《動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)》PPT課件

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every , sometimes,at, on Sunday等一般過(guò)去時(shí)yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等一般將來(lái)時(shí)next, tomorrow, in+一段時(shí)間, before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently等過(guò)去完成時(shí)before, by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間, until, when, after, once等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten yesterday evening when, while等將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般用法:1表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): every, sometimes,at, on Sunday。 e.g. He often goes to the cinema.2表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等 , e.g. He sings well.（能力）3表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí) 、格言以及不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在的事實(shí) , e.g. Knowledge is power. （客觀真理） 2.特別用法: 1主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或表示將來(lái)意義,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Ill write to her when I have time2讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Whether you help him or not, he will fail. Next time Ill do as he says.3表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表 、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. The train leaves at 12:00. 二.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（did式）:1.基本用法:1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等 He bought the computer five years ago.2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,e.g. We often played together when we were children.注:表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,可用would, used to, e.g. He used to go to work by bus. 2.特別用法: 過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣: 1) 動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等: I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would。 e.g. Could you lend me your bike? 能借用一下你的自行車(chē)嗎？ 三.一般將來(lái)時(shí)（will/shalldo）:1.will表示沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,而是在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候才決定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the door. -Oh, Ill close it at once. will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 2. be going +不定式，表示將來(lái)。a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。 3. be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或安排將發(fā)生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。4. be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。5. be due to與時(shí)間表,旅行計(jì)劃等有關(guān)。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00. 四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影響性用法:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,已經(jīng)完成,且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果, e.g. He has left the city.（結(jié)果:他不在這個(gè)城市） Someone has broken the window.（結(jié)果: 窗戶(hù)仍破著）2持續(xù)性用法:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去或可能到此結(jié)束,e.g. We have been busy this afternoon. 2.用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的典型場(chǎng)合:1“since過(guò)去時(shí)間”或“since接that從句（從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”則句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been since I last saw you?2句中有so far/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now e.g.So far there has been no news.3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）timethat從句”或“It/This/That is the onlythat從句”或“It/This/That is the 最高級(jí) that從句” e.g. It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（注:以上句型把is改為was,則從句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)） 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別:1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去。2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等 e.g.Ive lived here for ten years. （現(xiàn)在仍住在這兒 ） I lived here for ten years. （現(xiàn)在不住在這兒 ）He has bought a house. （現(xiàn)在已擁有這房子） He bought a house. （現(xiàn)在擁不擁有這房子,不知道,只是知道買(mǎi)了房子,現(xiàn)在可能擁有也可能賣(mài)掉了） 五.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have/has been v-ing）1.一般用法:表示現(xiàn)在以前一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作可能仍在進(jìn)行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, thats why I _ to work by train.A.have been goingB.have goneC.was going toD.will have gone 六.過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had p.p.）1.表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once e.g.I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 用好過(guò)去完成時(shí),關(guān)鍵在于理解它的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。2.want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)不定式的一般式（等于這些動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等e.g.I had meant to come, but something happened.（ I meant to have come, but something happened. ）I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didnt permit. （ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didnt permit. ） 3.一些特殊句型中的過(guò)去完成時(shí):1“It/This/That was the first （second/third）timethat從句”或“It/This/That was the onlythat從句”或“It/This/That was the 最高級(jí) that從句”2by（ the end of ) / by the time 過(guò)去時(shí)間, e.g. We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine.3no sooner than ; hardly /scarcely when No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates. Hardly had he heard the news when he cried. 七.將來(lái)完成時(shí)（will/shallhave p.p.）1.表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間為止會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作,e.g. When we get there, shell have gone to work.2.by（ the end of ）將來(lái)時(shí)間, e.g. We will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term. By the time he comes back, we will have repaired the machine.3.與用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)一樣,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái),e.g. Ill go with you when I have finished my work.等我完成工作以后我就同你去。 八.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（ bev-ing ）:1. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。e.g. Were having a meeting. （說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 He is teaching in a school. （目前這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái), 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,e.g. Im leaving tomorrow. 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always/forever/constantly /continuously等連用,表示滿(mǎn)意、稱(chēng)贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,e.g.Shes always helping others.5.動(dòng)詞be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài),e.g.She is foolish.（生性如此）She is being foolish.（一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)）能這樣用的形容詞多為angry, careful, clever, stupid, kind, brave, friendly, rude, polite等動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞。 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1）表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。2）表示心理狀態(tài),情感的動(dòng)詞，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如： I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛(ài)她很深。3）瞬間動(dòng)詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如： I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。4）系動(dòng)詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, 等。 例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。 九.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was/were v-ing ）1. 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, He was playing while I was studying.-Hey, look where you are going!-Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticingB. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticeD. I dont notice 十.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（will/shallbe v-ing）1.基本用法:表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,e.g. When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes, thats why I _ to work by train.have been goinghave gonewas going to will have gone 語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be/ get + 過(guò)去分詞注意1. 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss)2. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.3. 當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式:（A）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用從句來(lái)表示。如：He is said to be a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. . 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況 1. 不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例如：（錯(cuò)） The price has been risen.（對(duì)） The price has risen.（錯(cuò)） The price has raised.（對(duì)） The price has been raised.（錯(cuò)） Please seat.（對(duì)） Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。2. 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如： It sounds good. 聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1.表示主語(yǔ)特征、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well.這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)路好。2.be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生 了，我該受指責(zé)。3.在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后 例如： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 門(mén)該修了。 4. 在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。 This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.5. 用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)和被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞不定式。 I have something to tell you. 1.Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People_to ask how I am going to spend the money.A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning2.-Im sorry, but you are fined $50! You know you_ 120 km an hour, dont you ?A. are driving B. were driving C. have driven D. had driven 3. They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working, are still working B. had worked, were still workingC. have been working, have workedD. have worked, are still working A 4. -You are drinking too much . -Only at home . No one _ me but you .A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw5. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power_increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been6.Who is Jerry Cooper? -_ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yet C. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yetcCD 7. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left8. The crazy fans_patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait9. -I hear Janes has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. -Oh, how nice！Do you know when she_ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left CB D 10. I dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes ; comes C.will come ; comes D. comes ; will come11. -Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad. -Oh, really ?I_ . _ visit her. A.didnt know; Ill go and B.dont know; Ill go and C.dont know ; I,m going to D.didnt know; I m going toCA 12.I really dont think ketty will mind it,but youd better go and see her in case she _. A.does B.do C.will mind D. has minded13.-How are the team playing? -They are playing well ,but one of them _hurt. A. got B.gets C.are D.were 14.Dont disturb her. She _ letters all the morning and has finished eight. A. was writing B. has written C. has been writing D. wrote A AC 15.In my opinion, all Mr. White _ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.A. does does does B. does do doC. does does do D. did do does16. They intend to go on with the experiment until 10 oclock tomorrow morning, and by then they _ for 22 hours. A. are working B. have been working C. will be working D. will have been working 17. Be careful! Dont get the orange juice on your shirt, for it _. A. isnt washing out B. wont be washed out C. Isnt washed out D. wont wash outC DD 18.The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels 19.Oh, where is my wallet ? Maybe I left it in the car. -You _ things behind! A. are always leaving B. were leaving C. have left D. always leave 20.My brother _ home for two years and we havent heard from him ever since he _. A. has left ; left B. has been away; was away C. has been away from; left D. left; was away CA C 22 My former English teacher, who_ in our school for over 20 years, now lives in his hometown. A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. works23.The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read24. -You look tired. - Yes. I _ non-stop until 8 oclock. A. had worked B. had been working C. have worked D. was working BBD 25.Youd better not call Mr. Green between 7 and 8 this evening , for he _ an important talk then.A. will have B. would have C. will be having D. will have had C 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)01、(08全國(guó)卷I 27) Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time ? Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society.A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined02、(08全國(guó)卷I 29) The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive.A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected03、(08全國(guó)卷II 11) If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day.A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining DA A 04、(08全國(guó)卷II 14) If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing05、(08北京卷 21) John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he has not smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would.06、(08北京卷 22) Have you read book called Waiting for Anya? Who _ it? A. writes B. has written C. wrote D. had written07、(08北京卷 27) The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ in many worse hotels. A .was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed AD CD 08、(08北京卷 29) No decision _about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made09、(08上海春卷 29) Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future A.live B. would live C. will live D. have lived10、(08上海春卷 31) Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention A.infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infectedACB 11、(08上海卷28) -Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? - Terry? Never! She_ tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates 12、(08上海卷32) In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run13、(08天津卷 14)He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had playedDB B 14、(08重慶卷 23)Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year. A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet15、(08重慶卷 31) He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded16、(08重慶卷 35) Teenagers their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damageB B B 17、(08遼寧卷 23)We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ each other for years.A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know18、(08遼寧卷 29)Have you got any job offers?No. I _.A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting19、(08山東卷 25)By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walkedCDC 20、(08江蘇卷 33)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing21、(08江西卷32) Do you think we should accept that offer?- Yes, we should, for we _such bad luck up till now, and time _ out.A. have had; is running B. had; is running C. have; has been run D. have had; has been runDA 22、(08安徽卷22) -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played23、(08安徽卷33)I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught24、(08浙江卷05) I dont believe youve already finished reading the book I _it to you this morning!A. would lend B. was lending C. had lent D. lent BD D 25、(08浙江卷07)Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested26、(08湖南卷32)I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time!A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked27、(08湖南卷35) Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered CAC 28、(08陜西卷06) The moment I got home, I found I my jacket on the playground.A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving29、(08陜西卷17) Though we dont know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic .A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed30、(08四川卷07)The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung31、(08福建卷25) So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seenA DB D