（湖北專用）（新課標(biāo)）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)作業(yè)手冊 專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)26 科普知識型閱讀理解(二)

專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六)科普知識型閱讀理解(二)(限時(shí)：25分鐘)(一)The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake­prone(有地震傾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地?zé)岬? technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1What would be the best title for the text?AAlternative energies in JapanBThe world's largest geothermal plantCJapan takes the lead in geothermal technologyDJapan thinks of geothermal energy2What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?AAbout 8%. BBelow 1%.CAround 30%. DOver 80%.3According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs _Aa change of rulesBfinancial supportClocal people's helpDhigh technology4It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _Athe world's biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaBJapan will not export its geothermal technologyCthe potential of Japan's geothermal energy is greatDit is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan(二)Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders. Long­lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals.The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Centre. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetesthat can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks，“a sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed，” Bedrosian says.In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of “behavioural despair”，10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light­dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioural symptoms by injecting (注射)the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinnings (分子結(jié)構(gòu))as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behaviour”1After being exposed to continuous nighttime light，the mice _Achanged their preferencesBescaped from the water more eagerlyCremained active as beforeDshowed less interest in their favourites2What does the underlined word “quash” in Para. 4 probably mean?AStudy.BPredict.CEase.DCause.3We can learn from the last paragraph that _Alight at night may have practical valueBthe biological clock is beneficial to humansChuman mood disorders cannot be healed easilyDhuman studies are more important than animal studies4What is the main idea of the passage?ANighttime light may foster depression.BA drug has been found to cure mood disorders.CThe study on animals can be applied to humans.DHuman biological clock can be controlled by light.(三)Housed in Milan, one of Europe's dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通風(fēng)) and air­conditioning system to protect the painting from Milan's polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two air­quality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It's a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci's painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光澤) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.The researchers noted that their air­sample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AThe smallest parts of a chemical substance.BThings dirtier than usual.CCertain types of gas.DExtremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT _Afatty lipids from the skinBtiny particles of the waxCbreath of the visitorsDdust in the air3According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their air­sample analysis?A. The air­sample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.BThe air­sample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.CThe air­sample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.DThe air­sample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci's painting were decreased successfully.4What can be the best title of the text?AHow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelyBThe famous painting da Vinci's The Last SupperCKeeping air pollution from damaging da Vinci's The Last SupperDHow to protect artwork in households專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六)(一)【要點(diǎn)綜述】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?。因?yàn)槿毡臼堑卣鸲喟l(fā)國家，國家地?zé)崮芊浅ＸS富，所以地?zé)崮軐⑹侨毡镜男滦吞娲茉础?D主旨大意題。文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮埽瑖@地?zé)崮艿脑掝}展開。故選D項(xiàng)。2B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.”可知，日本地?zé)崮懿坏?%，主要依賴于化石燃料和原子能。故選B項(xiàng)。3A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第四段“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.”可知，要開發(fā)地?zé)崮苄枰獙F(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行改變，故選A項(xiàng)。4C推理判斷題。從最后兩段可知，日本在地?zé)崮芊矫嬗兄薮蟮臐摿?，故選C項(xiàng)。(二)【要點(diǎn)綜述】光照療法可以治療抑郁癥，但是，新的研究表明長期暴露于夜晚的燈光也可帶來抑郁癥，這項(xiàng)研究至少在動物身上得到了驗(yàn)證。1D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness，those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks”可知，那些在夜晚持續(xù)接受暗淡燈光的老鼠失去了對于甜飲料的濃厚喜好，即沒有那么喜歡甜飲料了，故選D項(xiàng)。2C詞義猜測題。通過原文quash前面also可以斷定，quash的意思等于前面一句話的意思，即癥狀消失了，故選ease“緩解，減輕”。3A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句可知，燈光可以影響生物鐘，生物鐘的改變可以影響行為，故選擇A項(xiàng)。4A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章首段“Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun.But too much light at other time may actually cause such mood disorders.”可知，本文主要討論nighttime light與mood disorder或depression的關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。(三)【要點(diǎn)綜述】保存在意大利米蘭市一家教堂的達(dá)·芬奇名畫最后的晚餐受到空氣污染的影響。雖采取了措施使教堂空氣質(zhì)量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隱患。1D詞義猜測題。綜合分析文章及該詞所在句子，可推知該詞意為“顆粒(污染)物”。2C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章信息可知，對名畫最后的晚餐帶來污染的因素主要有參觀者皮膚上的油脂、修復(fù)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的蠟顆粒及空氣中的灰塵等。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一、二段可知，雖然教堂室內(nèi)環(huán)境大為改善，但這幅偉大的畫作仍受到各種污染物的威脅。4C主旨大意題。綜合分析文章可知，本文主要介紹如何保護(hù)達(dá)·芬奇的名畫最后的晚餐免受污染物的影響，故C項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題最佳。