2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題（2）學(xué)案 外研版必修4.doc

2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題（2）學(xué)案 外研版必修4 動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞(1)表示人或事物特征和狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞，如smell，live，look，sound，feel，seem，appear等。The actor looked his part.那個(gè)演員看上去就像他演的角色。He appears a normal person.他看來是一個(gè)正常人。 (2)表示狀態(tài)的變化，如go，grow，run，turn，bee，wash，get，turn out，e等。 His dream has e true.他的夢(mèng)想成真了。 The river went dry.河流干涸了。 (3)表示某種狀態(tài)的持續(xù)或延續(xù)，如rest，stand，lie，keep，stay，continue，hold等。 He stayed young.他依然年輕。 He told me to keep calm under all circumstances. 他告訴我在任何情況下都要保持鎮(zhèn)靜。 一些常用行為動(dòng)詞的用法比較 (1)lay和lie原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞意思用法lielaylainlying躺，位于不及物動(dòng)詞lieliedliedlying說謊不及物動(dòng)詞laylaidlaidlaying放置，產(chǎn)卵及物動(dòng)詞 He lied to me that he had finished his work. 他向我撒謊他已完成工作。 She laid her baby on the bed.她把嬰兒放置在床上。 (2)arise，rise和raise原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞意思用法arisearosearisenarising出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，興起不及物動(dòng)詞riseroserisenrising上升，起身不及物動(dòng)詞raiseraisedraisedraising舉起，提高，喚起，飼養(yǎng)及物動(dòng)詞 The sun having set down，a mist arose.太陽落山后起了霧。 The river has risen by several metres.河水上漲了好幾米。 Its difficult raising a family on a small ine. 依靠微薄的收入是很難養(yǎng)家的。 (3)hang的用法原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞意思用法hanghunghunghanging吊，掛及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞hangedhangedhanging絞死及物動(dòng)詞 He hung his clothes on the wall. 他把衣服掛在墻上。 A towel hung from the rail.欄桿上搭著條毛巾。 The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged. 殺人犯被絞死了，為死者報(bào)了仇。 (4)sit，set和seat原形過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞意思用法sitsatsatsitting (使)坐不及物動(dòng)詞setsetsetsetting安放，調(diào)整，下沉及物/不及物動(dòng)詞seatseatedseatedseating使坐，容納及物動(dòng)詞 The old man often sat by the fire on winter evenings. 那位老人常在冬天的晚上坐在火爐旁。 The waiter is setting the table.服務(wù)員在擺餐具。 The hall can seat 3,000 audiences. 這個(gè)大廳可容納3 000名觀眾。 注意：seat后面可跟反身代詞，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The hostess had the chairs set before asking her guests to be seated.女主人把椅子放好，請(qǐng)客人們坐下。 動(dòng) 詞 短 語 1act act as 充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任act for代表，代理 act out表演 (指用行動(dòng)、動(dòng)作表達(dá)) 2add add in算入，包括 add to增加，加到 add up加起來，總計(jì) add up to總計(jì)共達(dá) 3agree agree on就達(dá)成共識(shí) agree to同意 (建議等) agree with同意；與一致，適合于 4break break away from脫離 break down壞掉；出故障；垮掉 break into闖入；破門而入 break up打碎； (物理)分解；分開；結(jié)束；制止 break out(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))爆發(fā) break through逾越，突破；沖破 break in破門而入 break off打斷；中斷 5bring bring about導(dǎo)致，引起 bring down降低；使倒下 bring back把帶回來；使憶起；使恢復(fù) bring forth結(jié)果，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生 bring forward提出；提前 bring on引起；使發(fā)展；提出 (論點(diǎn)等)供討論 bring out使顯出；使 (意義等)明白表示出來 bring up養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)；嘔吐；提出 6call call for需要；邀請(qǐng) call on/at號(hào)召；訪問 call in召集；召來 call up召喚，召集；打電話 call off取消 7carry carry off獲勝；成功做成 (困難之事) carry on繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持 carry out執(zhí)行 carry through幫助渡過難關(guān)；完成，實(shí)現(xiàn) carry back使記起 carry away失去理智 8e e about發(fā)生 e out結(jié)果是；出來；出版；開花 e across偶遇 e to共計(jì)，達(dá)到，蘇醒 e true變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí) e up走上前，被提出 e up with提出 e on(表示勸說、激勵(lì)、不耐煩等)來；快；得了 e along一起來 e into being形成；產(chǎn)生 e into power上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政 e to light為人所知 9cut cut down砍倒 cut in插嘴；突然插入 cut up切碎 cut off隔絕；切斷；中止 10die die of死于 (疾病，情感，年老等) die from死于 (尤指死于意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因) die away (風(fēng)、聲音)漸漸消失 die down (風(fēng)、雨等)逐漸平息 die off相繼死去 die out死光，滅絕 11get get about四處走動(dòng)；傳開 get across傳達(dá) get along(on)with進(jìn)展；相處 get away逃脫，設(shè)法離開 get down下來，記下 get in收割；到達(dá) get off出發(fā)；下班 get together聚會(huì) get through接通；通過 get down to開始認(rèn)真干 get over克服 12give give up放棄 give in屈服 give out用盡；分發(fā) give away泄露；贈(zèng)送；頒發(fā) give off發(fā)出 give back歸還；使恢復(fù) 13go go against違背；對(duì)不利 go ahead開始，進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行 go after/for追逐，追求 go without勉強(qiáng)維持；湊合 go in for愛好；參加；從事 go through通過；經(jīng)歷 go over復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)審查 go by過去；經(jīng)過 14hold hold back隱瞞；控制 (情感) hold out維持；抵抗；硬撐 hold up使耽擱 hold on堅(jiān)持；別掛 (電話) hold together團(tuán)結(jié)一致 hold on to保留，抓住不放 15keep keep away (from)使遠(yuǎn)離 keep back扣除；隱瞞不講 keep off避開；不理睬 keep on繼續(xù) keep out擋在外邊 keep up保持，不低落；持續(xù)；繼續(xù) keep up with跟上 16look look out當(dāng)心 look on旁觀 look up向上看；查閱；形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn) look down upon看不起 look forward to盼望 look through瀏覽；溫習(xí) look into調(diào)查；向內(nèi)看 look over檢閱；逐一檢查 17make make good/full use of.充分利用 make up編造；組成；構(gòu)成；補(bǔ)齊，湊足 make up for補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ) make out辨認(rèn)出 make sense有道理 (意義)，講得通 make fun of取笑 make up ones mind下定決心 18put put aside把放在一邊 put away把收好 put down撲滅，平息 put forward提出 put off延期；推諉 put out撲滅；生產(chǎn) put up 掛起，張貼；搭起；為某人提供食宿 put up with忍受，容忍 19set set off出發(fā)；引爆 引起；激發(fā) set out開始；動(dòng)身 set up建立 set about doing.著手，開始 set in開始，到來 set aside留出 set down下車；寫下；放下 20take take in吸引，欺騙 take for誤認(rèn)為 take up占據(jù)，從事，拿起 take off起飛；脫下；休假；走紅 take after像 take along隨身攜帶 take charge負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 take on呈現(xiàn)，雇用 take over接管；接任 take.for granted想當(dāng)然 take pride in 以為豪 take away帶走，拿走 take out拿出 21turn turn down拒絕，調(diào)低 turn in上交 turn out結(jié)果是；證明是 turn over移交，交給 turn up出現(xiàn)；調(diào)高 turn off關(guān)掉 turn on打開 turn away走開 turn to求助于；翻到 1(xx年天津卷)Dont worry if you dont understand everything.The teacher will_the main points at the end. Arecover Breview Crequire Dremember 【解析】句意為：如果你不全懂，別擔(dān)心。老師會(huì)在結(jié)束前回顧要點(diǎn)的。review回顧，再檢查，觀察，復(fù)習(xí)，檢閱 (軍隊(duì))，評(píng)審 (新書等)，寫評(píng)論，寫回憶錄，【律】復(fù)審；recover：return to a normal state of health，mind or strength恢復(fù)(健康，精神，體力)，找回，重獲 (丟失物)；require需要，有賴于，規(guī)定，要求；remember記得，想起，回憶。 【答案】B 2(xx年全國卷)Encourage your children to try new things，but try not to_them too hard. Adraw Bstrike Crush Dpush 【解析】句意為：鼓勵(lì)你的孩子去嘗試新的東西，但盡量不要弄得太難。本題考查的是動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。push推，擠，逼迫；draw畫，拖，取出；strike罷工，襲擊，打，折磨，發(fā)現(xiàn)，敲響；rush沖，倉促從事，突襲。 【答案】D 3. (xx年福建卷)We are at your service.Dont_to turn to us if you have any further problems. Abeg Bhesitate Cdesire Dseek 【解析】句意為：我們?cè)敢鉃槟阈?。如果你還有什么問題盡管找我們。beg祈求；desire：wish for(sth.)，want希望得到(某物)，想要；seek to do sth.try to do sth.努力做某事。hesitate to do意為：be reluctant to do不情愿做。又如：Dont hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.你有問題就直截了當(dāng)?shù)馗嬖V我們。 【答案】B 4. (xx年浙江卷)The good thing about children is that they_very easily to new environments. Aadapt Bappeal Cattach Dapply 【解析】句意為：作為孩子的好處是他們很容易適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adapt to為固定短語，意為“適應(yīng)”。 【答案】A 5. (xx年浙江卷)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only_ones strength，but also develop ones character. Abring up Btake up Cbuild up Dpull up 【解析】句意為：練中國功夫不僅可以增強(qiáng)體力，而且能夠培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人的性格。build up ones strength為固定短語，意為“增強(qiáng)某人的力量”。bring up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐；take up從事，占據(jù)；pull up阻止，拔起。 【答案】C 6(xx年安徽卷)Just as Professor Scotti often_it，success is ninetynine percent mental attitude. Agets Bmakes Cputs Dmeans 【解析】句意為：正如Scotti教授所說的，成功是百分之九十九的內(nèi)心的態(tài)度。as sb.puts it意為“正如某人所說的”。 【答案】C 7(xx年天津卷)Sorry，I have to_now.Its time for class. OK，Ill call back later. Ahang up Bbreak up Cgive up Dhold up 【解析】句意為：對(duì)不起，現(xiàn)在我得掛斷電話了。該上課了。好吧，等會(huì)兒我再打回去。hang up：end a telephone conversation by cutting the connection猛地掛斷，中止(與某人的)電話交談；break up：(of a gathering)disband，end(集會(huì))結(jié)束，解散；(of a couple in a relationship)part pany(戀愛或婚姻中的男女)分手；start laughing uncontrollably爆發(fā)大笑；give up放棄，認(rèn)輸，猜不出，交出，自首，泄露；hold up舉起，支持，支撐，攔住，耽擱，搶劫。 【答案】A 8(xx年安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all_. Agiven away Bkept away Ctaken up Dused up 【解析】句意為：我們想找一張七個(gè)人坐的桌子，但桌子全都有人了。give away出賣，贈(zèng)送；keep away遠(yuǎn)離；take up占據(jù)；use up用光。 【答案】C 9. (xx年山東卷)Do you have enough to_all your daily expenses? Oh yes，enough and to spare. Acover Bspend Cfill Doffer 【解析】句意為：你有足夠用以支付日常費(fèi)用的錢嗎？是的，足夠并且還有節(jié)余。cover (指錢)夠 (某事物)用。如：10 pounds will cover our petrol for the journey.10英鎊就足夠支付我們旅行的汽油費(fèi)。The firm barely covers(its)costs；it hasnt made a profit for years.該公司幾乎入不敷出，已經(jīng)多年沒有盈利了。spend花費(fèi)；fill填充；offer主動(dòng)提供。 【答案】A 10(xx年山東卷)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to_，so she left. Ashow off Bgo up Cfit in De over 【解析】句意為：艾米參加了繪畫小組，但好像不適應(yīng)，所以離開了。show off炫耀；go up上升，上漲，增長(zhǎng)；fit in融入 (群體)，相協(xié)調(diào)；e over過來。 【答案】C 1(xx屆南昌二中期中測(cè)試)She_her younger sister in appearance but not in character. Alooks Bpares Cequals Dresembles 【解析】句意為：她的長(zhǎng)相像她的妹妹，但是性格不同。resemble表示“相似，像”。如果選擇A項(xiàng)，需要在后面加上like。 【答案】D 2. (xx年濟(jì)南模擬)Last Sunday a few of us arranged to meet in town，but Jenny didnt_. Aturn up Bgive up Cmake up Dtake up 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。turn up意思是“出現(xiàn)；露面”，符合題意。句意為：上周日我們幾個(gè)約好了在鎮(zhèn)上見面，可是Jenny沒有露面。 【答案】A 3(xx屆湖北黃石二中月考)The little boy was so careless with his spelling that he often_letters from words. Aleft out Bleft behind Cleft off Dlet alone 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。leave out遺漏；leave behind留下，遺留；leave off停止，中斷；let alone更不用說。依據(jù)前面提及的careless可知，這里應(yīng)該是將單詞的字母遺漏了。 【答案】A 4(xx屆河北辛集中學(xué)調(diào)研考試)I think Jack will_a good monitor，so Id like to vote for him. Aturn Bchange Cmake Delect 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處make表示“成為”。假如選擇A項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該去掉句中的不定冠詞a。 【答案】C 5(xx屆河北正定中學(xué)月考)All my pockets have been_but I cant find my keys. Agot through Bgiven out Cgone through Dgone down 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：我找遍了所有的口袋，但是沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙。此處的go through表示“仔細(xì)檢查；搜查”。get through表示“通過；到達(dá)”，give out表示“分發(fā)”，go down表示“下降”，都不符合語意。 【答案】C 6(xx屆孝感高中期中測(cè)試)Teaching pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can_a teacher with many challenging problems. Aprovide Bproduce Cpresent Doffer 【解析】provide，present，offer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“供給(某物)”；present則表示“呈現(xiàn)(某種狀況)，使經(jīng)歷”；offer構(gòu)成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的結(jié)構(gòu)。 【答案】C 7(xx年長(zhǎng)春第一次調(diào)研)Is your husband good at cleaning up the room? Not very，but when it_cooking，he is much better than I am. Atalks about Brefers to Ces to Ddeals with 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。“When it es to.”是常用句式，意思是“當(dāng)談及某事的時(shí)候”。 【答案】C 8(xx年福建四地六校第三次聯(lián)考)Even if the treatment_，theres still no magic pill for patients in the late stage of AIDS. Adoes Buses Cworks Dhelps 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。work“起作用，生效”，符合語意：盡管治療起作用了，對(duì)于晚期的艾滋病患者來說還是沒有什么特效藥。 【答案】C 9(xx年濰坊檢測(cè))The government has agreed to pay the firms extra sums to_for their financial losses. Amake up Bbring up Cfill up Dlook up 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：政府已同意付給這些公司額外的款項(xiàng)來彌補(bǔ)他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。make up彌補(bǔ)；bring up撫養(yǎng)；fill up(使)充滿；look up查找。 【答案】A 10(xx年濰坊檢測(cè))Faced with a problem，you have to_it first，and then try to find a solution. Aresemble Bsubstitute Cconcentrate Danalyze 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：面對(duì)問題，你必須先分析，然后盡力找出解決辦法。resemble看起來像；substitute代替；concentrate集中(注意力)；analyze分析。 【答案】D 11(xx年皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)How much did the guy_you to fix your 3G mobile phone? I dont remember，but it was quite a lot. Acost Bspend Ccharge Dtake 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。charge在此作動(dòng)詞用，是“索價(jià)”的意思。charge sb.some money to do sth.為做某事向某人索價(jià)。 【答案】C 12(xx屆江西師大附中臨川一中聯(lián)考)No one could_the failure of the experiment as everything went smoothly at first. Agive an account for Baccount for Ctake account of Dtake into account 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。give an account for敘述，說明；account for解釋，說明的原因；take account of和take into account的意思均為“考慮到，顧及”。account for符合語意。 【答案】B 13(xx屆江西師大附中臨川一中聯(lián)考)If we take a plane，well of course have arrived in London by the next weekend. Dont be too sure.We should_the weather factor.What shall we do if it is foggy? Alook for Ballow for Cprepare for Duse for 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。look for尋找；allow for考慮到；prepare for為作準(zhǔn)備；use for用做。allow for符合語意。 【答案】B 14(xx年成都第一次診斷)By playing with the native boys and girls，one can_a lot of their language. Apick up Bset up Cbuild up Dput up 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。pick up(偶然)獲得，撿起，用車搭載人，染上(壞習(xí)慣)等。句意為：與本土的孩子們玩可以順便學(xué)會(huì)他們的語言。 【答案】A 15(xx年成都第一次診斷)We were supposed to move into our new classroom building at the beginning of this month，but things didnt_as planned. Awork out Bcarry out Cmove out Dget out 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。work out成功地發(fā)展，計(jì)算。根據(jù)語意“按說我們?cè)谶@個(gè)月初就會(huì)搬進(jìn)新教學(xué)樓，但事情并不像計(jì)劃的那樣順利”可知選A。 【答案】A