2016高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習(xí)（5）

人生百味類閱讀理解（5）2016高考英語閱讀理解-人生百味類 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.【小題1】What does this passage mainly talk about? ACompetition helps to set up self-respect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition【小題2】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? AIt pushes society forward.BIt builds up a sense of duty.CIt improves personal abilities.DIt encourages individual efforts.【小題3】What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail ? AOnes worth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success in competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.【小題4】Which point of view may the author agree to? AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a life-and-death matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition. 2016高考英語閱讀理解-人生百味類What I like to advise people is to find out what it is that makes them happy. What do you love to do? If you truly love what you do just go ahead and try to make a living by doing it. People will throw money at you to do it. But you will always have to work hard at it. I have to draw every single day of my life. I have to draw about 20 ideas. My advice is to put aside a certain amount of time every day and make you draw or whatever, especially when you dont feel like it. Only in this way will you be able to perfect your talent. The first step you take is to go to your local library and ask for the publications issued in the current years. When you get these publications, try to find the names of the top people concerned and their presidents. After you find these, write down their names and addresses. Keep this list and update it every year. Next thing you want to do is to create at least 40 cartoons. Get a grid（格子） from one of the strips in the newspapers, enlarge it to whatever size you wish and draw inside this grid. Now take the best 20 of your ideas and make them into finished pieces. To do this, you would want to copy them in ink because if you were a professional cartoonist, that was what you should do. Now you can reduce the size of the finished cartoons to fit onto a regular comics page. By comparing yours with the others already in print, it gives you a good idea of clarity to your cartoon. The next step is to write letters to presidents of the publication. In the letters, explain who you think would read your work, or in other words, what group do you think you would target. After you complete these, send all of your information enclosed with letters in the appropriate envelope. Now as soon as you send out these letters, start to create a brand new strip with all new characters. Dont get married to one idea because if your idea gets turned down then you will give up. And always remember. If you receive a rejection from any of them, keep in mind that you are working on something better. You will be working on something new and more exciting and the rejection letter will not have any impact. With this in mind【小題1】What is the advice from the writer in the first paragraph when you want to succeed in your life? AStop doing anything until you find something quite suitable for your future career.BPut aside a certain amount of time every day to consider how to make a living.CMake a living by something that you truly like to do as your profession and work hard at it.DPerfect your talent only by drawing some cartoons.【小題2】The purpose of writing a letter to the president was to _. Aget some money to support the later careerBenclose the information on how to become cartoonists with the letterCfocus his attention on the workDexplain who would be the readers of the work【小題3】The underlined phrase “get married to one idea” in the last paragraph probably refers to _. Ahaving a strong desire to get marriedBfixing all attention on one ideaCmarrying someone is a good ideasDrefusing one idea to get married 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·哈爾濱市質(zhì)檢，C)Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initialsthe “nameletter effect”can have some negative consequences.Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.文章大意：本文為一篇議論文。加州和耶魯大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，名字與成功之間存在著“姓名字母效應(yīng)”，而對此結(jié)果，有些研究人員則表示否定，認為這不過是巧合而已。9The new research is mainly about the relationship between one's _.Aname and unconsciousness Bname and characteristicsCname and success Dsports and school achievements答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“. new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管是無意識的，但你的名字會對你的成功有一些消極影響。因此可推斷出，這項研究主要是研究姓名與成功之間的關(guān)系。故答案選C。10Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？AMiss Smith working as a lawyer.BMr. Watt living in Washington.CCharles Brown married to Sue Rogers.DPaula Snow fond of the color white.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句中的“. nameletter effect causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own”可知，“姓名字母效應(yīng)”使得人們選擇與自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B項“Mr. Watt living Washington”是個很好的例子，因為他的名字的開頭字母與城市的開頭字母是“W”。故答案選B。11The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” _.Aisn't believed in by many peopleBdoesn't work with certain namesCdoes not really existDis often too little to show答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Pelham認為這項研究的結(jié)果純屬巧合，據(jù)他所知，很多以C或D為開頭字母姓名的人成績就很好。因此，他認為這種“姓名字母效應(yīng)”的研究結(jié)果沒什么作用。故答案選D。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。(2013·哈爾濱市質(zhì)檢，D)As the richest country in the world, you'd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And you'd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.The poll (民意測驗) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the world's 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.In Panama and Paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica.The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place.Many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions. In Guatemala, it's a culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30yearold surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that we're facing, we're surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all.The poll shows that prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And povertystricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大約) of it.文章大意：本文為一篇調(diào)查報道。通過對世界各國的民意測驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，幸福指數(shù)與健康和財富無關(guān)。12_ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll.APeople from Qatar BPeople from ThailandCPeople from Japan DPeople from Singapore答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通過民意測驗生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指數(shù)最低。故答案選D。13The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.Aa country Ba polling organizationCa person Da magazine答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，這項民意測驗調(diào)查了世界各地的15萬人，發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福指數(shù)最高的10個國家中有7個國家位于拉丁美洲，這個民意調(diào)查組織調(diào)查了148個國家，每個國家測驗了大約1千人。因此Gallup應(yīng)為進行這項民意測驗調(diào)查的組織機構(gòu)。故答案選B。14Which of the following is not included in the United Nations' Human Development Index?ALife expectancy. BEducation. CNatural beauty. DPer capita income.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“. on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income.”可知，這項指數(shù)當中不包含C項內(nèi)容。故答案選C。15What's the best title of the text?AHappiness does not depend on wealthBHow to live happily?CHealth leads to happinessDWhat are the standards to be happy men?答案：A標題概括題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段內(nèi)容可知，本文主要對一項民意測驗調(diào)查進行了報道說明。測驗結(jié)果表明，幸福與健康和財富無關(guān)。因此，A項適宜作為標題使用。故答案選A。