奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Quality forage feeding is foundation of dairy business,Good forage feeding is basis to good nutrition,Consider your investment,cow is 15-35,000 RMB,Why would you not want to feed her properly to get the best return?,If you cant afford to operate a Mercedes,why buy such an expensive car?,用優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料飼養(yǎng)奶牛是乳品業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),用優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料飼喂是奶牛獲取營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ),買一頭奶牛的投資為,15,000-35,000,元,你為什么不采用合理的方式飼養(yǎng)奶牛以獲取最高的回報？,如果你承擔(dān)不起養(yǎng)奔馳車的費用為什么還買這么昂貴的車呢,？,Baz Fritz,Sustainable Agricultural Development II,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Once you commit to the industry by the purchase of a cow,her pay back depends on feed/care for her.,If you are going to feed a poor and inadequate diet,top genetics not profitable,With a Mercedes you get an operators manual,we should get one with a dairy cow purchase,”how to operate”,一旦你買奶牛,它的回報,將,由飼,養(yǎng),方式來決定,如果用劣質(zhì)飼料來飼,養(yǎng),奶牛,且飼喂量也不足,再優(yōu)良的奶牛也無法取得好的效益,像買奔馳車時隨,贈,操作說明一樣,我們買奶牛時也應(yīng),提供,“,飼養(yǎng)奶牛手冊,”,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Dairy cow is a ruminant!An animal that chews its cud,has 4 stomach compartments,Pigs and man have one compartment,Other 3 compartments assist in digestion of fiber.,This difference allows ruminants to use feed no other animals can,Capacity of stomach is like 200 kg barrel with bacteria and protozoa,奶牛是反芻動物,其 胃由,4,個胃室組成,并且與其它反芻動物一樣進行反芻活動,人和豬是單胃動物,瘤胃,網(wǎng)胃,瓣胃,3,個胃室消化纖維,反芻動物這種獨特的胃結(jié)構(gòu)幫助它們消化非反芻動物難以消化的食物,反芻動物的胃就如一個,200kg,的包含細菌和原生動物的大桶,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Concept of Fiber:,Minimum amount of fiber needed to keep stomach working efficiently,Has been referred to as the scratch factor,Woody portion of a feed,relatively indigestible,Some fiber required,excess can impact the system,low production,(19-21%ADF),The reason and animal chews its cud,纖維的概念,:,反芻家畜需要一個最低纖維量來維持正常的瘤胃活動,.,纖維通常被認為是飼料中最粗糟的因素,是飼料中不易被消化的木質(zhì)部分,對纖維物質(zhì)的需求量較少,過多會對影響家畜消化，并導(dǎo)致減產(chǎn),纖維是家畜反芻的原因,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Same stomach as other ruminants but much more production,Dairy cow is a fine,well bred milking machine,Therefore need quality forage to produce maintenance plus milk what the Holstein cow bred for.,This doesnt mean cow can produce miracles by feeding straw,即使奶牛胃結(jié)構(gòu)與其它反芻動物相,同,但其,生產(chǎn)力,遠高于它們,奶牛就像是一臺性能良好的產(chǎn)奶機,正如飼養(yǎng),荷斯坦奶牛一樣,奶牛需要優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料來維持生命和產(chǎn)奶,用玉米秸稈飼,養(yǎng)的,奶牛,不可能創(chuàng)造出牛奶,高產(chǎn),的,奇跡,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Pig,豬,Cow,牛,4,4,2,1,3,*,*,*,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,High quality forage implies,low fiber,high protein,high minerals and vitamins,Minimum amounts of fiber keeps gut and digestive system functioning well,Straw as only forage and concentrate results in low fiber as cow consumes little straw and excess grain.,優(yōu)質(zhì)飼料是指含有低纖維,高蛋白,高礦物質(zhì)和維生素的飼料,奶牛需要一個最低纖維量保證內(nèi)臟和消化系統(tǒng)的正常功能,用秸稈與精料的混合飼料飼喂奶牛時,由于喜食精料中的谷類而不食秸稈，最終使奶牛缺乏纖維物質(zhì),奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Feeds divided into 2 main categories:,1),Roughages,2)Concentrates,Roughages:make up about 40-60%of diet,Roughage or forages are usually relatively high fiber,Can be legumes or grasses,Can be pasture or hay,Can be silage,飼料可分為,2,大類,:,1),粗料,2),精料,粗料,:,占奶牛日糧的,40-60%,粗料和牧草中纖維含量較高,粗料可以是豆科或禾本科植物,粗料可以是草地牧草或干草,粗料可以是青儲飼料,奶牛飼養(yǎng)導(dǎo)論,Introduction to Dairy Feeding,Concentrate,All other feeds,including grain,protein supplement and vitamin,mineral premix,Tend to be low in fiber,high in energy and/or protein,minerals and vitamins,Include corn grain,rapeseed cake,soy meal,18%dairy ration.,精料,是指除上述粗料外的其它飼料，包括谷類,蛋白質(zhì)補充料,維生素和礦物質(zhì)預(yù)混料,精料中纖維含量低,能量,/,蛋白質(zhì)，礦物質(zhì)和維生素的含量高,包括玉米,菜籽餅,豆餅,18%,的奶牛精補料,飼料營養(yǎng)成分表,FEED COMPOSITION TABLE,On an as fed basis,干物質(zhì),Dry Matter,可消化營養(yǎng)總量,TDN,粗蛋白,CP,粗纖維,CF,鈣,Ca,磷,P,%,%,%,%,%,%,粗料,Roughages,干草,Hay,苜蓿開花前期,Alfalfa,pre-bloom,90,56,17.9,24,2.2,.3,苜蓿開花中期,Alfalfa,mid-bloom,89,50,14.2,29,1.2,.2,禾本科干草,Grass hays,88,55,9.2,29,.3,.2,青綠飼料,Green feed,88,54,8.1,27,.3,.2,混合干草,(,苜蓿,喬麥,),Mixed Hay(Alfalfa brome)*,88,52,12.5,27,1.0,.1,秸稈,Straw,90,43,4.0,37,.2,.1,青儲飼料,Silage,青儲玉米,(,抽穗的,)Corn Silage,well eared,35,25,2.8,8.4,.1,.1,飼料營養(yǎng)成分表,FEED COMPOSITION TABLE,On an as fed basis,干物質(zhì),Dry Matter,可消化營養(yǎng)總量,TDN,粗蛋白,CP,粗纖維,CF,鈣,Ca,磷,P,%,%,%,%,%,%,精料,Concentrates,谷物,Grain,玉米,Corn,89,80,8.9,1.8,.03,.3,燕麥,Oats,89,68,10.0,10.5,.03,.3,小麥,Wheat,89,78,12.7,2.7,.04,.4,蛋白質(zhì)添加劑,Protein Supplements,菜籽餅,Canola Meal,89,64,37.0,11.1,.7,1.2,豆餅,44%Soybean Meal,44%,89,72,44.1,6.2,.3,.7,葵花餅,Sunflower Meal,93,79,41.0,13.3,.4,1.0,45.3,36.3,27.2,18.1,9.0,0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,奶牛泌乳曲線,Dairy Cattle Lactation Curve,產(chǎn)奶天數(shù),Days in Milk Production,日產(chǎn)奶量,(kg)Daily Milk(kg),Adapted from Manitoba Dairy Manual,Daily Milk(kg),45.3,36.3,27.2,18.1,9.0,0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,標準泌乳曲線,Normal Lactation curve,日糧供應(yīng)不足時的泌乳曲線,Lactation curve where insufficient dairy ration supplied,產(chǎn)奶天數(shù),Days in Milk Production,奶牛泌乳曲線,Dairy Cow Lactation Curve,日產(chǎn)奶量,(kg)Daily Milk(kg),損失的奶量,Lost milk production,Adapted from Manitoba Dairy Manual,45.3,36.3,27.2,18.1,9.0,0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,奶牛泌乳曲線,Dairy Cow Lactation Curve,標準泌乳曲線,normal lactation curve,干奶方式不正確，以及飼喂劣質(zhì)飼料造成營養(yǎng)極度不良的奶牛泌乳曲