（湖南專(zhuān)用）（新課標(biāo)）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)方案 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)26 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解2

專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六)科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解(二)(限時(shí)：25分鐘)(一)Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk. Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it's not surprising that she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.” Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000， so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decisionthere wasn't time to do anything else.” And what about the future? “I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of Driving to work just yet. 1. Hazel's claim that “Driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that _. A. people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the past B. Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself in C. there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel lives D. Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces 2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes? A. When she was visiting Italy. B. When she was at school. C. When she was twenty. D. When she saw Vesuvius. 3. The underlined word “These” (Paragraph 3) refers to _. A. melting ice­caps B. volcanic eruptions C. changes in sea level D. higher temperatures 4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna she had to _. A. take a dangerous route B. take an unnecessary risk C. leave her boots behind D. walk for ten hours around the mountain 5In the future, Hazel wants to _. A. revisit volcanoes she knows B. go on holiday to the Antarctic C. find a less dangerous job D. discover new things about volcanoes(二)Europe's deadly outbreak of a rare form of Ecoli(大腸桿菌) bacteria has brought new attention to food safety issues. Ecoli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(腸) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of Ecoli are harmless but some can make people sick.One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick? Of course, one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This_is_easier_said_than_done,_but scientists keep looking for new ways.Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high­tech optical(光學(xué)的)scanner. The inspection system is fixed in the packing houses where produce is sorted for market. The system is designed to identify the produce polluted by soil or animal waste. The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research centre in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to test the polluted produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”The scanner uses a high­speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit. A spectrograph device can use the light to check an apple to show evidence of damage. Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be avail­able before long.MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.1. The passage mainly talks about _A. the danger of Ecoli bacteria to healthB. the way to avoid getting sick from foodC. a system to test the polluted produceD. the new attention to food safety issues2According to the passage, we know the new scanner _A. has already used in the supermarketB. is perfect to find out the polluted appleC. is still in test and need to improveD. can also damage the bacteria in the food3What can we learn from the passage?A. Most of the Ecoli is dangerous to the people's health.B. The damage in the fruit might cause it difficult to sell out.C. Now the system can take the pictures of each piece of fruit.D. The scanner is put on a moving belt while testing the produce.4. By saying “This is easier said than done” in Paragraph 2, the writer wants to _A. show the difficulty in finding the bad bacteria from the food supplyB. show the scientists' hardship in finding a new way to heal the diseaseC. express his/her anger to the businessmen from selling the polluted foodD. express his/her worry about the dangerous issue in today's food safety5This passage can be classified as _A. an advertisement B. a book reviewC. a feature story D. a news report(三)Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pal's number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer? This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合) with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result are electronic garments.If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire­free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high­tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine­volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. “These clothes are 100 percent shock proof，” they say.The Electrotextiles team has also created the world's first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These “l(fā)ap­tap” gadgets(小器具) are all set to take over laptop computers!Another useful garment is the shirt­cum­mobile phone. This_handy_invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear include the denim(牛仔布) jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(風(fēng)帽) and the electronic ski jacket with a built­in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new projecta necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?1. The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that _A. they feel smooth and soft B. they use electricity as powerC. they can be washed in water D. they are made from flexible materials2. How will researchers improve these high­tech clothes?A. Body heat will be used as power. B. The wearer will not get shocked.C. A tiny nine­volt battery will work. D. They will get charged automatically.3. What does the underlined phrase “This handy invention” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The laptop computer. B. The electronic ski jacket.C. The shirt­cum­mobile phone. D. The world's first cloth keyboard.4. If you are going on a ski adventure, which device do you need?A. The cloth keyboard. B. The electronic ski jacket.C. The necktie to be used as a mouse. D. The denim jacket with earphones.5The main purpose of the text is _A. to advertise for an English company B. to predict the future trend of scienceC. to show how rapidly science develops D. to introduce some intelligent clothing專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十六)(一)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要介紹了火山學(xué)家Hazel Rymer對(duì)火山的一些研究行動(dòng)。1D 推理判斷題。由此句話(huà)的前一句“But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is.”以及此句話(huà)可知，Hazel Rymer說(shuō)開(kāi)車(chē)上班比對(duì)火山進(jìn)行研究更危險(xiǎn)可以得知，她是謙虛的，并且淡化其面臨的危險(xiǎn)。2B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“Her interest in volcanoes began at school.”可知她在讀書(shū)時(shí)就對(duì)火山感興趣。3C 代詞指代題。由畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞的前一句話(huà)“There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps.”可知，是海水高度的變化導(dǎo)致休眠火山的爆發(fā)，故C正確。4A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后幾句“I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream.I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000， so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decisionthere wasn't time to do anything else.”可知，她選擇了從熔巖流中走過(guò)，這是一條更危險(xiǎn)的路。5D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的內(nèi)容“I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang”可知，Hazel將繼續(xù)對(duì)火山進(jìn)行研究，并發(fā)現(xiàn)一些新的東西。(二)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要介紹了美國(guó)科學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)了一種使用高科技光學(xué)掃描儀的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。1C 主旨大意題。由本文的內(nèi)容以及其主題句，即第三段第一句“Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high­tech optical(光學(xué)的)scanner.”可知，本文主要介紹了一種用來(lái)檢測(cè)被污染的產(chǎn)品的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，故選C項(xiàng)。2C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段“Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.”以及本文最后一句“The inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.”可知這一掃描儀還在試驗(yàn)當(dāng)中且需要改進(jìn)，故選C項(xiàng)。3B 推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.”可知水果損害之后更難吸引購(gòu)物者，也就會(huì)導(dǎo)致其很難賣(mài)出。4A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前一句“one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply.”可知，要從食物的來(lái)源里找到有害的病菌是有困難的。5D 推理判斷題。由文章中把MOON KIM說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容直接引入的形式來(lái)看，本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報(bào)道。(三)【要點(diǎn)綜述】 衣服能用來(lái)打電話(huà)、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、取暖和操作電腦嗎？這已經(jīng)不再是幻想了，英國(guó)公司Electrotextiles就已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出幾款這樣的高科技電子服飾呢！1B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Like any electronic device, these high­tech clothes have to be powered.”可知，電子服裝與其他電子設(shè)備的相同點(diǎn)在于它們都使用電力作動(dòng)力，故選B項(xiàng)。2A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat.”可知，研究者將用體熱給電子服裝發(fā)電，故選A項(xiàng)。3C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“Another useful garment is the shirt­cum­mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel！”兩句之間的關(guān)系可判斷選C項(xiàng)。4B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.”可推斷這種滑雪衫適合滑雪探險(xiǎn)時(shí)用，故選B項(xiàng)。5D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，本文旨在介紹英國(guó)公司Electrotextiles所開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的高科技電子服飾，故選D項(xiàng)。