高考英語一輪復習 寫作素養(yǎng)培養(yǎng) 第12講 發(fā)揮合理想象靈活闡釋開放作文課件 新人教版.ppt
走向高考 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復習,寫作素能培養(yǎng),第三部分,第十二講 發(fā)揮合理想象, 靈活闡釋開放作文,第二部分,(半)開放作文 開放性作文一般沒有提示和要點的限制,從而更好地考查了考生對英語語言的綜合運用能力及考生的想象力和創(chuàng)造力,因此,這種題型也越來越受到高考命題人的青睞。 一、試題特征 1命題式開放性作文,即給出作文題目,要求考生根據(jù)對作文題目的分析、理解,自由發(fā)揮。命題式開放性作文不像圖畫式開放性作文那樣受到內(nèi)容或文章體裁方面的限制,命題式開放性作文根據(jù)內(nèi)容要求可以是記敘文、議論文、說明文,也可以是應用文等。,2圖畫式開放性作文,即給出一幅圖畫,要求考生根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容及對圖畫的理解,寫出英語作文。圖畫式一般有兩種情況,一是事件或事故發(fā)生的圖畫,二是夸張式的寓意圖。對于事件或事故發(fā)生的圖畫,一般采用記敘文文體;而對于寓意式的圖畫,一般采用議論文文體。根據(jù)不同內(nèi)容的圖畫,考生可以套用不同的寫作模式。 3以湖北為代表的命題形式:不給出具體事例及提示的半開放性作文。,二、寫作步驟 開放性作文沒有要點提示。面對一幅抽象的圖畫或一個標題,考生往往感到茫然,不知所措。為此,建議考生在寫作時從以下幾個方面入手: 1虛擬目標,有的放矢 首先,虛擬讀者對象,以便具體地告訴讀者某話題;然后,列出要點,寫出提綱,從而變抽象為具體,使開放性作文成為限制性作文。,2理解題意,聯(lián)系生活 開放性作文的形式可分為圖畫式或命題式。對于圖畫式開放性作文,考生必須首先準確描述畫面內(nèi)容;其次,對圖畫的寓意深層解讀;最后,結(jié)合生活實際進行聯(lián)想,發(fā)表自己的看法,或給人們提出警示或建議。對于命題式開放性作文,首先必須準確理解題目意思,抓住標題中的關(guān)鍵詞;其次,確定文章體裁,結(jié)合生活實際組織材料。,3確立主題,列出提綱 不論是圖畫式開放性作文,還是命題式開放性作文,都要注意以下幾點:一是審題,包括題目或圖畫的內(nèi)容、命題老師的目的或意圖、寫作時需要使用的文章體裁等;二是定文章的主題、結(jié)構(gòu)、層次;三是列出要點和提綱,即哪些東西需要寫,哪些東西不需要寫,做到心中有數(shù);四是文章中所用的人稱、時態(tài)、語態(tài);五是文章所需要的詞匯、短語、句型等。這就為后面的寫作做好了充分的準備。,4根據(jù)體裁,快速寫作 不同的體裁,寫作的方法和思路也不一樣??忌\用平時所了解到的文體特點,結(jié)合提綱,將文章要點組織起來,以便迅速寫出文章。記敘文,通常第一段用一兩句話交代事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因等,第二段敘述事情發(fā)生和發(fā)展的經(jīng)過,第三段是事情發(fā)生的影響及人們對此的評價或看法。說明文,通常第一段用一兩句話點出說明對象,第二段按照時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序進行講解或介紹,第三段提出想法或建議。議論文,通常第一段用一兩句話提出論點,第二段從正反兩方面進行論證,第三段通過對上述第二段的分析,總結(jié)得出結(jié)論。應用文,首先注意應用文的格式,其次表達清楚所要講的事情;最后要注意語言措辭及禮節(jié)等。,三、注意事項 1認真審題,即審語境、審人稱、審時態(tài)。 2要緊扣主題,首尾呼應。 3注意寫作對象和語言風格,要有讀者意識。 4要進行細致描寫,有細節(jié)的支撐。 5要有主次之分,詳略得當。 6必須符合邏輯。 7要做到思想健康,積極向上。 8內(nèi)容新穎。新穎的內(nèi)容能夠充分體現(xiàn)考生的創(chuàng)造力,這正好符合新課標所提倡的素質(zhì)教育的要求。,四、常用句式 1The picture presents to us that. 這幅畫向我們展示了 2As is seen in the picture./We can see from the picture that 從這幅圖畫中我們可以看到 3So it is a better choice to. 因此是更好的選擇。 4On one hand,I don't think it is right to. 一方面,我認為是不正確的。,5Therefore,when we.it is wise to. 因此,當我們時,是很明智的。 6I think that this picture tries to tell us. 我想這幅圖是想告訴我們 7I sincerely hope that. 我真誠地希望 8We must learn to. 我們必須學會,(2013·高考浙江卷)請以“One Thing I'm Proud of”為題,用英語寫一篇100120個詞的短文,記述一件你自己認為得意的事情。要求如下: 1記述事情經(jīng)過; 2簡要說明你感到得意的原因或從中得到的啟示。 注意:文章的標題已給出(不計詞數(shù))。,我對這段經(jīng)歷感到驕傲,因為它讓我意識到我們都能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的潛能,通過努力也能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)我們的夢想。 I am really proud of this experience,because it helps me realize that we can fulfill our potential and achieve our goals through hard work.,核心詞匯: 打乒乓球:play table tennis 決心做某事:be determined to do sth. 挑戰(zhàn)某人:challenge sb. 以而自豪:be proud of 實現(xiàn)目標:achieve one's goal 熟能生巧:Practice makes perfect.,要點四:我經(jīng)常地觀察他們,來學習他們的技巧。 I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques. 要點五:我一直練習。 I kept practicing. 要點六:我變得足夠有信心來挑戰(zhàn)優(yōu)秀選手。 I became confident enough to challenge the good players.,要點七:學期結(jié)束時,我成為我們班級的最佳選手之一。 At the end of the term I became one of the best players in my class. 要點八:它幫我更好地理解了“熟能生巧”這個諺語。 It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect”,One possible version: One Thing I'm Proud of I still remember how I became a good table tennis player. The first day I went to high school,I saw some of my classmates playing table tennis.Amazed at how skillful they were,I was determined to be just as good.Later on,I often watched them carefully to learn their techniques.Then I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.At the end of the term I became one of the best players in my class.,I am really proud of this experience,because it helps me realise that we all can fulfill our potential and achieve our goals through hard work.In addition,it also helps me better understand the proverb“Practice makes perfect”.,(2015·江西省五校第一次聯(lián)考) 在英語課堂上,你的周圍有一些學習效率高的同學,他們表現(xiàn)突出,這與他們良好的習慣是分不開的。請就此話題用英語寫一篇120詞左右的短文,舉一兩個例子說明他們的良好習慣,并談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?_,答案:Some students have always been very efficient at schoolwork, among whom, Li, monitor of our class, is an example. He distinguishes himself as the most productive student in the class.,When asked why he is always so productive, Li responded that it was some good habits that benefited him greatly and enabled him to be quite effective at schoolwork. Li always has a strictlyfollowed plan, for he believes that efficiency depends on good organization. Besides, he makes full use of his time. He listens attentively and takes notes in class, keeping close pace with the teacher. After class, he not only finishes the homework but also makes sure that consolidation work has been done. Moreover, he attaches great importance to critical thinking, with which he never accepts anything blindly.,From Li we can learn that a student's good performance and success is closely connected with his good habits. Good habits are very vital. We may benefit from them or suffer from the absence of them.,