2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大題精做15書(shū)面表達(dá)開(kāi)放類(lèi)含解析新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大題精做15書(shū)面表達(dá)開(kāi)放類(lèi)含解析新人教版 (半)開(kāi)放式書(shū)面表達(dá)：指給出很少的提示或近乎命題作文，這種題要求考生發(fā)揮想象把文章的內(nèi)容合理地表達(dá)出來(lái)。也有的是給出漫畫(huà)、一句話或一種情景，讓考生根據(jù)自己的理解寫(xiě)作文，即給出漫畫(huà)、主題或兩三點(diǎn)提示，由考生去發(fā)揮、構(gòu)思。(半)開(kāi)放作文形同于書(shū)面表達(dá)，但又不等同于書(shū)面表達(dá)，因?yàn)闀?shū)面表達(dá)往往給出較為詳細(xì)的提示（文字提綱式、文字+圖畫(huà)式、或圖表式），考生在組織短文時(shí)，完全可以把這些提示當(dāng)作短文的提綱或線索；考生在表達(dá)時(shí)，只需沿著這條線索思維即可，留給考生進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維的空間不多。而(半)開(kāi)放作文是一種限制相對(duì)較少、留給考生更多自由發(fā)揮空間的、考查學(xué)生書(shū)面表達(dá)能力的一種新題型。這種題型只給出主題，也就是說(shuō)只告訴你正在或?qū)⒁l(fā)生什么事情，至于事情發(fā)生的過(guò)程、結(jié)果則完全由考生自己去發(fā)揮，考生的思維完全可以發(fā)散。所以，考生的思路不同，寫(xiě)出的作文就會(huì)是千人千面。標(biāo)題式標(biāo)題式(半)開(kāi)放作文的命題形式往往是要求考生圍繞一個(gè)特定的話題去寫(xiě)作。標(biāo)題式(半)開(kāi)放作文實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的命題式作文，考生只要圍繞題目中所給的特定的話題說(shuō)明、敘述、舉例，加上談?wù)勛约旱母邢牖虬l(fā)表自己的看法就可以了。漫畫(huà)式漫畫(huà)式(半)開(kāi)放作文以北京高考為代表。命題形式往往是要求考生圍繞一幅漫畫(huà)去寫(xiě)作。然而，相對(duì)于標(biāo)題式(半)開(kāi)放作文而言，漫畫(huà)式(半)開(kāi)放作文的寫(xiě)作難度更大。?？嘉捏w(半)開(kāi)放作文的常考文體有兩種：記敘文和議論文。記敘式開(kāi)放作文一般給出一段材料，然后要求考生沿著材料的縱橫發(fā)展方向，充分發(fā)揮想象力，拓展原材料內(nèi)容；同時(shí)運(yùn)用邏輯推理方法，進(jìn)行謀篇布局；最后串詞成句，連句成文。總結(jié)起來(lái)就是，記敘式(半)開(kāi)放作文要求考生靈活處理所給材料，做到綜合分析，辯證思考，提煉觀點(diǎn)，力求論點(diǎn)合理，論據(jù)充分，論證嚴(yán)密。議論式(半)開(kāi)放作文則要求考生根據(jù)所提供的信息材料(一般為漫畫(huà))，在描述漫畫(huà)信息之余，發(fā)揮自己的想象，展開(kāi)簡(jiǎn)單的議論，并略談自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法?？偨Y(jié)起來(lái)就是，議論式(半)開(kāi)放作文要求考生圍繞所給漫畫(huà)的信息，簡(jiǎn)要地進(jìn)行描述，辯證思考，提煉觀點(diǎn)，力求論點(diǎn)合理，發(fā)人深思。值得注意的是：近年來(lái)，北京卷(半)開(kāi)放作文傾向于就圖論事、就圖明理。可以說(shuō)，議論式(半)開(kāi)放作文與現(xiàn)在流行的新課改、新課程、新課標(biāo)非常吻合，也與流行的研究性學(xué)習(xí)、探究性學(xué)習(xí)非常一致，既迎合了當(dāng)前教學(xué)潮流，又對(duì)潮流有一定的引領(lǐng)和推動(dòng)作用。因此，考生要注意訓(xùn)練自己圍繞圖片，總結(jié)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)的能力。另外，看圖類(lèi)文章的審題難度要略大于文字類(lèi)文章的審題難度，所以考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)解圖能力的訓(xùn)練。 第一步、描述漫畫(huà)內(nèi)容描述漫畫(huà)內(nèi)容的基本條件是看懂漫畫(huà)。要求是：審圖要準(zhǔn)，定位要清；描述時(shí)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，不可越位；要注意：不要花太多時(shí)間挖掘圖畫(huà)深意！因?yàn)?半)開(kāi)放作文不看重你的思想厚度，而看重你的語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量。第二步、闡述對(duì)漫畫(huà)的理解所謂對(duì)漫畫(huà)的理解，是指圍繞漫畫(huà)反映的基本事實(shí)進(jìn)行較為細(xì)致的解釋和自己的看法、感想或人生感悟等。要求是：邏輯清晰，合情合理。根據(jù)以上兩個(gè)步驟，我們可以這樣認(rèn)為：(半)開(kāi)放作文只要求你做兩件事情，一件是描述圖畫(huà)（describe the following picture），另一件是闡述你對(duì)圖畫(huà)解釋和看法（explain how you understand it）。相應(yīng)地，你只需要寫(xiě)兩個(gè)段落，一段是描述段，另一段是議論段。 1.描述段的寫(xiě)法：第一句可以使用如下句式： In the picture, there is等。 描述段的功能就是傳達(dá)圖畫(huà)中的信息，向讀者交代圖畫(huà)內(nèi)容，所以必能使用there be句型。另外，描述段的另一個(gè)功用即：為第二段的議論埋下伏筆。 2.議論段的寫(xiě)法：議論段的首句有個(gè)固定的句式，即：In my opinion, the picture is meaningful and wonderful as well.等。如何發(fā)議論呢？所謂議論，就是根據(jù)圖畫(huà)信息，表達(dá)你的看法、感想?？忌槐剡^(guò)深地挖掘圖畫(huà)信息，只需用簡(jiǎn)單的英文，表達(dá)平易的道理。換句話說(shuō)，只要你能用正確的英文表達(dá)你的感想，便贏得了勝利。Writing 1(xx·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)假定你是李華，暑假想去一家外資公司兼職，已寫(xiě)好申請(qǐng)書(shū)和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(resume)。給外教Ms Jenkins 寫(xiě)信，請(qǐng)她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(forma)。注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【參考范文】Dear Ms Jenkins,I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the ing summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital pany. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I dont even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, Im writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful.Yours,Li Hua【名師點(diǎn)睛】本文是一篇較為優(yōu)秀的范文。格式正確，要點(diǎn)全面，語(yǔ)言通順、流暢，很好地完成了寫(xiě)作任務(wù)。在本文中開(kāi)頭提出寫(xiě)信的目的，然后具體講述自己的困難，再提出請(qǐng)求，最后表達(dá)自己的感激之情。所以在內(nèi)容上邏輯性較強(qiáng)。此外，作者還使用了不定式短語(yǔ)In order to get some practical experience, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)hoping you can give me some help, 賓語(yǔ)從句if there are something to pay attention to等。經(jīng)典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮點(diǎn)所在。Writing 2(xx·浙江卷)Planning is good, but doing is better是一句英國(guó)名言。請(qǐng)以此為題用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇100120詞的短文。要求如下： 1. 簡(jiǎn)述你對(duì)這句名言的理解； 2. 用一個(gè)具體事例加以說(shuō)明； 3. 給出恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。注意：1. 文章的標(biāo)題已給出（不計(jì)詞數(shù)）； 2. 文中不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學(xué)校、老師或同學(xué)姓名等真實(shí)信息，否則按作弊行為認(rèn)定。Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better_【參考范文】Planning Is Good, But Doing Is BetterPlanning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing bined.【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】本文為一篇開(kāi)放式作文。題目給出標(biāo)題和提綱。結(jié)合題目可判斷出主要是介紹將計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施的重要性。圍繞這個(gè)主旨去寫(xiě)，不能跑題。提綱部分還要求三個(gè)方面：1. 簡(jiǎn)述你對(duì)這句名言的理解；2. 用一個(gè)具體事例加以說(shuō)明；3. 給出恰當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)尾。這就確定了作文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架。在主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)確定下來(lái)后，還要注意文章應(yīng)用第一人稱(chēng)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)發(fā)揮自己的想象，靈活運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)，采用不同的表達(dá)方式將文章完整地表述出來(lái)。注意要主次分明、詳略得當(dāng)，語(yǔ)言力求準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔，同時(shí)應(yīng)選用合適的連接詞或過(guò)渡詞，使文章自然連貫。最后要認(rèn)真查驗(yàn)是否有漏寫(xiě)情況、有無(wú)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)誤用等?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本篇范文短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)準(zhǔn)確，很好地完成了寫(xiě)作任務(wù)。在文章開(kāi)頭，作者緊扣題目，提出自己對(duì)plan的理解，同時(shí)引出下文，然后用自己的親身經(jīng)歷表明要將計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施非常重要。在文中，作者用到了短語(yǔ)in detail, bear no fruit, carry out, set out to等短語(yǔ)，避免了文章表達(dá)的單一。此外，還用到了賓語(yǔ)從句how we do和how I achieved my success, 以及句型It came from good planning and better doing bined等，這些都給文章增加了亮點(diǎn)。Writing 3(xx·浙江卷)在班級(jí)活動(dòng)中，當(dāng)你的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時(shí)，你是堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)并說(shuō)服別人，還是尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見(jiàn)？請(qǐng)你以When I Have a Different Opinion為題，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇100120個(gè)詞的短文。要求如下：1. 從以上兩種做法中選擇一種；2. 以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學(xué)校、同學(xué)姓名等真實(shí)信息。否則，按考試作弊行為認(rèn)定。When I Have a Different Opinion_【參考范文】Possible version 1:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.Possible version 2:When I Have a Different OpinionWe may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.Writing 4(xx·湖南卷)學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品(如鋼筆、書(shū)包、鞋子)設(shè)計(jì)添加新功能來(lái)參賽。請(qǐng)以My Magic _為題寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，介紹你的創(chuàng)意。內(nèi)容：1. 說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)理由；2. 介紹新功能。注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)；2. 不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)。_【參考范文】My Magic ShoesAs is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for it can protect our feet from being hurt. Writing 5(xx·江蘇卷)請(qǐng)根據(jù)你對(duì)以下兩幅圖的理解，以"Actions Speak Louder than Words"為題，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇作文。參考詞匯： banner (橫幅)stump (樹(shù)樁)你的作文應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容：1.簡(jiǎn)要描述兩幅圖的內(nèi)容；2.概述你對(duì)兩幅圖中不同做法的理解；3.舉例說(shuō)明兩幅圖對(duì)你的啟示。注意：1.可參照?qǐng)D片適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2.作文詞數(shù)150左右；3.作文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個(gè)人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。Actions Speak Louder than Words_【參考范文】Actions Speak Louder than WordsPeople celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree Writing1(河北省保定市xx高三摸底考試)進(jìn)入高三以來(lái)，同學(xué)們倍感學(xué)習(xí)壓力，有的同學(xué)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)，甚至課間十分鐘也不放過(guò)。假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象，在penpal world網(wǎng)站上用英語(yǔ)發(fā)表一下自己的看法，與外國(guó)中學(xué)生進(jìn)行交流。 注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右。 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。_【參考范文】Hi Fellows,Im Li Hua, a senior high student from China. Id like to share something with you. Since the beginning of senior high, the learning burden makes us students feel more stressed. Many of us often sit up late at night fighting for the College Entrance Exam; even a ten-minute break wont be let go.As far as I know, lack of sleep does great harm to our health. For one thing, we cant concentrate in class if we dont get enough sleep. For another, we may get angry and impatient easily. By the same token, a ten-minute break is definitely necessary, which can help us get rid of tiredness and focus on next class period. A famous proverb goes well, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. How about your situation and opinion?Looking forward to your reply.Writing 2(xx河北衡水名校高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)撬題對(duì)點(diǎn)練)近年來(lái)，名校受到越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生的推崇。請(qǐng)你結(jié)合這個(gè)現(xiàn)象寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，分析出現(xiàn)名校熱的原因，并針對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象談?wù)勀愕目捶?。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。_【參考范文】In recent years, more and more parents want to send their children to famous schools because they think it can ensure that their children go to famous universities.It is true that famous schools are equipped with better teaching facilities. However, not every student is fit for famous schools where there is fierce petition among students. And students there have to work much harder than students in other schools.I hope the government will take effective measures to make sure all the schools provide equally good education. In this way, all the students have equal right to high­quality education.Writing 3(xx江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三模擬)為響應(yīng)“中國(guó)夢(mèng)我的夢(mèng)”，彰顯高中生的青春與活力，近期JGEXB(井岡英語(yǔ)學(xué)報(bào))發(fā)布了一則征文，體裁為演講稿。征文題目為“I believe I can”。注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右；2.格式已給出；3. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,_ 【參考范文】Good morning, ladies and gentlemen,Please answer me a question, “Have you ever seen such a scene as the following?” In the morning, when you wake up, open your eyes slowly, look around, you can notice that the light es into your room and smell the fresh air, you can hear the sweet nature voice outside the windows.Yes, yes, yes, what a beautiful day, what a different day, and what a bright day! And most importantly, it is a new journey of your life, a new beginning to make new decisions, take new actions, make new friends, and take your life to a totally new world! In your eyes, you can see clearly the things you want to have, the paces you intend to go, the relationship you desire to develop, and the positions you aspire to reach. You are the only one; I am the only one, too. We are all special and different. Life will be senseless if there is no person.I am myself, so I believe I can! I know every dream will e true if I'm passionate, confident and Writing 1如何理解"合作"，不同的人有不同的看法。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的引語(yǔ)(quotation)，按要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。"United we stand， divided we fall."內(nèi)容要求：1.你對(duì)該引語(yǔ)的理解；2.你的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷；3.你所得出的結(jié)論。注意：1.短文開(kāi)頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2.文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的具體信息；3.詞數(shù)100左右。This quotation tells us that_ 【參考范文】This quotation tells us that unity is strength. Whenever we are faced with difficulties, cooperation plays a significant role in getting us out of trouble. There was a time when I was so skilled in playing basketball that I became so proud. However, after we lost a game due to the fact that I overlooked my partners and refused to cooperate with them, my coach made me realize the importance of cooperation. Later on, not only did I cooperate with others in the game but also I learned to help others and turned to them for help. Surely cooperation made a big difference and helped our team make many achievements.From this experience I learn that only if we attach much importance to cooperation can we win.Writing 2你校英文報(bào)紙開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)專(zhuān)欄：Experience。本期話題是如何面對(duì)失敗。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文，談?wù)勛约旱目捶?。注意?.詞數(shù)100左右；2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息。_ 【參考范文】As high school students, we have to admit that failure is part of our life. Difficulties can arise now and then, which may cause us repeated failure. And its impossible for us to get rid of them pletely. But we can develop the right attitude towards failure. When faced with failure, I never feel upset, blame others or plain about the environment. Instead, I remain optimistic and regard every failure as an opportunity to learn. If we can draw a lesson from each failure, well be on the right way to success. Therefore, in the face of failure, take your courage. Whats more, if necessary, turn to your classmates and teachers for help.Writing 3請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，并結(jié)合事例，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文。We all know that "sticks and stones may break our bones", but we should also be aware that words can hurt people, too.注意：1.無(wú)須寫(xiě)標(biāo)題，不得照抄英語(yǔ)提示語(yǔ)；2.除詩(shī)歌外，文體不限；3.文中不得透露個(gè)人姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)；4.詞數(shù)100左右。_ Writing 4請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150 詞左右的文章。Beauty lies everywhere. One famous person once said, "Its not the lack of beauty in life, but the lack of the eyes to find the beauty."Jim: I have a deep understanding of the sentence. The eyes stand for our attitude towards life. If we hold an optimistic attitude towards life, we are more willing and active to find everything more attractive around us. As a matter of fact, an optimistic person will find daily things more beautiful than a pessimistic person.Linda: People may be easily affected by the surroundings. Whatever we see every day has a real effect on our mindset. Therefore, I think we should learn to change our attitude towards life, and try our best to keep motivated and encouraged. If we keep an eye open for things around us intentionally, we can find there is much more beauty waiting for us.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容1.用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要；2.用約120個(gè)單詞談?wù)勀銓?duì)"保持積極向上的心態(tài)"的看法，并用23個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。寫(xiě)作要求1.寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱(chēng)；3.不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。_【參考范文】As we all know, various people hold various attitudes towards life. Optimistic people are often delighted to find beauty everywhere and the beauty is always ready for those who are active and optimistic.From my point of view, having an optimistic attitude can make a great difference in life. First, being active and optimistic plays a role in changing our attitude towards life, thus changing the way we perform and act, and finally bettering our bodily functions. That is to say, the optimistic mindset is of great benefit to us physically and mentally.Besides, this kind of mindset is helpful in improving peoples social relationships. Thats why an active and optimistic person is always surrounded by a large number of friends. My opti