非謂語動詞 教案

非謂語動詞一、非謂語動詞的句法功能名稱語 法 功 能主語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語定語狀語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞二、非謂語題動詞的解題總方法與思路1.先看四個答案：如果四個答案分別為動詞原形、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等情況，那么這個題多半是非謂語動詞題。2.看符號：中間有個逗號，末尾有個句號（有時中間沒有逗號）。3.看有沒有連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）：如果用逗號隔開的兩個部分都沒有連接詞的話，一部分是句子時，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動詞就是非謂語動詞。4.定語態(tài)：如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么答案一般用V-ing形式；如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系（被動關(guān)系），那么答案一般用V-ed形式。5.定時態(tài)：如果非謂語的動作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語動詞要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ having been done），否則要用非謂語的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。1. _ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding【1答案：B】三、非謂語動詞可能出現(xiàn)的考查點(diǎn)及易錯點(diǎn)（一）使用非謂動詞的語言結(jié)構(gòu)1）在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個答案表面上象非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。2. _ hard and you will succeed in the exam.3. _ hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied【2、3答案：A A】2）在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語。4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made【4答案：C】3）在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語。5. _ with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【5答案：B】4）在“with + 賓語+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可能用非謂語動詞。6. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping【6答案：D】7. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut【7答案：A】5）在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使讓動詞或感觀動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，也可能用非謂語動詞。8. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.9. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried【8、9答案：A B】10. The policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put【10答案：B】（二）非謂語動詞考點(diǎn)易錯點(diǎn)1）表面上考分詞，實(shí)際上考形容詞的情況：11. _, he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire【11答案：C】12. The man won a big prize, _ and _.A. surprised; happy B. surprising; happyC. surprised; pleasant D. surprising; pleased【12答案：A】13. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost【13答案：B】14. The students _ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest【14答案：C】2）在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題：15. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing【15答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示動作時，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已經(jīng)演變成形容詞，本是其實(shí)可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。)16. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated【16答案：D】（sit是動詞，這里應(yīng)該用sitting; seat作動詞時，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且這個詞一般用被動形式表示主動意義。）3）在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題：17. _ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking【17答案：D】（look在本題中不是實(shí)意動詞，而是感觀系動詞，系動詞在非謂語中用主動式表被動。）18. With many problems _, the newly selected president will have a hard time.A. remain unsettled B. remaining unsettledC. remained unsettling D. remained unsettling【18答案：B】（用with開頭的部分在這里是一個介詞短語，不是句子，因此用非謂語，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”時是系動詞，只能用主動形式；problems與unsettle是動賓關(guān)系或被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞unsettled.）19. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D. washing【19答案：A】（賓語補(bǔ)足語中的動詞用非謂語動詞；雖然衣服應(yīng)該是被洗，但是當(dāng)句子主語與不定式為主謂關(guān)系時，用主動形式表被動。） 20. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【20答案：B】（動詞如果不是表示動作，而是表示物體具有某種性質(zhì)或特征時，往往用主動形式表示被動。）4）從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題：逗號分開的前后兩部分有時邏輯主語一致，有時邏輯主語不一致。邏輯主語不一致時，非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語，這種現(xiàn)象叫做“分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！?1. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 【21答案：C】（空格處的動詞本身沒有帶主語，那么本句的主語the mountain就要做其邏輯主語，由于the mountain與see是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。）22. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting【22答案：C】（permit與I沒有主謂關(guān)系，也沒有動賓關(guān)系，permit自帶了邏輯主語time(“時間允許的話”)，而time與permit為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。）（三）非謂語動詞應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)1）有些分詞有時可作分詞有時又可作形容詞。23. _ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave.24. _ with difficulties, we should not give in.A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face【23答案：C】【24答案：B】（23題中的face是一個動詞，由于與Liu Hunan是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，我們用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；24題中實(shí)際上考查了be faced with這一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容詞。）25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ to help solve the crisis.26. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ at helping solve the crisis.A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25選B、 26選C】（25題考查了動詞aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)；26題考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容詞）。27. Though _ money, his parents sent him to a key university.28. Though _ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.29. Though in _ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack【27選B、28選B、29選A】 （27題中非謂語動詞lacking（與his parents及money分別構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系和動賓關(guān)系）；28題中考查了固定搭配：be lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 為形容詞；29題考查了固定搭配（介賓結(jié)構(gòu)）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名詞，這其實(shí)是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主語和were而來的）。2）作結(jié)果狀語時，doing與 (only) to do的區(qū)別。表示結(jié)果狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞（v-ing）表示意料之中的結(jié)果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的結(jié)果.30. His parents were killed in the accident, (thus ) _ him an orphan.A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave【 30選B】（他父母出了事故，他變成了孤兒就是意料之中在事情了，用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果狀語。）31. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday.A. find B. finding C. found D. to find【31選D】（發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天是我匆忙趕到學(xué)校意料之外的結(jié)果，說明我忘記了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能還匆忙地趕到學(xué)校了。用不定式表意料之外的的結(jié)果。）3）作主語時，非謂語動詞之to do與doing 的區(qū)別。32. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk【32選B】（不定式做主語常表示具體的一次性的動作; 動名詞表示一般的經(jīng)常性的動作。）4）演變成了介詞或連詞的分詞。英語中有些詞表面上看是分詞，但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了介詞，因此應(yīng)該用ing形式還是分詞ed形式已經(jīng)變得約定俗成了。這時往往不適用非謂動詞規(guī)則，而是看英美人士的習(xí)慣。33. _her age, she looks quite young.A. Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Considering【33選D】（題意是：“就她的年齡而論，她顯得十分年輕?！边@里的considering表示“考慮到；鑒于”，它已經(jīng)變成了介詞，不管是“考慮還是被考慮”這里都用considering.）高中階段我們還學(xué)過的有：介詞concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to關(guān)于關(guān)于根據(jù)；按照包括因?yàn)?；由于連詞givensupposingseeing (that)imagingproviding/provided鑒于假如因?yàn)椋患热患偃缂偃?） 有些非謂語動詞是省略而來的，有些則不是。34. _ by her mother, the girl burst into tears. A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold【34選B】（scold與the girl是動賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作原因狀語；其實(shí)這個句子也是由一個完整的原因狀語從句省略來的。原句為：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears. 當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句的主語一致，且謂語動詞里有be 動詞時，可以把 “連詞+主語+be” 部分省略。）35. _ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less. A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study【35選B】（逗號前面部分不是句子省略而來，由于he 與study是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，加上study在先（有5年了），被叫做“專家”在后，所以用非謂語動詞的主動完成式）。6）“連詞+分詞”和“介詞+動名詞”的區(qū)別。36. If _ (give) another hour, I would have finished it better.37. While _ (do) homework, the boy likes listening to light music.【36. given; 37.doing】（given是由if I had been given another hour省略來的，if在省略前省略后都是連詞； doing是由while the boy are doing homework省略來的，while在省略前后都是連詞）。38. After _ (graduate), he found a job as a secretary in a company.【38. graduating/graduation】（after 這時是個介詞，所以后面總是用動名詞，如果改為after he graduated，那么這個after就變成了連詞。）