陜西省2013年高考英語二輪復習 專題升級訓練卷十六 史地、自然、科普、新聞類閱讀理解、信息匹配（一）

2013年高考第二輪復習英語陜西版專題升級訓練十六史地、自然、科普、新聞類閱讀理解、信息匹配（一）第一節(jié)閱讀理解AThe Alps are the youngest and highest mountain system in Europe.They stretch across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad arc.The mountain range starts near the Mediterranean Sea on the border between France and Italy.Then it curves north and eastward through northern Italy，Switzerland，Liechtenstein，southern Germany，Austria and Slovenia.The Alps are about 1,000 km long，and the broadest section is over 260 km wide.The highest peak，Mont Blanc，situated on the border between France，Italy and Switzerland，rises 4,807 meters above sea level.Other famous peaks are the Monte Rosa，the Matterhorn，the GroBglockner and the Zugspitze.Millions of years ago the area of today's Alps was covered by a large sea that separated Europe and Africa.The southern land mass started moving northwards.This movement folded rock layers at the bottom of the sea.Heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the_material upwards.Today these regions are the highest parts of the Alps.Most of the newly formed rock is granite and gneiss，but many ranges consist of limestone which also formed on the seabed.During the Ice Age，which started about a million years ago，the Alps were covered with a thick blanket of snow.Glaciers moved down valleys and made them wider and deeper.As they moved they took rock and other material with them，creating moraines（冰磧）When glaciers started to melt water filled up behind these natural dams and created the alpine lakes we know today.The largest of these glaciers is the Aletsch in Switzerland which reaches a length of about 25 km.The longest glacier of the eastern Alps is the 8 km long Pasterze，at the foot of the GroBglockner.The ice and snow of the alpine regions helped create the large rivers of today：the Rhine，Rhone，Danube and the Po.1From the first two paragraphs we know the Alps _.Aare about 260 km wideBstretch across the western part of AfricaCare the youngest mountain system in the worldDhave the highest peak 4,807 meters above sea level2What does the underlined phrase “this material” in Para.3 refer to?ASea water and rock.BRock that was transformed.CRock layers that were folded.DLimestone which was on the seabed.3It can be inferred from the passage that the Alps were formed _.Abefore the Ice AgeBduring the Ice AgeCbecause of seas' movement Dbecause of glaciers' movement4From the passage we know Danube is _.Aa kind of rock Bone of the Alps' famous peaksCthe name of a river Done of the largest glaciersBNanoparticles（納米粒子）are everywhere，from cosmetics and clothes，to soda and snacks.But as common as they are，they also have a downside，say researchers at Binghamton University and Cornell University in a recent paper published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.These tiny particles，even in low doses，could have a big impact on our long­term health.According to the lead author of the article，Gretchen Mahler，assistant professor of bioengineering at Binghamton University，much of the existing research on the safety of nanoparticles has been directly related to health effects.But what Mahler and a team of researchers really wanted to know was what happens when someone gets constant exposure in small dosesthe kind you'd get if you took a drug or supplement that included nanoparticles in some form.“We thought that the best way to measure the more subtle（精細的）effects of this kind of intake was to monitor the reaction of intestinal（腸道的）cells，”said Mahler.“And we did this in two ways：through human intestinal­lining cells that we had cultured in the lab，and through the intestinal linings of live chickens.Both sets of results pointed to the same thingthat exposure to nanoparticles influences the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.”The uptake of iron was of particular interest due to the way it is absorbed and processed through the intestines.“What we found was that for brief exposures，iron absorption dropped by about 50 percent，”said Mahler.“But when we extended that period of time，absorption actually increased by about 200 percent.It was very clearnanoparticles definitely affect iron uptake and transport.”While brief oral exposure disrupted intestinal iron transport，long­time exposure caused intestinal cells to be larger and broader，thus allowing iron to enter the bloodstream much faster.“The intestinal cells are a gateway that ingested nanoparticles must go through to get to the body，”said Mahler.“We monitored iron absorption and found that the polystyrene nanoparticles affected the absorption process and caused a physiological response.”5What is the best title for the passage?ANanoparticles are common in our life.BNanoparticles have an effect on our health.CWe should know more about nanoparticles.DThe intake of nanoparticles should be banned.6Gretchen Mahler's research is to _.Ameasure the direct health effects of iron uptakeBfind out the effect of long­time exposure to nanoparticlesCexplore how to reduce the effects of nanoparticlesDstudy how nanoparticles affect chickens7The underlined word “disrupted” in the last paragraph probably means “_”AdisorderedBbenefitedCdiscovered Dfollowed8In which part of a magazine can this passage most likely be found?AScience. BHistory.CEntertainment. DEconomy.CClimate change is threatening to redraw the world's wine­producing map，and the effects are already being seen in earlier harvests and coarser（更為粗糙、劣質的）wines.“The consequences of global warming are already being felt.Harvests are already coming 10 days earlier than before in almost all grape­growing regions，”said Bernard Seguin，the head of climate studies at France's INRA agricultural research institute.He was speaking at the opening of the Second International Congress on Wine and Climate Change.“Wine and wine­producing will change in a way that will depend on how we face global warming，”said Seguin.“If the temperature rises two or three degrees centigrade，we could manage to see Bordeaux remain as Bordeaux，Rioja as Rioja，Burgundy as Burgundy.But if it goes up five or six degrees，we must face up to huge problems，and the changes will be hard，”he said.Grapes are damaged if they ripen too quickly，due to higher temperatures and a lack of rain.“When a grape matures more quickly，you get higher concentrations of sugar，lower acidity（酸性）and a higher PH level，”said Fernando Zamora of the oenology faculty（葡萄酒釀造學系）at the University of Tarragona in Spain.The result is coarser wines，with a higher alcohol level and lower acidity which can destroy the delicate flavor of good quality wines，he said.It would also lead to higher prices in countries which tax wine according to its alcohol level.“The types of wines will change in almost all regions，”said Vicente Sotes，a professor at the Polytechnic University.And some regions which still produce good wine would no longer benefit from the ideal climatic conditions that are responsible for their fame.“The French will have problems，especially in the Bordeaux region，”said Pancho Campos，the president of the Wine Academy of Spain，who organized the Barcelona conference.“German producers on the banks of the Rhine will be the least at risk，”he said.The French “Grand Crus” could be further threatened by the “New World” wines of Australia，California，Chile，Argentina，South Africa and New Zealand，which would have the best climatic conditions.“The countries in the southern hemisphere（半球）are next to a greater mass of water，and it is sea currents that maintain the temperature at its level，”said Campos.9What's the main idea of the passage?AHow we should fight against the climate change.BEarlier harvests are the causes of coarser wines.CWine production is threatened by the climate change.DGlobal warming is very serious in many countries.10A brand of wine with poor quality bears the feature of _.Aa lower alcohol level Ba lower PH levelCa lower acidity level Da lower sugar level11The last paragraph indicates that _.Awines produced in the countries in the southern hemisphere have low pricesBFrench wine producers face more threats from the rise of temperatureCthe southern countries have much higher temperature compared with the northDthe countries in the southern hemisphere would have ideal climate for wine producingDScientists think it will be possible to record people's dreams and then interpret them.They claim to have developed a system which allows them to record higher level brain activity.Dr Moran Cerf told the journal Nature：“We would like to read people's dreams.”Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them.Dr Cerf hopes to eventually compare people's memories of their dreams with an electronic picture of their brain activity.He told the BBC：“There's no clear answer as to why humans dream.And one of the questions we would like to answer is when do we actually create this dream.”The scientist believes his latest research shows that certain neurons（神經元）or individual brain cells are linked with specific objects or concepts.He found that a particular neuron lit up when a volunteer thought about Marilyn Monroe.If a database was built up identifying various neurons with concepts，objects and people，it would allow them to “read the subject's minds”，according to Dr Cerf.However，Dr Roderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert，said that this kind of picture would be of limited help when it came to interpreting the “complex dream story”In order to get a detailed picture of individual neurons，scientists had to have electrodes（電極）implanted deep in the brain by using surgery.The Nature researchers used data from patients who had electrodes implanted to monitor and treat them for brain seizures.However，Dr Cerf said he hoped that it would be possible at a later stage to monitor people without invasive surgery.He said it would be “wonderful” to be able to read the minds of coma（昏迷的）patients who are unable to communicate.12How did we record and interpret our dreams in the past?AWe couldn't do that because of our limited science knowledge.BOnly some scientists could do that with some special systems.CEveryone could do that by asking about the dreamers after the event.DPsychologists could do that by asking about the dreamers after the event.13What can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph?ADr Cerf's latest research is really a success.BDr Cerf's latest research turns out to be a failure.CNot all scientists are in favor of Dr Cerf's opinion.DAll scientists think Dr Cerf's research is ridiculous.14Why did scientists have electrodes implanted deep in the brain?ABecause they wanted to gain a more clear image of individual neurons.BBecause they hoped to find a new way of curing the patients' brain seizures.CBecause they could get the data that would be used for treating brain seizures.DBecause they wanted to read the minds of coma patients unable to communicate.15Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?AA famous scientist，Dr CerfBScientists plan to record people's dreamsCWhen do we actually create this dreamDRoderick Oner，a clinical psychologist and dream expert第二節(jié)信息匹配AThe education in Paris BThe culture of ParisCThe population growth in ParisDThe production of ParisEThe industries in ParisFThe introduction of Paris16Paris，the capital and largest city of the country，is in north central France.The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic，cultural，and political center of France.The French government have historically favored the city as the site for all decision­making，thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.17Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century.With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution，a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century.The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads，which provided easy access to the capital.After World War ，more and more immigrants arrived.18The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting.It is a place of publication of the most important newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center.With more than 100 museums，Paris has truly one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world.The Louvre opened as a museum in 1793，is one of the largest museums in the world.19In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools.In addition，about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools.Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s.French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.20Paris is the leading industrial center of France，with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area.Industries of consumers' goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population.and modern，high­technology industries also have become numerous since World War .Chief manufactures are machinery，automobiles，chemicals and electrical equipment.參考答案 第一節(jié)閱讀理解A1. 答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段的第二句話可知阿爾卑斯山脈的最高峰勃朗峰海拔4807米。2. 答案：B解析：詞義猜測題。根據該句的結構“Heat and pressure transformed the rock and pushed the material upwards.”可知該詞語指代前面的the rock，故選B項。3. 答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據第三、四段的首句，可以推斷出阿爾卑斯山脈是在冰河世紀之前形成的，故選A項。 4. 答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段可知Danube（多瑙河）是由阿爾卑斯山脈的冰雪融化形成的大河之一。B5. 答案：B解析：主旨大意題。第一段提出了文章的主旨。根據第一段中的“These tiny particles，even in low doses，could have a big impact on our long­term health”可知，答案為B項。 6. 答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“But what Mahler.was what happens when someone gets constant exposure in small doses.”可知，答案為B項。 7. 答案：A解析：詞義猜測題。根據第四段中的“What we found was that for brief exposures，iron absorption dropped by about 50 percent.”和“.nanoparticles definitely affect iron uptake and transport.”可推斷，disrupt意為“干擾”，故答案為A項。8. 答案：A解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹了關于納米粒子的最新研究成果，屬于科學方面，故答案為A項。C 9. 答案：C解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段是本文的主題句，提到氣候變化對葡萄酒生產的影響及后果。10. 答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。題目涉及劣質葡萄酒的特點，原文第三段提到葡萄成熟得太快所導致的葡萄以及葡萄酒的特點。 11. 答案：D解析：推理判斷題。從最后一段最后一句中可知“南半球這些國家鄰近大片海域，海流可維持適宜的溫度”，由此推測出氣候變化會使南半球的國家產生適宜種植葡萄的理想氣候環(huán)境。D12. 答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句“Previously the only way to access people's dreams is for psychologists to ask about them after the event and try to interpret them.”可知心理學家通過事后詢問做夢的人可以記錄并解釋他們的夢。13. 答案：C解析：推理判斷題。第三段最后說到另外一位著名的臨床心理學家及研究夢境的專家Dr Roderick Oner認為Dr Cerf的研究成果對解讀人的夢境幫助不大，故選C項。 14.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句可知他們把電極通過外科手術植入大腦是為了得到更加詳細清楚的個人神經元圖像。15. 答案：B解析：主旨大意題。本文是在介紹科學家們在研究如何記錄并解讀人的夢境的方面的研究成果，故答案為B項。第二節(jié)信息匹配答案與解析：16答案：F解析：本段主要是對Paris的概況介紹。故選F項。17答案：C解析：根據本段第二句和最后一句可知巴黎自從10世紀后期，這個城市就在穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，人口增多。18答案：B解析：本段講巴黎的national radio and television broadcasting，important newspapers and magazines，more than 100 museums，可知是在談論巴黎的文化。故選B項。19答案：A解析：本段關鍵詞students，可見是在談論教育。20答案：E解析：根據本段第一句“Paris is the leading industrial center of France.”可以看出是在談論工業(yè)。