2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復習 專題四 形容詞和副詞教案.doc

2019-2020年高中英語語法專題復習 專題四 形容詞和副詞教案一、考點聚焦1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動詞后面作表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記；（1）形容詞短語作定語，定語后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語。sick既可作表語又可作定語，ill如作定語意為“bad”。（3）用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構成的復合詞如anything、something等時，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時，必須后置。（6）幾個副詞并列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點時間。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動詞后，行為動詞前。（8）副詞作定語，定語后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）幾個并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（大?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paitings（10）以-ly結尾的詞性辨析。下列單詞以-ly結尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：deep深 wide寬廣 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely廣泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：dead完全，絕對be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相當be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、遲arrive late, e late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、復合形容詞的構成（1）形容詞 + 名詞 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的(2)形容詞 + 形容詞red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍的（3）形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的（4）副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉動的（5）副詞 + 過去分詞hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名詞 + 形容詞life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的（7）名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的（8）名詞 + 過去分詞snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的（9）數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + edfour-storeyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的（10）數(shù)詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級（1）原級的構成和用法。構成：形容詞、副詞的原級即本身。用法：表示雙方在程度、性質、特征等某方面相等時，用“as + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構；表示雙方不相等時，用“not so(as) + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時，用“倍數(shù) + as + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比較級和最高級的構成。掌握比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特殊形容詞和副詞。（3）比較級的用法。對方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 + than”的結構表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess + 原級 + than”的結構表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease e earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于強調最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應在二者中間加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語）”的結構（意為“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結構。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl bees more and more beautiful.某些以-ior結尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比較從句中為了避免重復，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍數(shù)表達法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.(4)最高級的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the + 最高級”的結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：He is the tallest (boy) in his class.作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.(5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。形容詞最高級前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非?！?。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示兩者間“較的一個”比較級前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比較級，the + 比較級”結構中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語。 as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.as far as遠到；就而知（論）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，極其They are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(7)幾組重要的詞語辨析。very 和much的區(qū)別。（A）可分等級的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very plicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C)已轉化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventue these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）關于原級形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結構：（a）修飾絕對意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite pletely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、pletely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。so that 與such that 的區(qū)別。so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that such + 形容詞 + 復數(shù)名詞 + that 注意：下列結構中只能用so不可用such,當名詞前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當little表示“小”時用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。其他幾組詞的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點的“以前”；before指以過去或將來的某時刻為起點的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口語，also多用于書面語，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:與good不同的是，well作形容詞，只能在系動詞后作表語，表示“身體狀況好”，也作副詞修飾動詞。(E)quick、fast:作形容詞皆表“快”。fast多指運動的物體，含持續(xù)的意思。quick多指一次動作的敏捷、突然，而且持續(xù)的時間較短。(F)real、true:形容詞表“真的”。real強調真實存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語；true指與事實標準和實際情況相符合，在句中作表語或定語。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語和表語。 二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.（NMET xx）A. an art much as B. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much an art as解析：答案為D。本題可從考查形容詞的同級比較點入手。在同級比較asas句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as”結構。這道題在名詞專題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.(NMET xx)A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially解析：答案為D。本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語的準確含義，結合語境進行分析。A項意為“極端地”；B項意為“自然地”；C項“基本上”；D項“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會講（它的）語言，在國外你就總會困難重重”可知答案。3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET xx)A. the best B. more C. better D. the most解析：答案為C。本題考查副詞的比較級和最高級。要把握句式之間的聯(lián)系，抓住句子的隱藏信息，結合語境進行分析。根據(jù)句意，句中but后應有一詞組be well known for。同時，應注意到前后兩個分句把professor White的短篇小說和戲劇進行了對比，故應用well的比較級。4.I must be getting fatI can do my trousers up.A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom解析：答案為D。本題考副詞，且繼續(xù)使用了破折號，對前句解釋說明。句中的“do up”指“系上、扣上、包扎上”等意，故全句合理的意思是：我?guī)缀跸挡簧涎澴恿耍ㄒ虼耍┪乙欢ㄔ诎l(fā)胖。B項hardly是“幾乎不”的意思，正合題意。5. The house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little解析：答案為A。本題考名詞前置定事的排序。多個詞同時作前置定語時，排列規(guī)律一般是：代詞性定語+冠/指示/物主/所有格+數(shù)詞（先序后基）+形容詞+國籍/材料/用途形容詞或名詞或動名詞+被修飾的名詞，其中數(shù)個形容詞同時出現(xiàn)時，多用下列順序：性質+大小+形狀+新舊+顏色，有時也要看與名詞的密切關系，越密切，越靠近名詞。按上文所述，wooden表材料，放在最后，white 表顏色，放在little之后，故選A。6. That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul. Ive seen . What did you like most about the film?A. better B. worse C. best D. worst解析：答案為B?？疾楸容^級的用法，由句意可知，我還見過比frightening更糟的，故選B。