（江蘇專版）高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 微專題訓(xùn)練 第24練 歷史與地理類-人教版高三全冊(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

第24練 歷史與地理類 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 單詞識(shí)記： abundant　　ambassador　condition　consist countryside differ discover disturb divide geography locate landmark mineral period primitive reflect ruin slavery witness worldwide 短語(yǔ)掃描： be surrounded by/with...被……環(huán)繞著/包圍著 be located in坐落在…… be made up of 由……組成 be famous/well­known for以……聞名 have a population of有……的人口 have a history of 有……的歷史 in the course of 在……期間，在……過(guò)程中 lie in位于；在于 settle down定居 take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌 [跟蹤訓(xùn)練] Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞 1．The children are ________(分成) into six groups to practice the dialogue. 2．Few people realized the significance of the ________(發(fā)現(xiàn))． 3．There were more ________(slavery) than citizens in ancient Athens. 4．The idea that she ________(目睹) this shameful incident meant nothing to him. 5．France is ________(abundant) supplied with excellent family­run hotels. Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 6．There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage ________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015·湖北，25) A．leaves out B．goes against C．lies in D．makes up 7．James Cameron，who is famous ________ great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar. A．a(chǎn)s B．in C．on D．for 8. The wooden house________by many trees ________ south. A．surrounded；facing B．surrounded；faces C．surrounding；facing D．surrounding；faces 9．My breakfast mainly ________ chocolate­covered biscuits and glasses of milk. A．consists of B．makes up C．makes of D．consists in 10．The kite is made ________ paper. A．of B．into C．up of D．from Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2017·甘肅通渭馬營(yíng)中學(xué)月考) The mysterious human ancestor called Homo naledi(納萊迪人) was primed for success in a prehistoric triathlon，new research shows—if the challenges were walking upright，climbing trees，and handily wielding tools. Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cave，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣) of Homo naledi，reported Tuesday in Nature Communications.With funding from National Geographic，one took a close look at 107 foot bones，the other at 26 bones from a nearly complete right hand. In most respects，the H．naledi foot looks surprisingly like a modern human’s.Its ankle joint，parallel big toe and wide heel bone belong to a striding biped(兩足動(dòng)物)，a creature fully adapted to efficiently walking upright on two legs.But its lower arch and curved toe bones are more ape­like. The hand，with its curved fingers，indicates that H．naledi were strong climbers—and yet the long，strong thumb and shock­absorbing wrist could also have been capable of manipulating tools(though no tools have been found yet)． It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronounced arboreal proclivities. “H.naledi had a unique form of locomotion for a member of the genus Homo，” says study author William Harcourt­Smith of CUNY’s Lehman College. 1．How do people learn about Homo naledi? A．By studying on fossils. B．By meditation. C．By locomotor habits. D．By data base. 2．Which of the following statements is RIGHT according to the passage? A．Scientists have enough evidence to make sure that Homo naledi could make tools. B．Homo naledi had a unique form of locomotion so they don’t belong to genus Homo. C．Some features of Homo naledi can show that they are thoroughly modern human. D．There exist some differences between Homo naledi and modern human. 3．What is the role of National Geographic? A．The sponsor. B．The scholar. C．The scientist. D．The detector. B (2017·湖南衡陽(yáng)八中質(zhì)檢) New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world，spanning an area of 620,000 sq km. The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary(保護(hù)區(qū)) will be one of the world’s most significant fully protected ecosystems，the prime minister of New Zealand，John Key，told the UN General Assembly in New York. The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean，about 1,000 km north­east of New Zealand，and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands.The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity，featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins,150 types of fish and three of the world’s seven sea turtle species.It is also geologically significant，including the world’s longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench，into 10 km underwater—deeper than Mount Everest’s height.The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf(矮化) any previous New Zealand’s protected area，spanning twice the size of the country’s mainland.It will cover 15% of New Zealand’s economic zone. Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned，as will oil，gas and mineral prospecting(勘探)，exploration and mining.Key’s government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year. “The sanctuary is a world­class，unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations，” Key said.“New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans，which are an important part of our culture，economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably.Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries，but those of our Pacific neighbors，adding to New Zealand’s efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.” Nick Smith，New Zealand’s environment minister，said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.“New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing，aquaculture，minerals and energy，but we also need to set aside special areas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected，” Smith said. New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology.The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US，the UK and Australia. Matt Rand，director of the Pew Charitable Trusts’ Global Ocean Legacy(遺產(chǎn)) campaign，welcomed Key’s announcement.“New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary，preserving one of the few relatively unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth，” he said.“This commitment is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguard at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.” 4．Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity? A．It has a superior geographical location. B．It has many different kinds of sea animals. C．Its environment is suitable for the growth of marine life. D．It is the only unspoiled area of ocean remained on Earth. 5．Which of the following will Key probably agree on? A．People are allowed to fish for fun in the sanctuary. B．All Pacific countries should be responsible for ocean resources. C．New Zealanders attach great importance to protecting the sanctuary. D．New Zealand has made great achievement in creating protected areas. 6．What can we infer from what Nick Smith said? A．New Zealand should develop its marine industry in special areas. B．The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary may affect New Zealand’s mining industry. C．New Zealand hasn’t figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources. D．Measures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations. Ⅱ.佳作背誦(歷史與地理) 假如你是張磊，你的網(wǎng)友Mike在暑假期間要來(lái)中國(guó)旅游，想事先了解北京的風(fēng)貌。請(qǐng)你給Mike介紹一下北京的情況。 內(nèi)容包括： 1．北京位于華北地區(qū)，距渤海大約150千米； 2．北京是中國(guó)的政治中心，在文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科學(xué)、教育等方面起著重要作用；北京有很多著名的大學(xué)，例如：北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)等； 3．北京歷史悠久，歷史文化古跡有市區(qū)的故宮、北海公園、天壇等；郊區(qū)有頤和園、長(zhǎng)城、明陵等； 4．北京的交通便利：地鐵四通八達(dá)，公交方便，出租車司機(jī)樂(lè)于助人。 參考詞匯：天壇 the Temple of Heaven；明陵 the Ming Tombs 參考范文 Dear_Mike， I_am_glad_to_have_heard_you_are_going_to_China_for_your_summer_vacation.I’m_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_Beijing. Beijing lies in Northern China, about 150 kilometers from the Bohai Sea.It not only is the political center of the country, but also plays an outstanding part in the nation’s cultural, economic, scientific and educational richness.There are numerous universities in Beijing, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University. Among the city’s historical and cultural monuments are the Palace Museum, Beihai Park and the Temple of Heaven.In the suburbs, there are many other sights, including the Summer Palace, the Great Wall and the Ming Tombs. It is now very convenient to travel in Beijing.There are subway lines on which you can travel around the city.And the buses are near you all the way and taxi drivers in Beijing are also ready to help you. Welcome_to_Beijing!_I_hope_you_have_a_good_stay_in_Beijing!_ Yours_sincerely， Zhang_Lei 答案精析 第24練　歷史與地理類 高考高頻單詞與短語(yǔ)識(shí)記排查 跟蹤訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.1.divided　2.discovery　3.slaves　4.witnessed 5．a(chǎn)bundantly Ⅱ.6.C　[考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這位選手的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能夠用英語(yǔ)與外國(guó)人進(jìn)行交流。leave out忽略，遺漏，不考慮；go against不利于，違反；lie in在于；make up組成，編造，化妝。故選C。] 7．D　[句意為：以制作大型動(dòng)作場(chǎng)景而著稱的James Cameron導(dǎo)演了他的新片《阿凡達(dá)》。be famous for...因……而著名。] 8．B　[句意為：被許多樹(shù)環(huán)繞的那間木屋面朝南。house 與surround構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用surrounded；face為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。故選B。] 9．A　[句意為：我的早餐主要由巧克力餅干和幾杯牛奶組成。consist of由……組成；make up組成(常用被動(dòng))，編造，整理；consist in在于，存在于。結(jié)合句意可知正確答案為A項(xiàng)。] 10．A　[句意為：這個(gè)風(fēng)箏是用紙做的。be made of由……制成，使用的材料能夠看得出來(lái)；be made from由……制成，使用的材料不能直接觀察出來(lái)；be made into把……(原料)制成……(成品)，反義詞組是be made out of，后加原料；be made up of由……組成。] 閱讀能力與寫(xiě)作能力專練 Ⅰ. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章介紹通過(guò)研究化石，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)納萊迪人的腳和手已經(jīng)進(jìn)化得和人類很相似了。 1．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cave，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣) of Homo naledi，...”可知，人們是通過(guò)化石了解納萊迪人的。故選A。] 2．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronounced arboreal proclivities.”可知，納萊迪人同現(xiàn)代人還是有區(qū)別的，故選D。] 3．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“With funding from National Geographic”可以看出它充當(dāng)贊助者的角色。故選A。] 4．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity, featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins, 150 types of fish and three of the world’s seven sea turtle species.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。] 5．C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“‘The sanctuary is a world­class, unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations，’Key said. ‘New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans...we are committed to managing them sustainably...’”可推知，C項(xiàng)正確。] 6．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句“Nick Smith，New Zealand’s environment minister，said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.”可推知，B項(xiàng)正確。]