優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)中的物流活動

Click to edit Master Title Style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,MaterialMovementinaLeanManufacturingOperation,優(yōu)化,生,生產(chǎn),中,中的,物,物流,活,活動,TotalSystemsDevelopment,全體,系,系生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)提,高,高,JIT,生產(chǎn)(準(zhǔn),時,時,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)量,生,生產(chǎn)):,What is meant by theterm,“,“Just-In-Time”?,JIT,生產(chǎn)意,味,味著什,么,么?,Does it meanJIT Supply?,準(zhǔn)時,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)量供,應(yīng),應(yīng)?,Does it meanJIT Production?,準(zhǔn)時,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)量生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)?,So,whatisJust-In-Time?,那么,什,什么是,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)時準(zhǔn),量,量生產(chǎn)?,Theconceptofproducingthe necessaryunitsinthenecessary quantitiesatthe necessarytime is describedbytheshort-phrase“Just-In-Time,”,”.,JIT,生產(chǎn)是,:在必,需,需時間,內(nèi),內(nèi)生產(chǎn),必,必需數(shù),量,量的必,需,需部品,的,的概念.,Forexample.,Inbuildingshoes:Thenecessary subassembliesofthe proceedingprocess(uppers andbottoms)shouldarrive at theassemblyline at thetime neededintheamountsneeded.,舉例說,明,明:,在生產(chǎn),成,成品鞋,的,的時候:制鞋,所,所必需,的,的部件(鞋幫,和,和鞋底)要準(zhǔn),時,時,準(zhǔn),量,量,準(zhǔn),型,型號地,到,到達(dá)制,造,造車間.,Ifweachieve JIT:,如果我,們,們做到,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)時,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)量生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn):,Unnecessaryinventorieswill be eliminated.,不必要,的,的庫存,就,就會消,除,除,Storesand warehouseswillnotbeneeded.,儲存區(qū),和,和倉庫,也,也可以,取,取消,Materialcarryingcos,ts,will be diminished.,資材搬,運(yùn),運(yùn)成本,降,降低,However.,Torely solelyona centralplanningapproachthatins,tru,ctsthe productionschedules to allprocessessimultaneouslyisnot likelytoresultinaJITprocessforall operations.,但是,：單,純,純地,依,依賴,計,計劃,生,生產(chǎn),的,的方,法,法,使,使所,有,有工,序,序同,步,步生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)，,并,并不,能,能完,全,全實(shí),現(xiàn),現(xiàn)所,有,有環(huán),節(jié),節(jié)的,準(zhǔn),準(zhǔn)時,，,，準(zhǔn),量,量生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn).,Transfer,Washer,Assembly,Machining,加工,Welding,焊接,Assembly,組裝,Shipping,裝船,WeeklySchedule,每周,生,生產(chǎn),計,計劃,Typically,onecontroloperationreceivesthecustomersordersanddisseminatesschedules.,通常,，,，生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)控,制,制部,門,門接,受,受客,戶,戶定,單,單，,然,然后,制,制訂,并,并傳,達(dá),達(dá)計,劃,劃.,ProductionControl,生產(chǎn),控,控制,Transfer,Washer,Assembly,Machining,加工,Welding,焊接,Assembly,組裝,Shipping,裝船,WeeklySchedule,每周,生,生產(chǎn),計,計劃,ProductionControl,生產(chǎn),控,控制,I,I,I,I,I,I,Theproblemcomeswhenachangeismadeeitherbecausetheorderchangesorequipmentbreaksdown.,但是,當(dāng),當(dāng)定,單,單有,變,變化,或,或設(shè),備,備出,現(xiàn),現(xiàn)問,題,題的,時,時候,，,，就,會,會發(fā),生,生一,些,些問,題,題：,庫存,庫存,庫存,庫存,Theresultisexcessinventory,結(jié)果,是,是導(dǎo),致,致過,多,多的,庫,庫存,withintheplantasWork-In-Process,在本,車,車間,工,工序,內(nèi),內(nèi)積,壓,壓過,多,多的,庫,庫存,suppliers sending in partsthatarenotneeded,上一道,工,工序發(fā)來,的,的并不需,要,要的部件,Additionally,另外,We needextra floorspace tostore the material.,我們需要,額,額外的空,間,間來堆放,材,材料,Needexpeditorsto satisfy the changes in schedule.,需要人力,和,和時間投,入,入來改變,生,生產(chǎn)計劃,Runovertimetomakeupparts that we now need.,用加班時,間,間來生產(chǎn),現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在所需,部,部件,Toyota rethoughthowtocommunicateschedules.,豐田公司,對,對調(diào)整生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)計劃做,了,了改進(jìn):,Toyota discovered adifferent way tomanagetheir schedule,豐田使用,不,不同的方,法,法來制訂,調(diào),調(diào)整生產(chǎn),計,計劃,Theystoppedtryingto guesswhat the customer willwant.,他們并不,去,去猜想客,戶,戶的需求,Instead,相反.,Eachdepartmenthadinstalled asmall inventoryof eachproduct.,每個車間,都,都保持少,量,量的庫存,Downstream processescome tothesupplying departments and takewhatitneeds.,下一道工,序,序到上一,道,道工序去,取,取他們所,需,需部件,Thisallowstheprocesses upstream to simplyreplacewhat was taken.,這樣,上,一,一工序只,要,要補(bǔ)充被,取,取走的部,件,件即可.,TheToyota Production SystemTPS,豐田體系,.,Is likely tobethemoststudiedanddiscussed operations program intheworld.,是極可能,被,被全世界,研,研究和討,論,論的體系,Numerousbooks and papers have beenwrittenabout TPS.,出版了很,多,多關(guān)于,TPS,的書籍和,其,其它資料,Manyhave come to characterize TPS as“l(fā)eanproduction”or NOS.,許,多,多,人,人,認(rèn),認(rèn),為,為,豐,豐,田,田,體,體,系,系(,TPS),實(shí),際,際,上,上,就,就,代,代,表,表,優(yōu),優(yōu),化,化,生,生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn),或,或,NOS,LeanManufacturing(NOS),NOS,優(yōu),化,化,生,生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn),Reg,a,rdlessofanyauthor,sop,i,nionorrational,allagreethatthefoundationofleanmanufac,t,uring(NOS)isthecontinualpu,r,suittoeliminatewaste.,盡,管,管,大,大,家,家,的,的,觀,觀,點(diǎn),點(diǎn),有,有,些,些,不,不,一,一,樣,樣,但,但,所,所,有,有,人,人,都,都,認(rèn),認(rèn),為,為,NOS,的,基,基,礎(chǔ),礎(chǔ),是,是,持,持,續(xù),續(xù),不,不,斷,斷,地,地,減,減,少,少,浪,浪,費(fèi),費(fèi),W,asteisdefinedasan,y,thingthat,c,onsumesresourcesortime,but,d,oesnotaddvaluetothepr,o,d,u,ct.,浪,費(fèi),費(fèi),是,是,任,任,何,何,耗,耗,費(fèi),費(fèi),資,資,源,源,或,或,時,時,間,間,但,但,不,不,增,增,加,加,產(chǎn),產(chǎn),品,品,價,價,值,值,的,的,活,活,動,動,ExcessInve,n,toryisWaste,多,余,余,的,的,庫,庫,存,存,是,是,一,一,種,種,浪,浪,費(fèi),費(fèi),Excessinventoryhidesproblems,多,余,余,的,的,庫,庫,存,存,會,會,隱,隱,藏,藏,一,一,些,些,問,問,題,題,Sea of Inventory,大量庫存,Raw Material,原資材,Finished Goods,成品,Long,Transportation,過長運(yùn)輸時間,Vendor,Delivery,供應(yīng)商運(yùn)送,Abse,nteeism,缺勤,Commun-,ication,Problem,PoorScheduling,計,劃,劃,不,不,力,力,Machine,Breakdown,設(shè),備,備,停,停,機(jī),機(jī),Quality,Problems,質(zhì),量,量,問,問,題,題,Lin,e,Imba,l,ance,線,內(nèi),內(nèi),不,不,平,平,衡,衡,Lo,ngSet-,UpTime,過,長,長,調(diào),調(diào),整,整,時,時,間,間,LackofHouse-,Keeping,倉,儲,儲,管,管,理,理,問,問,題,題,溝,通,通,問,問,題,題,OurgoalformaterialsmanagementinNOSNOS,資,材,材,管,管,理,理,的,的,目,目,標(biāo),標(biāo),Theidealstateisasmoothflowofmaterialsthroughoutourownfactory,理,想,想,的,的,狀,狀,態(tài),態(tài),是,是,物,物,料,料,在,在,整,整,個,個,工,工,廠,廠,內(nèi),內(nèi),順,順,暢,暢,的,的,流,流,動,動.,Wewanttotietogetherpr,o,cessesthatareseparatedbylargephysicaldistances.,使那,些,些有,一,一定,距,距離,而,而相,對,對分,離,離的,生,生產(chǎn),流,流程,緊,緊密,結(jié),結(jié)合,起,起來,Weneedtoimprovecommunicationinregardstomaterialmovement.,在物,流,流方,面,面要,加,加強(qiáng),各,各工,序,序間,的,的溝,通,通,ThePushSystem,”,推動,“,“生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)體,系,系,Intraditionalmanufacturing,variousproductionschedulesarereleasedtoallprocesses;componentmakingandassembly.,在傳,統(tǒng),統(tǒng)的,生,生產(chǎn),中,中,各,各種,生,生產(chǎn),計,計劃,被,被傳,達(dá),達(dá)到,各,各個,工,工序,部,件,件生,產(chǎn),產(chǎn)和,組,組裝,部,部門.,ThePushSystem(cont.)”,推動,“,“,Thesepart-makingprocessesproducethepartsinaccordancetotheirsch,ed,ulesandtransportthepartstothenextp