傳染病學 PPT課件.ppt

SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的發(fā)病機制流行病學病毒學特征入侵部位檢測手段 MERS-CoV的流行病學特征Figure. Summary of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission pathways. Solid lines indicate known transmission pathways; dashed lines indicate possible transmission pathways for which supporting evidence is limited or unknown. MERS-CoV的流行病學特征 SARS-CoV、SARS-CoV-2比較 關于SARS-CoV-2流行病學最近研究進展 Figure 3. Evolutionary relationships and geographical distribution of 58 haplotypes of SARS-CoV-2(A, B). Evolutionary paths (C) of haplotypes and possible transmission and spreading routes (D) were also inferred based on evolutionary analyses and epidemiologic research. Sampling size of haplotypes and regions were annotated in the circles 基因組學特征u Figure 1. Betacoronavirus genome organization. Coronavirus genome comprises of 5 untranslated region (5UTR) including 5 leader sequence, open reading frame (orf) 1a/b (yellow box) encoding non-structural proteins (nsp) for replication, structural proteins including envelop (orange box), membrane (red) and nucleoprotein (cyan box), accessory proteins (purple boxes) such as orf 3, 6,7a, 7b 8 and 9b of 2019-nCoV (HKU-SZ-005b) genome, and 3 untranslated region (3UTR). u Examples of each betacoronavirus lineage are human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 (lineage A), 2019-nCoV (HKU-SZ-005b) and SARS-CoV (lineage B), Human MERS-CoV and bat CoV HKU9 (lineage C) and Bat CoV HKU4 (lineage D). The length of nsps and orfs are not drawn in scale. SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV作用于宿主細胞的機制 Fig. 2. Comparison of the known structures SARS-CoV RBD and its ACE2 complex with the deduced molecular models of 2019-nCoV RBD. Some structure segments and key amino acid residues are indicated. 檢測方法實驗室檢測：病毒分離金標準分子診斷技術基因測序技術：二代測序宏基因組學技術、第3代測序儀（納米孔測序儀MinION） 、低輸入元基因組測序（mNGS）方法 、Tn5轉座酶的轉錄組測序 PCR技術基因編輯技術 以CRISPR/Cas系統(tǒng)為代表 其他分子診斷技術 環(huán)介導等溫擴增（LAMP）：核酸擴增技術中應用最為廣泛。設備簡單，檢測性能與實時熒光RT-PCR相近，檢測時間短，但技術難度和對設備要求較高 核酸POCT技術： 短時間內完成核酸擴增、信號收集與結果分析，可有效防止交叉污染 。核酸質譜技術：新型軟電離生物質譜分析技術。高靈敏度、高通量、操作簡單，可同時檢測多種病原體，適用于呼吸系統(tǒng)感染性疾病病原體的鑒定。 檢測方法血清免疫學檢測技術膠體金技術：優(yōu)點：操作方便快速，實用性強?；鶎俞t(yī)療單位、現(xiàn)場檢測等使用廣泛。不足：敏感度和特異性會較核酸檢測弱，假陽性率、假陰性率出現(xiàn)的概率會更高。 化學發(fā)光技術：特異性高、線性范圍寬、速度快。臨床應用廣泛。 ELISA：進展期和恢復期，血清病毒抗體檢測。檢測速度慢，步驟繁瑣，使用較少。 謝謝觀看！