再……也不為過”。 You cannot be careful enough to cross the road. 二、虛擬語氣 類別 用法 例句 if引導(dǎo)的條件從句 與現(xiàn)在事 實相反 從句謂語動詞：過去式（be用were） 主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might＋動詞原形 If he were here，he would help us. 與過去事 實相反 從句謂語動詞：had＋過去分詞 主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 If I had been free，I would have visited you. 與將來事 實相反 從句謂語動詞：過去式/should＋動詞原形/were＋不定式 主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might＋動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping. 其他狀語從句 as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中謂語動詞用過去式（與現(xiàn)在事實不符）或過去完成式（與過去事實不符） The young man with long hair walks as if he were a girl. in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中謂語動詞用can/could/may/might/would等＋動詞原形 Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. 賓語 從句 demand，suggest，order，insist后接的從句中謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形” He suggested that we （should）not change our mind. wish后的從句中謂語動詞分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would＋動詞原形，表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer. 主語 從句 在It is necessary/important/strange that...，It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that...等從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形” It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 其他句 型中 It is （high）time that...句型中that從句謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形 It's high time that we left. would rather所接的從句中that從句謂語動詞用過去式或過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. if only句型中動詞常用過去式或過去完成式，表示強烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true！ 即時訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ．在下列各句中填入適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞 1．（2011·江西高考）It ______ （not）be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock. 2．（2011·遼寧高考）If you ______ go，at least wait until the storm is over. 3．（2011·新課標(biāo)全國高考）They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 4．（2011·重慶高考）—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night? —I wanted to，but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night. 5．（2011·浙江高考）—How's your new babysitter? —We ______ （not）ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much. 6．（2011·陜西高考）I ______（not）go through that bitter period without your generous help. 7．（2011·陜西高考）—Will you read me a story，Mummy? —OK.You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. 8．（2011·上海高考）I ______（not）worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes. 9．There ______（not）be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 10．The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______ be very slow. 11．I ______ not stay for lunch.My brother is coming to see me. 12．If I ______ plan to do anything I wanted to，I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. 13．Tom，you ______ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this! 14．（2011·北京高考）—I don't really like James.Why did you invite him? —Don't worry.He ______ not come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were. 15．（2011·湖南高考）—No one ______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. —Oh，you are really his big fan. Ⅱ．用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．（2011·北京高考）—Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined. —I wish they ______ （not be）always late. 2．（2011·北京高考）Maybe if I ______ （study）science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. 3．（2011·江西高考）We ______ （put）John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 4．If she ______（come）here tomorrow，she ______（tell）me that.We know she will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 5．If I ______（see）him tomorrow，I will give it to him. 6．I wish I ______（have）a room of my own when I was a boy. 7．I wish I ______（go）to university next year，so now I must study much harder. 8．I suggested that he ______（go）there at once. 9．He insisted he ______（send）to the city. 10．His expression suggested that he ______（pass）the test. 11．I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I ______（take）part in the sports meeting. 12．If only I ______（see）the film. 13．You ______（come）to the conference yesterday.What was the reason for your absence? 14．I ______（work）out the problem，but I was too nervous. 15．They insisted that the boy ______（go）with them. 參考答案 第八講　情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 Ⅰ．1．can't　2．must　3．should　4．would　5．couldn't　6．couldn't 7．shall　8．needn't　9．shouldn't　10．can　11．can　12．could　13．must 14．might　15．can Ⅱ．1．weren't　2．had studied　3．would have put　4．came/were to come/should come；might tell　5．see　6．had had　7．will go　8．（should） go　9．（should） be sent　10．had passed　11．would have taken　12．had seen　13．should have come　14．could have worked　15．（should） go