2016高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解（十一月）練習(xí)（2）

閱讀理解（2）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(The Most Important of All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor)Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplins early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.     A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.     This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gullivers Travels.  The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they cant agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.     The sense of humor must be singled out as mans most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.1.The most important of all human qualities is A a sense of humor.A sense of satire.C A sense of laughter.D A sense of history.2.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplins early films becauseA they can amuse people.Human beings are different from animals.C They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.D They show that people have the same ability to laugh.3.One of the chief functions of irony and satire isA to show absurdity of actions.to redress balance.C to take the wind out of politicians.D to show too much grimness in the world.4.What do we learn from the sentence it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?A It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.It can arouse people to riot.C It shows tragedy and comedy are related.D It can make people laugh.5.Who is Swift?A A novelist.A poet.C A dramatist.D A essayist.Vocabulary1.devoid            沒有，缺乏2.plague            n.瘟疫，惹人煩惱的人和事v.給造成麻煩，痛苦，困難3.faction            派別ic stereotype      可笑/滑稽的模式mentator      （集注）作者，評論員，解說員6.tinkle            n.一連串的丁零聲，電話聲，v.使發(fā)出丁零聲7.fanatic            狂熱者（尤指宗教、政治的狂熱）8.lop-sided      不均勻的9.hover            翱翔，盤旋；彷徨10.somber            低沉的，暗淡的，嚴(yán)峻的11.redress            糾正，補(bǔ)償12.pompous            自大的，浮夸的13.arrogant      傲慢的14.proportion      均衡，勻稱，平衡，比例15.Lilliputian      微型的，極小的，源自格列佛游記中的小人國里的人16.totalitarian      極權(quán)主義的17.regime            政體，政權(quán)，統(tǒng)治方式或制度難句譯注1      In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force.【參考譯文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一種促成一致（團(tuán)結(jié)）的力量。2      Human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,【參考譯文】人際關(guān)系可能因思想意識派別和政治陣營的不同而受侵?jǐn)_。3      Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.【參考譯文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。4      Charlie Chaplin查理卓別林1889-1977，英國諷刺滑稽劇及電影演員，導(dǎo)演及制片人。5      At odds with society和社會格格不入。6      Dr. Samuel Johnson撒繆爾約翰生，1709-1784，英國辭典編撰者及作家。7      A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roar.【參考譯文】幽默感表現(xiàn)的方式多種多樣，笑也許是銀鈴般優(yōu)雅輕笑，也許是震耳欲聾的放聲大笑。8      If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.【參考譯文】如果我們能見到可笑的一面，我們就不會犯這種錯誤：對自己看得過重（自以為了不起）。9      We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.【參考譯文】我們會經(jīng)常提醒自己禍兮福所伏（悲劇離喜劇實(shí)際并不遙遠(yuǎn)），那我們決不會偏執(zhí)一詞地看事物。10      Take the wind out of sbs sails使某人氣餒或泄氣。11      Swift Jonathan swift喬納森思維福特1667-1745，英國作家，生于都柏林，曾獲牛津大學(xué)碩士，三一學(xué)院神學(xué)博士學(xué)位，1688年到英國，后加入英國國教會。他同情英國統(tǒng)治下的愛爾蘭人民，積極參加他們?yōu)闋幦∽杂珊兔褡濯?dú)立的斗爭。他以政治諷刺文著世，其文筆犀利、諷刺尖銳、文章推理嚴(yán)密，用詞簡潔、語言樸實(shí)清晰，被認(rèn)為是英語的典范，格列佛游記是他的代表作之一。12      We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】mean to do是打算或注定要，一般用于被動。【參考譯文】我們笑是因?yàn)橄胄?，可是我們也想哭。是指小人國和鄰國僅僅為打雞蛋一類小事而打仗可笑，確實(shí)也是可悲。作者結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)指出是人類悲劇之所在。寫作方法與文章大意      文章以部部深入，一般到具體的寫作手法論及笑是人類特有的功能。     形式多種、效果一樣。天下人有各種觀點(diǎn)、制度、人際關(guān)系，對滑稽的東西都會報之以笑一種一致的力量。     笑基于幽默感，有了它，人們會樂觀、愉快、輕松，不偏不倚地對待一切，悲劇中寓以喜劇，幽默感又是人類開啟幸福之門的鑰匙。     論及的同時作者佐以例子，卓別林的早期電影，格列佛游記中的小人國戰(zhàn)爭等。答案詳解1.      A 幽默感。文章一開始就提出人類有別于動物是人有笑的功能，世界紛爭繁雜、人際關(guān)系因意識觀點(diǎn)差異而對峙，國家制度不一，但人們都能笑。笑基于人類最復(fù)雜而又微妙的品質(zhì)幽默感。反過來說沒有幽默感的人恐怕難以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表現(xiàn)形式多種多樣，而笑可由微笑到狂笑種種，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我們保持正確的價值觀。這是政治狂熱者所缺乏的特征。如果我們能看見滑稽可笑的一面，我們就不會犯過于看重自己的錯誤。我們總會記得悲劇離喜劇不愿，因此，我們不會有偏重某一測的觀點(diǎn)。第四段畫龍點(diǎn)睛的指出幽默是人類最重要的特征，因?yàn)樗托β暯Y(jié)合在一起。而笑又是和幸福聯(lián)系在一起。勇氣、決心、創(chuàng)造力特征，我們和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人類所獨(dú)有的。如果幸福是我們生活的偉大目標(biāo)，那幽默感就是開啟幸福的鑰匙。B.諷刺感。這是第三段講的內(nèi)容，諷刺的功能，但不是人類最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.歷史觀點(diǎn)。2.      C 作者提卓別林的電影的目的是證明某些喜劇模式對全世界都有吸引力。A.它可以取悅?cè)魏稳恕.人類和動物不同。D.證明人有同樣笑的功能。3.      B使各種事情重新相等和均衡。第三段著重講了這一點(diǎn)。人類在痛苦中掙扎，常處于戰(zhàn)爭的邊緣。政治實(shí)現(xiàn)令人絕望，在這種處境中，對某些政治事物的諷刺挖苦和漫畫可以使各種心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲頭顱；可使我看見許多深邃的事情荒謬可笑。A.表現(xiàn)行為的荒唐。C.使政治家氣餒。D.表現(xiàn)世界上太多的令人沮喪之事。4.      A它可以以諷刺的手法解釋政治時間的真相。B.這可促使人民暴動。C.它表示了悲劇和喜劇相聯(lián)系。D.它能使人哭。5.      A小說家。B.詩人。C.戲劇家。D.散文家。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2013·烏魯木齊三診，B)Nowadays, it seems that everybody wants to be a leader. Countless books about how to manage a company or influence others fill bookstores. But one needn't be a CEO or Politician to be a leader. Former U. S. President John Adams said, “If your action inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”The key to becoming such a leader lies in character. People follow only those whom they respect, trust and admire. What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.Leaders have courageThe New York firefighters who ran into the burning World Trade Tower to rescue others are modernday models of courage. Yet even more than physical courage, the everyday demands of modern life require moral courage. Insisting on doing the right thing despite pressure to act otherwise takes such courage.Leaders must face fear and doubt in many of the decisions they make. Having these feelings doesn't mean one isn't courageous. After all, courage is not the absence of fear. Rather, it's doing the right thing despite one's fears.Leaders are humbleBeing humble simply means having an accurate view of one's own limitations. Everybody has limitations. Leaders deal with theirs by seeking help from others.When leaders seek help, they recognize the skills that order other people bring to the table. And when they are successful, leaders generously praise all who contributed to the success. Humble leaders don't promote themselves; they promote others.Learning is a lifelong goal, no matter one's position. Humble leaders are never too proud to learn from all sources of knowledgeeven those under them.Leaders serve othersJust Christ said，“If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.” Leaders serve others and put the needs of others before themselves. They make the good of everyone on the team a personal priority.Leaders who serve others help the whole team accomplish more. Leaders do things to make sure everybody has the resources needed. They go the extra mile to help out during a busy rush. When leaders serve, followers are also encouraged to serve each other.Leaders have passionMoney or success can motivate someone to show up for an activity. But what motivates one to really put his heart into something? The answer is passionthe feeling that the activity is significant.Outstanding leaders inspire others because they are motivated by passion for what they do. Leaders show the significance of routine work to others by emphasizing the big picture. They demonstrate how an activity not only benefits the individual, but also one's family, community and entire society. Their passion ignites the passion of others.Leaders have integrityOne's integrity can be measured by what one does when nobody is looking. Leaders practice what they preach all the time, not just in the presence of others. Leaders also set the example for integrity. If a leader values being punctual, he arrives early.Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do. By following these principles, you can become a better person. And that in turn will make you a better leader. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的特征和品質(zhì)，要做一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不一定要做CEO或政客，如果你的行為能激勵他人，讓他人學(xué)到更多，做得更多，成就更多，你就是一名領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。5Which should be the very beginning of the text?AStrong and effective leadership might have made the team more successful.BLeadership is the position of being the leader.CLeadership is not just about what you know or doit's also about who you are!DLeadership refers to the set of characteristics.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要講述領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并不是關(guān)于他們所懂的和所做的，而是關(guān)于他們個人的品格特征等，首段通常與尾段相呼應(yīng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。6What does the underlined word “traits” probably mean?AA strong point that one who serves in a special field should be skilled in.BA particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior.CA physical or mental power that is needed to do something.DA clear purpose that a good leader should work with.答案：B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該句中的“such a leader have”以及下文所介紹的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的五個重要的品格特征可知，traits意為“人的個性特點(diǎn)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。7This action “If a leader wants everyone to work hard, he works harder.” belongs to _.ALeaders are humble BLeaders serve othersCLeaders have passion DLeaders have integrity答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Leaders also set the example for integrity.”可知，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者往往起到榜樣的作用，由此可推出，“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者想要他人努力工作，他也努力工作”能體現(xiàn)出Leaders have integrity這個品質(zhì)。故D項(xiàng)正確。8What could be the best title for the text?AA Leader's Character BA Leader for an OrganizationCThe Abilities of a Leader DThe Responsibilities of a Leader答案：A標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“What attractive traits does such a leader have? Below are five of the most important.”以及最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要講述了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的品質(zhì)。故A項(xiàng)正確。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2013·西寧市質(zhì)檢一，C)A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my fulllength mirror, repeating the words，“Hello, class. I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12yearold boy.I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.“All right then，” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。畢業(yè)一年后，作者得到了一份教授寫作課程的工作。文章重點(diǎn)介紹了作者教學(xué)過程中難忘的第一堂課。9The author took the job to teach writing because _.Ahe wanted to be respected Bhe had written some storiesChe wanted to please his father Dhe had dreamed of being a teacher答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三至五句“. as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”可知，作者接受這份工作是希望得到別人的尊重。故A項(xiàng)正確。10What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知，等第一節(jié)課真正到來時，作者感到十分緊張。故C項(xiàng)正確。11Before he started his class, the author asked the students to _.Awrite down their suggestions on the paper cardsBcut maple leaves out of the construction paperCcut some cards out of the construction paperDwrite down their names on the paper cards答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“. and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。