備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò)專(zhuān)題22 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（含解析）

考點(diǎn)22 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句高考頻度：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因(一般為reason)的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可用介詞which結(jié)構(gòu)替換。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我還記得我第一次來(lái)北京的那天。2.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?這是他在會(huì)議上解釋的無(wú)禮的原因嗎？3.當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如果不作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒體經(jīng)常能夠幫助解決問(wèn)題，把注意力吸引到需要幫助的情況。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是及物動(dòng)詞，后面若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若是不及物動(dòng)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分把關(guān)系詞放進(jìn)定語(yǔ)從句中，若作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系副詞。1.（2016天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【參考答案】D【試題解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是next week，定語(yǔ)從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選D。【易錯(cuò)提醒】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，用when引導(dǎo)；若關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你還記得我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起度過(guò)的那些日子嗎？（that或which作spent的賓語(yǔ)）2.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【參考答案】B【易錯(cuò)提醒】1. 當(dāng)先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如：This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.這是我爺爺在40年前建造的房子。（定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以要用which/that，而不用where）2. 當(dāng)position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，若定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子們放在一個(gè)能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環(huán)境中對(duì)他們很有幫助。3. 關(guān)系副詞why指原因，代替先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞一般是reason。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 這是他拒絕我們幫助的理由嗎？3. Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 【參考答案】C【易錯(cuò)提醒】若代替先行詞reason的關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則用that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我堅(jiān)決不聽(tīng)你給我們的那個(gè)理由。（定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用which/that，而不用why）題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. Do you remember the scene _ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.3. I will never forget the days _ I was taken good care of in that village.4. Do you know the reason John is so angry?5. None of us know the reason _ Tom was absent from the meeting.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting for his absence didnt make sense.7. I still remember the night _ she left the house.8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all.10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.題組二能力提升1.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which2.Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. whenB. whereC. whyD. that 3.The latest trend is the A4 waist challenge women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部).A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as4. The exact year_ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. When B. where C. why D. which5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position she didnt know which side she should support. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. when6. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only $15.A. as B. which C. where D. that7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.A. that B. where C. which D. whose8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.(2015北京)Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.A. which B. that C. when D. where2.(2015陜西) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when3. (2014浙江)I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. whereC. whichD. why4. (2015天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. where2. where3. when 4. why5. why6. that/which7. when8. when9. where10. when題組二能力提升1.B 【解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：用家犬做試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)中一只給了食物，而另一只沒(méi)有，這表明了它們有一種分享食物的公平感。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞是Experiments，where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。4. D 【解析】句意：Angela和家人一起在中國(guó)度過(guò)的那年是2008年。這句話使用了定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the exact year，定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞spent是及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不能用關(guān)系副詞。所以選D。5. A 【解析】先行詞是an embarrassing position，所填詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where引導(dǎo)。6. C【解析】答句前句句意為：你應(yīng)該去我去的那家理發(fā)店嘗試一下。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，并替代先行詞the barbers(理發(fā)店)。其余選項(xiàng)不能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Zx&xk7. B【解析】句意：斯蒂芬霍金認(rèn)為，地球不大可能是有生命逐漸進(jìn)化的唯一星球。先行詞是planet，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where在此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。A、C和D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。8. A【解析】where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。題組三 體驗(yàn)真題2.D 【解析】句意：作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是渴望他能夠有獨(dú)立的時(shí)間。這里使用定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the time，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when，所以選D。3.A 【解析】這里先行詞是the fifth grade，指的是時(shí)間；后面是when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我沒(méi)有成為一個(gè)認(rèn)真的攀登者，直到我上五年級(jí)的時(shí)候，那時(shí)我爬上去拿一個(gè)被掛在樹(shù)上的風(fēng)箏。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the fifth grade，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故選A。4. A 【解析】句意：公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，其員工喜歡他們的工作。句中先行詞為atmosphere，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。根據(jù)句意可知選A。 7