人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動與消費結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究

人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動與消費結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究 本篇論文目錄導(dǎo)航：人口結(jié)構(gòu)變動與消費結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系探究不同人口結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響研究緒論人口結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的理論分析我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)與消費結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀人口自然與社會結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實證分析從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進我國消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施我國人口與消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化研究參考文獻中文摘要由于我國經(jīng)濟長期對投資與出口高度依賴，國內(nèi)消費一直處于弱勢地位，最終導(dǎo)致有效需求不足。其實在進入 90 年代后，我國的宏觀經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)由原來的供給不足轉(zhuǎn)為有效需求不足，供求狀況由賣方市場逐步轉(zhuǎn)向買方市場，市場需求逐漸成為經(jīng)濟增長的主要制約因素。為了提高國內(nèi)消費在我國總需求中的比重，順利實現(xiàn)我國經(jīng)濟增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，有必要研究消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響因素，以完善我國消費結(jié)構(gòu)。決定消費結(jié)構(gòu)變化的因素很多，人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化是其中的一個重要因素。不論我國未來人口總量變化有多大，可以肯定的是，受經(jīng)濟增長與我國人口政策的影響，未來的人口結(jié)構(gòu)將會發(fā)生較大的變化。人口是對生活在特定社會制度、特定地區(qū)，具有一定數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的人的統(tǒng)稱，它永遠處于復(fù)雜的運動之中。依據(jù)人口所具有的各種不同的自然的、社會的、經(jīng)濟的和生理的特征，把人口劃分為性別結(jié)構(gòu)、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)、城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)與收入結(jié)構(gòu)。從經(jīng)濟學(xué)角度來看，消費結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為居民消費的各種各樣的消費資料（包括服務(wù)）的組合，在商品經(jīng)濟條件下，消費必須通過市場購買來實現(xiàn)，因此本文使用貨幣支出比例來分析消費結(jié)構(gòu)。具體的將消費結(jié)構(gòu)劃分為吃穿住行用、實物與服務(wù)消費、國內(nèi)與國外消費、網(wǎng)絡(luò)與實體店消費、商品性消費與自給性消費等消費結(jié)構(gòu)。不同類型的人有不同的消費需求，男性與女性的消費偏好不同，老年人的消費需求相對較弱，城市居民的消費支出要高于農(nóng)村居民，不同來源的收入對消費的影響也不盡相同。本文通過實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我國居民的各分項消費具有明顯的棘輪效應(yīng)；地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平及發(fā)展速度、實際利率、城鄉(xiāng)收入的不平等程度都對居民消費有顯著影響；中年人口的增加對消費有促進作用，老年人口則有抑制作用；不同性質(zhì)的收入對消費的影響程度大小不同。據(jù)此提出完善我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)以提升國內(nèi)消費促進我國經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)增長的主要措施，主要包括完善我國人口的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)，全面開放二胎政策甚至準許部分家庭生育三胎，降低孩子的養(yǎng)育成本，減輕家庭負擔(dān)；完善我國人口的性別結(jié)構(gòu)，性別結(jié)構(gòu)問題存在的根源在于性別歧視，要加大對女性各項權(quán)益的保障，做到事實上的男女平等，嚴厲打擊非法胎兒性別鑒定，防止出現(xiàn)選擇性養(yǎng)育情況，加強宣傳教育，杜絕城市居民"傳宗接代"與農(nóng)村居民"養(yǎng)兒防老"的思想；完善我國人口城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)構(gòu)，促進人口真實城鎮(zhèn)化；完善我國人口收入結(jié)構(gòu)，建立合理稅收制度、促進收入公平分配，建立完善社保政策，解決由特殊原因造成的收入不均，促進就業(yè)，使居民獲得收入機會公平。同時，增加農(nóng)村居民的工資性收入、提高財產(chǎn)性收入的比重，豐富城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入來源，降低收入的不確定性預(yù)期，創(chuàng)新信貸機制，將消費欲望轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實購買力，增加消費，合理引導(dǎo)消費，減少炫耀性等不合理消費，促進消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化。關(guān)鍵詞：人口結(jié)構(gòu)；消費結(jié)構(gòu)；影響；完善ABSTRACTDue to the high dependence on investment and exports, domestic consumption hasbeen in a weak position, which will lead to effective demand shortage. In fact, after enteringthe 90 s, the macro economy of our country has changed from the original supply shortageto the effective demand, the supply and demand situation is gradually turned to the buyer smarket, the market demand gradually become the main restriction factor of economicgrowth. In order to improve the proportion of domestic consumption in China, thetransformation of economic growth mode, it is necessary to study the influencing factors ofconsumption structure, in order to improve the consumption structure in China. Manyfactors that determine the structure of consumption, the change of population structure isone of the important factors. No matter how big the future population changes, it is certainthat, by the impact of economic growth and China s population policy, the future populationstructure will be a big change.The population is a general term for a certain number of people and the quality of lifein a particular social system, and it is always in a complicated movement. According to thedifferent natural, social, economic, and physiological characteristics of the population, thepopulation structure, age structure, urban and rural structure and income structure are putinto the population. From an economic point of view, the consumption structure is acombination of a variety of consumer information （including services）， in the condition ofthe commodity economy, the consumer must purchase through the market to achieve, sothis paper uses the proportion of money expenditure to analyze the consumption structure.The concrete will be divided in the consumption structure for food and clothing, housing,use, with the kind of service consumption, domestic and foreign consumption, network andstore consumer, commodity consumption and the self consumption consumption structure.Different types of people have different consumer demand, the consumption preferences ofmen and women are different, the consumption demand of the elderly is relatively weak,the consumption expenditure of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents.Through empirical research, we find that the partial consumption of residents in Chinahas obvious ratchet effect. The level of economic development, the development speed, thereal interest rate and the inequality degree of urban and rural income have a significanteffect on the consumption. Put forward the main measures to improve China s populationstructure to increase domestic consumption and promote the sustainable development ofeconomy in our country, including perfecting the structure of China s population, acomprehensive open two-child policy and even allow some families to have a three child,reduce the cost of raising children, reduce the family burden; improve the sex structure ofthe population in our country, cause of the problem gender structure is genderdiscrimination, to increase the protection of the interests of women, to achieve equalitybetween men and women in fact, crack down on illegal sex identification of the fetus, toprevent the emergence of selective breeding, to strengthen publicity and education, toeliminate the city residents "family" and "rural residents thought; improve the urban andrural raise children to provide against old age" of China s population structure, promotepopulation the real urbanization; improve the income of China s population structure,establish a reasonable tax system, promote the fair distribution of income, establish andimprove the social security policy, solve the special reasons caused by income inequality,promote employment, so that residents earn equal opportunity. At the same time, increasethe income of rural residents, income, increase the proportion of property income, richurban and rural residents, income sources, reduce the uncertainty of income expectations,the consumer desire to transform into real purchasing power, increasing consumption,reasonable guide consumption, less conspicuous consumption, and promote rationalconsumption structure.Keywords: population structure;consumption structure;influence;perfection目錄第一章 緒論第一節(jié) 研究背景和研究意義一、研究背景二、研究意義第二節(jié)文獻綜述一、國外文獻綜述二、國內(nèi)文獻綜述三、小結(jié)第三節(jié)研究思路與研究方法一、主要研究思路二、主要研究方法第四節(jié)研究框架及研究內(nèi)容一、研究框架二、研究內(nèi)容第五節(jié)創(chuàng)新之處及不足第二章 人口結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的理論分析第一節(jié)人口結(jié)構(gòu)一、人口結(jié)構(gòu)的涵義二、人口結(jié)構(gòu)的種類第二節(jié)消費結(jié)構(gòu)一、消費結(jié)構(gòu)的涵義二、消費結(jié)構(gòu)的種類第三節(jié)我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響一、我國人口自然結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響二、我國人口社會結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)的影響第三章 人口結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實證分析第一節(jié)我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)與消費結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀一、我國人口結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀二、我國消費結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀第二節(jié) 人口自然結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實證分析一、模型設(shè)定與變量說明二、變量的描述性統(tǒng)計與實證分析方法三、實證分析結(jié)果第三節(jié)人口社會結(jié)構(gòu)對消費結(jié)構(gòu)影響的實證分析一、模型設(shè)定與變量說明二、變量的描述性統(tǒng)計與實證分析方法三、實證分析結(jié)果第四章 從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進我國消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施第一節(jié) 我國目前消費結(jié)構(gòu)存在的主要問題一、消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的標(biāo)準二、我國目前消費結(jié)構(gòu)存在的主要問題第二節(jié)從人口結(jié)構(gòu)角度促進消費結(jié)構(gòu)合理化的措施一、完善我國人口的自然結(jié)構(gòu)二、完善我國人口的社會結(jié)構(gòu)參考文獻致謝返回本篇論文導(dǎo)航