動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 課件

動 詞 的 時 態(tài) 和 語 態(tài) 英語動詞共有16種時態(tài)，最根本常用的有：現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般過去時，過去完成時，過去進行時，過去完成進行時一般將來時，將來完成時，將來進行時，將來完成進行時 一般現(xiàn)在時：1. 表示經常性、習慣性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在 的狀態(tài)、特征、能力、客觀存在或真 理。句中常用always, often, usually, sometimes, every day 等時間狀語Tom goes to work every day.經常的動作The machine runs smoothly. (特征)He is very happy. (現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))The earth moves around the sun. (客觀真理) 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的特殊用法：1. 在時間和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在 時態(tài)表示將來的動作。Ill go to see you when I have time.Ill go to see you if I have time tomorrow.2. 某些動詞，如：stand, continue, wish, love, like, hate, feel, find, think等常用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài) He loves nature.I wish to be back soon. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：2. 表示過去某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,謂 語動詞常為非延續(xù)性的動詞。1. 表示從過去某一時間一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的 動作或狀態(tài)，常用延續(xù)性的動詞。I have sat hours in the classroom reading a novel.The weather has been cold so far this winter.Have you ever considered moving to the south?I have locked the door. 現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：1. 表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。Are the students dancing? Look, some swans are flying past!2. 表示目前這段時間正在發(fā)生的動作。He is writing his new novel these days. Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)：have / has been doing1. 表示發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的 動作，強調動作的連續(xù)不停頓。Tom has been working hard since the new term began.Where have you been living these years?2. 表示不久前剛結束的動作。Sorry, Im late. How long have you been waiting here? 補充說明：以下動詞沒有進行時態(tài)： 1. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞： seem, look(看起 來),appear, have(有)，belong to， own, hold(容納)This book belongs to me.He appears very angry.2. 表示知道、信念、理解、知識、推測、 疑心、希望等含義的動詞，如：know, forget, remember, understand, see，think，believe, hope, doubt 等I dont understand why he did it.I hope I can pass the exam. 一般過去時態(tài)：1. 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài) 或過去反復發(fā)生的動作。常與表示過去 的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday, last week ,during the nightHe suddenly fell ill yesterday.He worked in a factory in 2004. 2. 表示過去經常做的動作When I was in the countryside, I often had a long walk after supper. 過去完成時態(tài)：I had studied in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.在時間含義上是“過去的過去，因此句子中一般都有一個一個明確的狀語或狀與從句來表示過去的時間。 幾種常見時態(tài)的區(qū)別：一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)：1 He keeps doing morning exercise to keep fit.He felt cold so he sat closer to the fire.2 一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：He opened the door.He has opened the door.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和過去完成時態(tài)：3 He has lived here since he came here.H had lived here before he went abroad. 一般將來時(will, shall)1. 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常 與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如 tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next SundayWe will have a dictation tomorrow.He will be back in a few days.2. 表示一種傾向或一種固有特性或經常發(fā) 生的動作。 意為“慣于，總是 When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt. Will you / Shall we ( I ) do sth. 請你/ 讓我們做某事，好嗎？Will you please open the door? Shall we go now? 一般將來時的其它形式：2. be to + 動詞原形 : 表示按方案將要發(fā)生 的事，或征求對方意見We are to take the exam next week.Are we to go on with this work?1. be going to + 動詞原形：多用于口語 中，表示即將發(fā)生的事或近期最近打算 進行的事Its going to snow.The children are going to have a party today. 3.現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)：表示按方案即將發(fā)生的動 作，多于表示以東的動詞come, go, arrive, leave 連用He is leaving for London tomorrow.Christmas is drawing near. 動詞的語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)：主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)：主語是動作的承受者各種時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的結構：一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：一般過去時態(tài)：一般將來時態(tài)：進行時態(tài)：完成時態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：am /is/are + 過去分詞was / were + 過去分詞will/shall be +過去分詞be being + 過去分詞have/has/had been + 過去分詞情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞 We are told that there will be a meeting this afternoon.I was invited to concert.The matter will be looked into as soon as possible.The house is being repaired.The new bridge has been built.These books must be returned in three days. 以下情況下常用被動語態(tài)：不知道動作的執(zhí)行者：Printing was introduced into Europe from China.沒有必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者：I was not born in this city.要強調動作的執(zhí)行者時：The window was broken by the boy who lives next door. 當動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時：We were shocked by the news of his death. 使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的重點：1. 只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)He was surprised by the news. He was come. 2. 除了含雙賓語的動詞外，一般動詞 的被動語態(tài)行時不帶賓語。They will be given more time to finish the work.The novel was written by Dickens. 練 習 用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1. She _ (leave) the office two hours ago.2. As son as she arrived home, the girl discovered that she _ (take) her friends book by mistake.3. Who _ (come) to school earliest in your class every morning?4. Great changes _ (take place) in this city since 1979.5. By the time he was twelve, Edison _ (begin) to sell newspapers.left had takencomes have tak n placehad begun 6. He usually listens to the radio, but now he _ (watch) TV.7. By the end of this century, we _ _ (build) our country into a strong modern one.8. The man _ (hope) to catch the last train, but he was too late.9. The boys _ (play) basketball from 5:00 to 6:00 yesterday.10. - Have you seen that wonderful film? - No, I _ (see) it next Monday.will seewere playinghad hoped hadbuilt is watching 11. As she _ (read) the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.12. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ _ (stare) into space then.13. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it.14. Visitors _ (ask) not to touch the things on the shelf.15. The problems _ (discuss) now.was reading wasstaringwas writingare askedare being discussed 2. 完成以下句子：1. By the end of last year, _ _ (她在這間小屋里住了10年)。2. We _ (在看電視)at eight yesterday evening.3. - How often did he go there? - He usually _ (一星期去那里兩次).4. I _(弄丟了我的鋼筆), I have to use a pencil. she had beenliving in this house for 10 yearswere watching TVwent there twice a weekhave lost my pen 5. Mr. Smith _ (2：00就來了)。6. Mr. Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化學) ever since he graduated from university.7. Mr. Johnson _ _(一直教了五十年化學) until he retired.8. I _ (更努力地學習) to catch up with my classmates.has been here since 2:00.has taught chemistryfor 50 years had taught chemistry for 50 yearswill study harder