虛擬語氣ppt

單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣,(subjunctive mood),表示所說的話只是一種主觀的愿望,假想和建議等,.,1.,虛擬語氣的形式,2.,虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用,3.,虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用,4.,小練習,if,條件句的虛擬語氣,if,的非真實條件從句對現(xiàn)在,過去,將來的事實進行虛擬時,主句和,if,從句的謂語動詞形式如下,:,1.,與,現(xiàn)在事實相反時,其表現(xiàn)形式為,:,if+,主語,+v-ed,主語,+would(,或,might,could,should)+v.,Eg:If we,left,now,we,should arrive,on time.,If I,were,you,I,would refuse,the money.,虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用,2.,與將來事實相反時,其表現(xiàn)形式為,:if,主語,+should(,或,were to)+v.,主語,+Would(,或,might,could,should)+v.,Eg:If you should,drop,the glass,it,would break,.,If you should,leave,there for a while,you,d change,your mind about that place.,與過去事實相反時,其表現(xiàn)形式為,:if,主語,+had v-ed,主語,+would(,或,Might,could,should)+have v-ed.,Eg:We,would have visited,you,if we,had had,time.,I,wouldnt have known,that thing if I,hadnt been told,.,錯綜時間句的虛擬語氣,當條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表示的,時間不一致,時,虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)當做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,.,如,:,If I,had spoken,to him yesterday,I,should know,what to do now.,You,would be,much better now if you,had taken,my advice.,If father,hadnt sent,me,I,shouldnt be,here.,含蓄條件的虛擬語氣,假設(shè)的情況有時不是用一個條件句來表示，而是隱含在上下文中。,表示暗含條件的方式有：,1.介詞或介詞短語，如：without,but for,but that等。,Eg:,But for,your cooperation,we could not have succeeded in our experiment.,2.連詞，如：but,or,or else 等。,Eg:I would be most glad to help you,but,Im busy now.,3.,副詞,如：,otherwise,等。,Eg:We didnt know his telephone number;,otherwise,we would have telephoned him.,4.,比較等級。,Eg:(1)A,more,careful person wouldnt have made so many mistakes.,(2)Given,more,time,I would have been able to finish the experiment.,5.,在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。,Eg:You,wouldnt know,.,I,would like,to come.,I,would not have dreamed,of it.,if,的省略,(1),在正式文體中，當,if,條件句中含有助動詞,had,should,或,were,時，可以省略,if,而將,had,should,或,were,提到句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝虛擬句。,Eg:,Had,such disaster occurred,the damage would have been incalculable.,Were,he to tell us everything,we would try to solve this problem.,(,2),如果,if,條件句是含,not,的否定句，省略,if,時,not,不能與助動詞,had,should,或,were,同時提前。,Eg:,Had,it not been for their assistance,we couldnt have finished the task ahead of time.,(3)supposing,suppose,even if,也可引導虛擬條件句。,Eg:,Supposing,it were fine tomorrow,would you go swimming with us?,(4),有時,suppose,或,supposing,單獨引起一個句子，用于提出建議或假設(shè)。,Eg:,Suppose,we started tomorrow.,虛擬語氣在表示命令，請求，建議等從句中的應(yīng)用,虛擬語氣可用于表示命令，請求，建議，愿望，要求等名詞性從句中，從句謂語形式是“,should+,動詞原形”或“動詞原形”,（,1,）用于主語從句，其謂語用,should+,動詞原形（或,should+P.P.),或只用動詞原形。常用的形容詞和分詞有：,essential,imperative,advisable,necessary,important,desirable,urgent,preferable,natural,suggested,等。,Eg:It is,necessary,that you should be present at the discussion.,It was,suggested,that the electronic device be tested at once.,虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應(yīng)用,(2),用于賓語從句，一種是用做動詞,wish,的賓語的從句，表示愿望，常省去連詞,that,。這種從句的謂語動詞可用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；亦可用過去完成式，表示與過去事實相反。常用的動詞有：,advise,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,direct,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge,，,move,（提議）等。,Eg:The lawyer,asked,that the case should be postponed for one month.,The detective,insisted,that he should have a look.,insist,意為“堅持某種動作”才用虛擬語氣；意為“堅持某種觀點”則不用虛擬語氣。,eg,：,He insists he is a student.,他堅持說他是個學生。,這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。,suggest,意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。,eg,：,His face suggests that he looks worried.,他的表情暗含著他很擔心。,這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。,(3),表語從句或同位語從句,advice,command,demand,desire,idea,motion,order,plan,等名詞作主語的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞用,should be,型或,be,型虛擬式。,Eg:The doctors advice is that the patient,should be kept,quiet.,He rejected my advice that he,should meet,my son.,在,as if,引導的表示虛擬的表語從句中，謂語動詞用,were,型虛擬式表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，用,had been,型虛擬式表示對過去情況的假設(shè)。,Eg:You look as if you,had,a toothache.,.,如果說話人所表示的不是假設(shè)的情況，而是一種可能的事實，,as if,引導的表語從句中的謂語動詞使用陳述語氣。,Eg:It looks as if it,is going to rain,.,在主句的謂語動詞為過去時的情況下，往往無法從語法形式上辨別表語從句的謂語動詞是虛擬還是陳述語氣，因為此時兩者的形式是相同的。,Eg:She looked as if she,had had,some bad news,虛擬語氣在,wish,后從句中的應(yīng)用,動詞,wish,后所跟的賓語從句表示實現(xiàn)可能性極小或與事實相反的情況,從句用虛擬語氣,.,(1),表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的愿望時,句式為,:,主語,+wish+(that)+,賓語從句,(,謂語動詞用一般過去時,),Eg:I wish I,were,a bird.,I wish I,could change,my job.,(2),表示與過去情況相反的愿望時,句式為,:,主語,+wish+(that),賓語從句,(,謂語動詞用過去完成時,/could+,現(xiàn)在完成時,),Eg:I wish that he,had not made,so much fuss about it.,(3),表示對將來發(fā)生的事情表示希望,祝愿等時,句式為,:,主語,+wish+,賓語從句,(,謂語動詞用,would/could/might+,動詞原形,),Eg:I wish I,could see,you later.,I wish he,might try,again.,虛擬語氣在,if only,感嘆句中的應(yīng)用,If only,后面的句子用虛擬語氣,表示,“,但愿,”,“,要是,就好了,”,其,用法基本與,wish,相同,.,Eg:If only he,had followed,your advice.,If only she,would come,.,If only it didnt rain today,because well,have a sports meeting.,虛擬語氣在“,Its+about/high time+,從句”中的應(yīng)用,在,Its about/high time+,從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句用一般過去時的虛擬語氣,.,Eg:“You are very selfish.Its high time that you,realized,that you are not the most important person in the world.”Edger said to his boss angrily.,It is about time that we,went to,school.,虛擬語氣在,in case,lest,或,for fear that,等從句中的用法,in case,lest,或,for fear that,引起的從句常用虛擬語氣,表示,“,以防,以免,”,形式為,should+,動詞原形,should,通常不能省略,.,Eg:He took his raincoat with him in case it,should rain,.,The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it,should go,wrong on the way.,虛擬語氣在形容詞短語的,that,賓語從句中的應(yīng)用,主語,+be+adj.+that+,主語,+should+,動詞原形,主語,+be+adj.+that+,主語,+sh